List of Archived Posts
2004 Newsgroup Postings (03/20 - 04/22)
- IBM 360 memory
- IBM 360 memory
- Microsoft source leak
- IBM 360 memory
- IBM 360 memory
- IBM 360 memory
- Memory Affinity
- Digital Signature Standards
- Digital Signature Standards
- IBM 360 memory
- IBM 360 memory
- Do we really need all three of these newsgroups?
- real multi-tasking, multi-programming
- JSX 328x printing (portrait)
- The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
- "360 revolution" at computer history museuam (x-post)
- IBM 360 memory
- REXX still going strong after 25 years
- The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
- REXX still going strong after 25 years
- REXX still going strong after 25 years
- REXX still going strong after 25 years
- System/360 40th Anniversary
- Xquery might have some things right
- who were the original fortran installations?
- System/360 40th Anniversary
- REXX still going strong after 25 years
- who were the original fortran installations?
- 360 and You Bet Your Company
- cheaper low quality drives
- cheaper low quality drives
- someone looking to donate IBM magazines and stuff
- System/360 40th Anniversary
- someone looking to donate IBM magazines and stuff
- System/360 40th Anniversary
- 50 years of computer payroll
- Omniscience Protocol Requirements
- ANNOUNCE: NIST Considers Schneier Public Key Algorithm
- FC1 & FC2
- System/360 40th Anniversary
- RFC-2898 Appendix B
- REXX still going strong after 25 years
- REXX still going strong after 25 years
- [OT] Microsoft aggressive search plans revealed
- who were the original fortran installations?
- who were the original fortran installations?
- ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
- ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
- ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
- Has the Redhat ntp time server gone off-line?
- ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
- ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
- Was it ever thus?
- COMPUTER RELATED WORLD'S RECORDS?
- [OT] Computer Proof of the Kepler Conjecture
- If there had been no MS-DOS
- If there had been no MS-DOS
- If you're going to bullshit, eschew moderation
- How secure is 2048 bit RSA?
- Happy Birthday Mainframe
- How secure is 2048 bit RSA?
- If you're going to bullshit, eschew moderation
- microsoft antitrust
- System/360 40 years old today
- System/360 40 years old today
- System/360 40 years old today
- System/360 40 years old today
- Happy Birthday Mainframe
- bits, bytes, half-duplex, dual-simplex, etc
- A POX on you, Dennis Ritchie!!!
- If you're going to bullshit, eschew moderation
- What terminology reflects the "first" computer language ?
- ibm mainframe or unix
- DASD Architecture of the future
- DASD Architecture of the future
- DASD Architecture of the future
IBM 360 memory
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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 360 memory
Newsgroups: comp.arch,alt.folklore.computers,bit.listserv.vmesa-l
Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2004 13:10:00 -0700
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
tss/360 had concept of virtual memory and one-level store ... but
almost not concept of performance techniques and dynanic adaptive
anything. besides tss/360 horribly long pathlengths there were some
static things that they just didn't stop and think about. CMS used a
slightly more digression; standard cms didn't have a virtual
memory file system ... it had a somewhat CTSS looking filesystem
using effectively real i/o semantics that got simulated in
cp/67's virtual memory environment .... recent slight
digression regarding CCWTRANS & UNTRANS simulating real I/O
CCW programs in virtual memory environment:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#59 real multi-tasking, multi-programming
in the early '70s, i did do a page-mapped infrastructure for the CMS
filesystem ... which supported general semantics ... being able to
somewhat do the one-level store stuff ... ala tss/360 ... but also
supporting the existing CMS filesystem semantics ... aka real I/O
operations were translated into block page read/write. From that
standpoint it supported the high-level block read/write semantics
standard in the cms filesystem ... but the underlying implementation
was signficantly more efficiently since it avoided the whole thing of
virtual to real translation, with page fixing/unfixing that had to go
on during the period of the simualted real i/o.
random past postings about paged/memory mapped filesystem:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#mmap
in had the efficiency of using paging implementation with the tight &
efficient block read/write leveraging the higher level CMS filesystem
conventions.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
IBM 360 memory
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 360 memory
Newsgroups: comp.arch,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2004 19:03:05 -0700
johnl@iecc.com (John R. Levine) writes:
My paperweight is clear lucite with a blue back. It says
the paper weight is actually my wife's, who did stint as manager of
6000 engineering architecture ... before we started ha/cmp
project. The guy she reported to, then went on to head up somerset and
then he served a stint as president of MIPS.
also in bottom desk drawer is clear plastic ball about 3in in diameter,
embedded in the plastic is a flat stylistic map of the world with
network links in north america, europe, south america, asia,
australia, africa ... and the notation 1000 nodes, vnet ibm.
it was created for the 1000th node on the internal network (a little
after the time internet went over 256 nodes).
misc. reference:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/internet.htm#22
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#112
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
Microsoft source leak
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Microsoft source leak
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2004 21:01:50 -0700
KR Williams writes:
Later. IBM got rights to manufacture x86 processors in trade for
stock. Intel was in trouble financially and IBM needed Intel.
IBM sold the stock in short time for a couple of bux. Intel also
got IBM's Engineering Design System (EDS), which the revamped
with a usable front-end.
during the '70s some amount of electronic shops in the valley were
running vm/370 (some having even started out running cp/67). in the
above period ... somebody from the palo alto branch office tried to
get a whole load of mainframes into intel running mvs.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
IBM 360 memory
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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 360 memory
Newsgroups: comp.arch,alt.folklore.computers,bit.listserv.vmesa-l
Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2004 21:45:17 -0700
glen herrmannsfeldt writes:
My understanding is that when running under MVS it is better to
run the compilers without overlays. One can, for example, load
the Fortran H compiler into the link editor, and write it out
again without any overlay statements. This will remove the overlay
structure that it would otherwise have.
lets say you have 768k byte real machine ... with 104 4k pages
available, after fixed kernel requirements (400kbytes). If this is
being heavily time-shared with lots of other users ... and the
compilers have an aggregate code size of 1mbytes to 3mbytes .... then
it would be somewhat more efficient to do it in 100-200kbyte chunks
(and in real environment not possible to do in larger chunks that
available real storage).
If you have a 1gbyte (or more) real storage with 1mbyte to 3mbytes
aggregate compiler size, then it would be more efficient to read/fetch
it as one operation ... trading off real memory utilization against
disk arm utilization.
attached are several URLs to lengthy posts about observation that over
10-15 year period, the relative system disk/dasd performance had
declined by a factor of five to ten times. when i first started making
the statement, GPD (disk division) assigned several people from their
performance & modeling group to refute the claims. They eventually
came back with conclusion that I had slightly understated the problem.
This eventually culminated in GPD doing a user group presentation on
recommendations regarding disk allocation and optimization (i.e.
compensate for the declining relative system disk performance).
whether you are doing large block fetches in real memory system or in
virtual memory system (even when there has to be emulated real I/O
with page fixing/unfixing and ccw translation) ... it still tends to
be better than simplistic memory mapped implementation that does
most of the fetches based on 4k page fault at a time.
the memory mapped file system that i had done for cms (30+ years ago):
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#mmap
had API where CMS specified virtual address range to be mapped to
filesystem area. there was some dynamic adaptive stuff that looked at
contention for real storage and decided how best to fullfill the
request. the base CMS filesystem also didn't have the concept of
contiguous allocation ... pretty much a scatter allocation somewhat
inherited from CTSS (and not all that different from various dos,
unix, etc implementations). As part of the memory-mapped enhancements,
I also added semantics to the filesystem that attempted to get
contiguous records on disk and modified the application that generated
program executables to invoke the contiguous option.
observations about relative system disk performance was declining
(aka disks were getting faster, but rest of the system was getting
much faster than disks):
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/93.html#31 Big I/O or Kicking the Mainframe out the Door
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#10 Virtual Memory (A return to the past?)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#46 The god old days(???)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#4 IBM S/360
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#103 IBM 9020 computers used by FAA (was Re: EPO stories (was: HELP IT'S HOT!!!!!))
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#62 any 70's era supercomputers that ran as slow as today's supercomputers?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#40 MVS History (all parts)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#61 MVS History (all parts)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#23 Smallest Storage Capacity Hard Disk?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#5 index searching
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#11 Microcode? (& index searching)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#20 index searching
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#8 What are some impressive page rates?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#9 What are some impressive page rates?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#16 AS/400 and MVS - clarification please
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#21 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003d.html#21 PDP10 and RISC
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003f.html#50 Alpha performance, why?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003m.html#42 S/360 undocumented instructions?
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
IBM 360 memory
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 360 memory
Newsgroups: comp.arch,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2004 22:10:45 -0700
"del cecchi" writes:
Well, sitting on top of my TV is a plastic cube with a blue gene compute
chip imbedded in it. :-)
yes, but my selectric typing element apl "golf ball" is something like
35 years old ... and presumably would still work, if there was a 2741
selectric typewriter to put it into.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
IBM 360 memory
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 360 memory
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,bit.listserv.vmesa-l
Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2004 09:39:23 -0700
jmfbahciv writes:
There was a third way to do things: multiple sharable high
segments. This method eliminated overlays which, IIRC,
always had bugs.
there were OVERLAY linkedit statements for doing program overlays from
the early 360 days. in theory, large multi-module programs could be
compiled and then during the linkedit step different modules placed in
different overlays ... and the system would magically handled
fetching/replacing which overlay needed to be resident at which time.
Most of the compilers, etc ... just packaged things into phases and
linkedited the phases as different executables, with a phase doing
something like an XCTL between phases. Fortran H had a relative few
such phases as large executables. PLI was possibly the worse, I have
memories of early PLI compiler where the number of distinct compiler
executables running to the hundred(s) (and the aggregate PLI compiler
size larger than Fortran H, but being able to work in smaller real
storage domain).
overlay statement from recent IBM linkedit manual (note: not recommended)
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/IGG3L100/2.5.13?DT=19911220122242
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/IGG3L100/2.5.13.1?SHELF=&DT=19911220122242&CASE=
comment about creating overlay programs:
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/IGG3L100/2.2.1.7?DT=19911220122242
comment about creating multiple load modules
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/IGG3L100/2.2.1.8?DT=19911220122242
more than you ever wanted to now about linkage editor & loader
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/IGG3L100/CCONTENTS?DT=19911220122242
With the memory mapped filesystem,
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#mmap
I had done virtual memory management changes for both cp and cms, a
subset was discontiguous shared segments shipped in vm/370 release
3. I had modified some amount of CMS code to be read-only and packaged
it as virtual memory "shared" segments ... that could float ... aka
different virtual addresses spaces could have the same shared segments
at different virtual addresses.
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#adcon
It was also possible for the image of the shared segments to be
resident in the memory mapped filesystem.
The ability to float shared segments (and some number of other
features) was dropped in the product release.
Also, the images for shared segments were restricted to a special,
common, system-wide repository. The issue of a common system wide
repository and requirement for each shared segment have a predefined,
common, fixed addresses then created its own kind of problems.
370s were limited to both 24bit (16mbyte) virtual and real addresses.
shared segments (loaded high) tended to be relatively persistent ..
and several of the applications when laid out as discontiguous shared
segments could be several hundred kilobytes to a megabyte. The issue
was that eventually potentially dozens of applications accumulated in
the shared segment library. Different users might want different
combinations of shared segment applications loaded into their address
space. Not knowing the possible combinations then required that each
application in the shared segment library had to have a unique,
system-wide, predefined addresses ... and eventually the total number
of shared-segment applications started to eat up the total 16mbyte
virtual address space (which also had to accomadate the user programs
and cms kernel).
A webpage that talks about "loading and overlays" and further done in
the page, talks about tss/360 position independent code:
http://www.iecc.com/linker/linker08.html
Note that the os/360/370/390 linkage editor provides position
indenpenden code ... before the executable image is loaded from
disk. The executable image on disk has "RLD" entries for all the
address constants in the image that must be swizzled as the executable
is loaded. Once the executable image is part of the virtual address
space, the swizzled address constants now bind it to that address
location (and would preclude the same, exact image from appearing at
different address locations in different virtual address spaces).
the method I used in the early '70s modifications for position
independent code was basically a variation on the "ELF" scheme
described in the above "loading" overview ...using displacement
addresses.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
Memory Affinity
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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Memory Affinity
Newsgroups: comp.arch,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2004 21:51:56 -0700
Andi Kleen writes:
The commercial pioneer may have been Sequent Dynix/PTX, who
also had a workload manager (this means they could move
memory between nodes). It works kind like swapping, except
that the memory is not written to the swap partition, but
moved to other nodes. Deciding when to do this is not
trivial, the easiest is to just let the user program tell
you (using a "NUMA API").
a commerical pioneer may have been IDC circa mid-70s. they were the
second cp/67 time-sharing service bureau in '68 and then later moved
to vm/370:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare
mid-70s IDC had datacenters in waltham and sanfran. They provided 7x24
time-sharing to customers around the world ... and therefor there was
no time for preventive maintenance when customers weren't connected.
they had several vm/370 enhancements and supported "swap out" of one
machine and "swap in" to another machine within the waltham cluster of
loosely-coupled machines (shared disk/dasd). however, the more
interesting is they also supported migration of address space between
nodes in waltham and sanfran over 56kbit leased-line (somewhat made
easier because a lot of their service was information queries to
financial databases that were replicated in both sanfran and waltham).
misc. past posts referencing idc
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/97.html#14 Galaxies
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#10 IBM S/360
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#52 Compaq kills Alpha
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#55 TSS/360
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#17 Blade architectures
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#56 10 choices that were critical to the Net's success
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#66 10 choices that were critical to the Net's success
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003f.html#3 Alpha performance, why?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003h.html#31 OT What movies have taught us about Computers
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#17 Dealing with complexity
sequent, dg, and convex all did SCI NUMA implementations .... dg &
sequent with relatively standard dolphin parts. all three worked on
various workload management and partitioning solutions for a complex
aka partitioning a full complex into multiple sub-complex of processor
groups, with each sub-complex having its own system/kernel image.
workload management could mean changing the number of processors in a
subcomplex and/or moving workload between subcomplexes (as an aside,
the mainframe "hardware" LPAR partitioning of complex predates the SCI
NUMA impleemntations by possibly ten years).
various old SCI posts:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#8 Why Do Mainframes Exist ???
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#25 SGI O2 and Origin system announcements
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#40 Comparison Cluster vs SMP?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#39 John Mashey's greatest hits
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#85 what makes a cpu fast
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#11 Climate, US, Japan & supers query
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#12 OT - Internet Explorer V6.0
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#17 I hate Compaq
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#10 "Soul of a New Machine" Computer?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#78 Q: Is there any interest for vintage Byte Magazines from 1983
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#83 HONE
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#45 M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#52 Itanium2 performance data from SGI
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003d.html#57 Another light on the map going out
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#0 Clustering ( was Re: Interconnect speeds )
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#6 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
out of some past:
ORACLE SUPPORTS SEQUENT'S ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE Oct. 20, 1995
Redwood Shores, Calif. -- Oracle Corp. will support Sequent's NUMA-Q
architecture for large-scale enterprise computing -- which includes an
intelligent, high-speed interconnect and scales to more than 250
processors. This SMP-based technology will support Oracle products
including the Oracle7 database, Oracle7 Parallel Server (OPS) and
Oracle7 InterNode Parallel Query (IPQ). OPS and IPQ are innovative
approaches to accelerating processes for customers operating very
large databases. The basic building block of the NUMA-Q architecture
is the four-processor Intel Pentium Pro baseboard, enhanced with extra
redundancy and robustness for increased availability in enterprise
computing environments. Sequent connects multiple Pentium Pro "quads"
with its new IQ-Link, an intelligent, high-speed interconnect which
moves data between the quads quickly.
.....
and from summer '97, sequent to support ia-64
http://www.tgc.com/hpc-bin/artread.pl?direction=Current&articlenumber=11494
I have some recollection of sequent pitching a high-availability
clustering configuration ... four 256-processor NUMA machines tied
together in no-single-point-of-failure for high-end commercial
processing (along with fiber-channel support) ... cluster announce
jan, 1998
http://www.tgc.com/hpc-bin/artread.pl?direction=Current&articlenumber=12462
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
Digital Signature Standards
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Digital Signature Standards
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2004 09:35:12 -0700
gorilla_nerfball@hotmail.com (Gorilla Nerfball) writes:
The last info I found on the subject is from 1996 talks about the
debate between RSA and its derivatives (ISO 9796), and NIST DSA/DSS.
But I have not found any concrete info to point me to one, or the
other, or something else altogether. Any references would be useful.
What's happened in the last 8 years?
In the financial industry, there were a couple issues related to
digital signatures.
In the early 90s, there was big push for RSA signatures in conjunction
with x.509 identity certificates. The issue by the mid-90s was that
identity information carried in an x.509 identity certificate
represented complex and serious privacy and liability issues. As a
result you saw retrenching to relying-party-only certificates
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#rpo
that just contained an account number, a public key, and bunch of
administrative gorp.
In the early & mid-90s ... there is also the issue of using hardware
tokens for digital signatures. The problem then was that the chips
seldom had reasonable and reliable random number generation. DSA (&
ECDSA) requires high quality random numbers for both key generation as
well as every digital signature operation. A typical RSA hardware
token from the era had key generation done by a reliable external
hardware box and the keys injected into the token during some
personalization phase. But basically, early to mid-90s hardware tokens
with questionable random number generation put DSA signature
operations at risk. By the late-90s, there were starting to be chips
generally available that had reasonably trusted random number
facilities, providing some comfort for DSA (& ECDSA) signature
operations.
Supposedly a desirable application for signatures in the mid-90s was
financial transactions: take a standard financial transaction, ASN.1
encode it and digitally sign it; then package up the transaction, the
signature, and the certificate and send it on its way to the financial
institution. An issue became that a typical financial transaction of
the period (and still is) totals 60-80 bytes, a 1024-bit RSA key
signature is 128 bytes, and typical relying-party-only certificate ran
4k bytes to 12k bytes; aka the standard, accepted digital signature
process (for the supposedly, main, driving market force for digital
signatures) results in a two-order of magnitude size bloat (aka
increase of one hundred times) in typical financial transaction size.
Now there was a little bit of business process analysis that went on.
If you look at a relying-party-only certificate ... you go to your
financial institution and present your public key ... they record that
in your account and give you back a relying-party-only certificate.
You then use that certificate to repeatedly send your financial
institutions, digitally signed transactions that have been bloated by
a factor of one hundred times because you are constantly sending them
back a copy of a certifiate that they already have the original of.
So my assertion has been that such certificates are redundant and
superfluous (for supposedly the primary certificate market purpose), in
addtion to representing a serious operational 100-times size bloat.
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads
Somewhat in parallel with this, X9 had been working on X9.62, ECDSA
(which is referenced by FIPS182-2 document and can be found on the
nist.gov web site). So a 163-bit ECDSA key results in a 42byte digital
signature and gives at least the security of a 1024-bit RSA key with a
128byte digital signature ... reference to ietf internet draft on key
strengths:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004.html#38 When rsa vs dsa
Also, X9 has been working on compressed ECDSA digital certificates,
X9.68 for high transaction operations ... certificates which might be
as small as 300-600 bytes. Then a 60-80 byte transaction would have a
42-byte signature and a 500-byte certificate ... which would reduce
the size bloat from 100-times to something less than 10-times.
Note, however, one possible x9.68 certificate compression technique is
to eliminate fields from the certificate that the recipient is known
to already have. Since the relying-party-only certificate were
generated by the recipient, it can be shown that the recipient has all
fields, and the appended certificate can be reduced to zero bytes. So
the alternative assertion is that rather than not having to append
redundant and superfluous certificates to transactions, it is possible
to append zero-byte certificates. This then can result in ECDSA
digitally signed transactions that possibly only double the size of a
financial transaction (instead of 10-times or 100-times size bloat):
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
Now, going back to the thing that can be claimed that really launced
the certificate industry ... and digital signatures ... was this thing
called SSL and e-commerce. Some specific references to the
SSL/e-commerce innovation:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn2
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn3
and a lot more general postings about SSL certificates and digial
signatures:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#sslcerts
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
Digital Signature Standards
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Digital Signature Standards
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2004 13:04:14 -0700
.. and slightly related hardware token issue ... analysis was from
late '98 ... but should still not be too dated.
RSA signatures are extremely compute intensive and power hungry, while
doable on standard 7816 hardware token it runs to many seconds elapsed
time.
there are also industrial engineering issues with 7816 contacts ...
that are being addressed by iso 14443 proximity standard ... as well
as consumer ease of use issues (although in '98 there are still price
issues with 14443 technology vs. 7816 technoloyg).
some upcoming hardware chips:
1) emerging chips with trusted random number generation ... support
for DSA & ECDSA ... and ECDSA implementations leveraging commoningly
available "DES acclerators" allows ECDSA signatures in under
second and within iso 14443 proximity power profile
2) emerging chips that have RSA accelerators that hold promise for RSA
signatures being done in a second or two ... the problem is that the
increased circuits don't particularly reduce the power requirements
for RSA signatures .... just compress the amount of power needed into
smaller time period. RSA w/o acceleration circuits wasn't very
practical in ISO 14443 power profile ... and the use of accelerator
circuits compressing the power requirements into shorter period of
time makes them even less practical for ISO 14443 power profile.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
IBM 360 memory
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 360 memory
Newsgroups: comp.arch,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2004 19:55:30 -0700
Peter Flass writes:
I'm not an expert, but I believe TSS (Time Sharing System) was an IBM
OS for the 360/67, I would guess an upgrade of CTSS for the 70xx
machines.
As people have said it was supposedly somewhat bloated, and eventually
lost out to CP67/CMS and later VM.
some of the history extract from melinda's history
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#11 40yrs, science center, feb. 1964
another extract:
http://listserv.uark.edu/scripts/wa.exe?A2=ind9803&L=vmesa-l&F=&S=&P=40304
a (linux) paper talking about VM and lots of extracts from Melinda's
paper (after you get thru the front part):
http://www.itworld.com/Comp/1369/LWD000606S390/
a copy of one of the extracts from above ... which is an extract from
melinda's paper.
"Throughout 1967 and very early 1968, IBM's Systems Development
Division, the guys who brought you TSS/360 and OS/360, continued its
effort to have CP-67 killed, sometimes with the help of some IBM
Research staff. Substantial amounts of Norm Rasmussen's, John
Harmon's, and my time was spent participating in technical audits
which attempted to prove we were leading IBM's customers down the
wrong path and that for their (the customers'!) good, all work on
CP-67 should be stopped and IBM's support of existing installations
withdrawn." (R. U. Bayles quoted in Varian, p. 97).
melinda's website (with lots of the details):
http://www.princeton.edu/~melinda/
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
IBM 360 memory
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 360 memory
Newsgroups: comp.arch,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 22 Mar 2004 21:31:49 -0700
adam@fsf.net (Adam Thornton) writes:
And, of course, for what it's worth, Melinda is married to Lee, who was
one of the earliest TSS users.
i was an undergraduate that got to play in the datacenter ... first
task was writing a replacement (in 360 assembler) for the 1401/MPIO
(front-end to the 709) ... which would run on 360/30 (as opposed to
running the 360/30 in 1401 emulation mode and directly executing
MPIO).
the university replaced the 709 and the 360/30 with a 360/67 for
TSS/360. pending tss/360 becoming really operational ... the
university ran the 67 in straight 360/65 mode with os/360.
the ibm se did get some time on weekends for testing tss/360 ... and I
would be in there also ... sometimes working around him and/or playing
with tss/360 also. I remember one time when he had worked out
something like 60 bug fixes on release 0.68 and sent them into
mohansic. he got an answer back something to the effect, that mohansic
was just shipping relase 0.71 and would he reverify the bug fixes
against release 0.71 and resubmit them.
eventually along the way, cp/67 was installed the last week in
january, 1968 ... for testing purposes mostly ... the 360/67 continued
to run os/360 in 360/65 the majority of the time. The ibm se and I did
put together a fortran edit, compile & test benchmark with
simulated terminal response ... and ran the script against both
tss/360 and cp/67 on the same hardware. tss/360 managed four users
running the script with second plus response for trivial interactive
response ... while cp67/cms managed something like 30 users running
effectively the same script with subsecond response for trivial
interactive response (and this was before I really got rolling on
rewriting major cp/67 pathlengths).
i did get to attend the spring '68 (ibm user group) share meeting in
houston where cp/67 was "official" announced. minor reference:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003d.html#72 CP/67 35th anniversary
There is this story at the houston share meeting where I got into an
argument with one of the lead IBM TSS programmers after four hrs of
drinking at SCIDS (Society for Continuous Inebriation During Share)
and one of his cohorts grabbed his arm as he was pulling it back for a
really good punch. A special meeting was then setup the next day in
the Houston astrodome for us to meet and both agree that it never
happened.
I also made a presentation at the aug. '68 share meeting in boston on
some of my os/360 performance optimization work ... as well as some of
my cp/67 performance optimization work ... including major pathlength
rewrites, fastpath introduction, etc (still an undergraduate).
past postings (from 10 years ago) about my '68 boston share presentation:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#18 CP/67 and OS MFT14
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#20 CP/67 and OS MFT14
photo from the VM/370 30th b'day party at SHARE 99 (in sanfran)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/LynnWheeler023.jpg
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
Do we really need all three of these newsgroups?
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Do we really need all three of these newsgroups?
Newsgroups: linux.redhat,comp.os.linux.redhat,alt.os.linux.redhat
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2004 12:38:49 -0700
Brian Chase writes:
I find this so scattered, I just pay more attention to the Fedora
mailing list more than newsgroups. Shame, cause just one newsgroup
for redhat would be the perfect number and I'd be sure and check it.
As it is now, I sometimes check only one, or two, but I usually
overlook at least one when looking at my mail. What a pain.
Who can fix this, two of them need to go...
i find gnus virtual newsgroups useful for this ... i have a virtual
redhat newsgroup which collects 13 different redhat releated
newsgroups, eliminates duplicates and presents the postings as if they
were a single newsgroup. it handles all the admin/bookkeeping behind
the scenes.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
real multi-tasking, multi-programming
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: real multi-tasking, multi-programming
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2004 15:56:17 -0700
shmuel+ibm-main@ibm-main.lst (Shmuel Metz , Seymour J.) writes:
Important? Yes. Defining? No.
Was there multiprogramming on, e.g., the 2030, 2040, 2050, 3145, 3155?
Lots of processors implemented I/O channels with cycle stealing. I
know of no respected authority in CS who would claim that there was no
multiprogramming on those processors.
and the 3158. the 3158 microcode basically time-shared between
the 370 instructions implementation and the channel implementation.
moving to 303x ... they took the 3158 processor engine, removed the
370 instruction implementation, just leaving the channel
implementation and called it a channel director.
3031 was a 3158 processor engine (with just the 370 microcode)
dedicated to 370 instruction implementation and a second 3158
processor engine (with just the channel microcode) called a channel
director.
3032 was a 3168 processing engine reconfigured to use the 3158
processor engine as a channel director.
3033 was a new technology configured to use the 3158 processor engine
as a channel director.
the 3158 channel microcode supported six channels ... as did the
channel director. with 303x, you got up to 12 channels by having two
(3158 processor engine) channel directors. you got 16 channels by
having three (3158 processor engine) channel directors.
in effect, the standard 370/158 processor was doing (real?) microcode
multi-tasking between the 370 instruction implementation and the
channel implementation ... which then sort of makes even a basic 3031
a multiprocessor ... since a minimum 3031 configuration involved two
3158 processor engines; one dedicated to 370 instruction microcode and
one dedicated to channel microcode.
another extreme was the 370 115/125. The basic architecture was a
shared memory bus with positions for up to nine processors. a hardware
configuration would tend to have four or more microprocessors ... with
different (identical) processor engines having different microcode
loaded; 370 instruction set, disk controller, telecom controller, etc.
The difference between a 125 and a 115 was that in a 115, ALL
microprocessor enginess were identical, while in a 125, the processor
engine running the 370 microcode was about 50 percent faster than the
other processor engines.
i worked on a 370/125 multiprocessor project (which never shipped to
customers), that would load up to five 125 processors (running 370
microcode) onto the memory bus ... for what appeared to be a 5-way 370
multiprocessing system.
now, i did do a twist for this system, the dispatcher that actually
dispatched different tasks on different real engines was implemented
in the microcode. in that sense, it was a little like 432i (that came
later). the 370 kernel code could add/remove tasks from the dispatch
list .... but the actual code that dispatched tasks on processors was
all done in the microcode.
misc. old 5-way posts:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#68 Does the word "mainframe" still have a meaning?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#10 4341 was "Is a VAX a mainframe?"
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#11 4341 was "Is a VAX a mainframe?"
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#6 Ridiculous
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#7 Ridiculous
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#2 Most complex instructions (was Re: IBM 9020 FAA/ATC Systems from 1960's)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#18 I hate Compaq
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#19 I hate Compaq
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#48 Pentium 4 SMT "Hyperthreading"
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#80 HONE
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#82 HONE
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#16 Home mainframes
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#4 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#5 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#14 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#16 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#17 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#56 Reviving Multics
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003e.html#65 801 (was Re: Reviving Multics
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003n.html#45 hung/zombie users ... long boring, wandering story
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
JSX 328x printing (portrait)
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: JSX 328x printing (portrait)
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2004 16:24:06 -0700
R.Skorupka@ibm-main.bremultibank.com.pl (R.S.) writes:
Laser printers are unrelated to TCP/IP - agreed.
Laser printers are older than TCP/IP - IMHO not true. Copiers are older
(in Poland usually we call them Xerocopier - guess why), but printers
are probably a little bit younger.
the big, fast 3800 is probably about the same time as TCP on arpanet
.. maybe a little earlier. arpanet wasn't internetworking (aka IP). It
had IMPs (somewhat like 3705 boxes) that managed all the networking
gorp talking to other imps and connected to hosts. Work on defining
and development of IP was done during the 70s, but the big networking
switch-over to IP was 1/1/83.
there were laser copiers during 60s & 70s ... ibm had the
copier3 in the 70s. there was a project that took effectively a
copier3 and produced a computer attached laser printer called the 6670
(which predated the 1/1/83 switch-over).
somewhat from its copier heritage, the 6670 offered an advantage over
the 3800, it could duplex (print on both sides of the same paper).
misc. collected networking posts:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/internet.htm
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2004 17:08:56 -0700
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
a related thread ran recently in comp.arch regarding social security
benefits not being fully funded (and future generations will have to
make up the difference):
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#9 A hundred subjects: 64-bit OS2/eCs, Innoteck Products
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#21 A hundred subjects: 64-bit OS2/eCs, Innoteck Products
news blurb today on latest social security figures
http://interestalert.com/brand/siteia.shtml?Story=st/sn/03230002aaa010ce.upi&Sys=rmmiller&Fid=NATIONAL&Type=News&Filter=National%20News
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
"360 revolution" at computer history museuam (x-post)
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: "360 revolution" at computer history museuam (x-post)
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,bit.listserv.vmesa-l
Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2004 08:18:21 -0700
From: "Computer History Museum" <event@computerhistory.org>
Dear Computer History Fans,
YOU ARE INVITED TO TWO FASCINATING MILESTONE EVENTS...
"360 REVOLUTION"
Computer pioneers and National Medal of Technology awardees Erich
Bloch, Fred Brooks, Jr. and Bob Evans, current IBM technology chief
Nick Donofrio and the Computer History Museum cordially invite you to
a conversation about the extraordinary System/360 project. Heralded by
Fortune Magazine in 1965 as the "$5,000,000,00 Gamble," the
System/360, launched on April 7, 1964, created a compatible computer
family that helped revolutionize the computer industry.
This event, hosted by the Computer History Museum and sponsored
by IBM, provides a behind-the-scenes view of the tough decisions
made by some of the people who made them. Learn how the System/360
helped transform the government, science and commercial landscape.
The event will be held on April 7, 2004 at the Computer History
Museum, 1401 N. Shoreline Boulevard, Mountain View, California. A
6:00 PM member reception will be followed by the program at 7:00 PM.
Admission is free but advance reservations are required. Please RSVP
by March 31, 2004. For more information and to register on-line,
please go to
http://www.computerhistory.org/ibmS360_04072004
or call 650 810 1019.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
IBM 360 memory
Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 360 memory
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2004 14:05:43 -0700
Dave Daniels writes:
Three years ago 'hack' (hack at watson decimal ibm decimal com) posted
a message on comp.lang.asm370 about an IBM operating system he used
called 'EM/370'. I don't think this was an April Fools' Day thing but
it sounded rather interesting to me. Google for 'EM/370' for Hack's
description of it. Has anybody else heard of EM/370?
chris stephenson built (much of?) em/yms ... sort of a take-off on
vm/cms. it has a lot of very advanced features ... chris's work has
shown up in CMS at various times. The CMS EDF filesystem introduced in
the product in the mid-70s was from chris.
they built a deskside 370 (37t) that was/is used to run em/yms as
personal computer. I believe most of the em/yms group are gone ... but
michel (hack) still runs it. I have copy of Chris' fairwell note from
7Dec1997 ... and Chris' memorial announcement from May of 1999.
minor reference from long ago and far away
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#29 20th March 2000
abstracts for the talks mentioned in the above conference agenda
(2/26-2/28, 1980):
Walt Daniels - Individual Computing
"Individual Computing" is a new project at IBM Research, the central
theme of which is the pursuit of advanced functions for a single user
operating system based on EM/YMS, which provides a productive
environment for writing, testing and running programs. The system
runs in a virtual machine under CP, or could run on a small
stand-alone (individual) computer, closely coupled with a highly
interactive display, and connected either closely or loosely to
service machines which provide access to shared files and global
networks. An overview and future plans for displays and shared files
will be given. 30 mins.
C.J. Stephenson - AN EXTENDED MACHINE, AND A NEW ONE-USER OPERATING
SYSTEM.
Operating systems have traditionally been constructed with their basic
services (such as file I/O, device support and interrupt handling)
implemented by programs which reside in the same address space as the
higher level programs (such as compilers, interpreters, editors and
other application programs). The Extended Machine (EM/370 for short)
is an experimental system which embeds some of these services under
what appears to be the machine interface itself. One of the aims is to
facilitate the implementation of new and special-purpose operating
systems, which are relieved of the burden of supporting the hardware
from scratch. YMS (Yorktown Monitor System) is a simple one-user
operating system which runs on EM/370 and supports a user interface
which is comparable to that of CMS, though somewhat more general. An
outline of these systems will be given, with digressions into some of
the more novel features. 30 minutes.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
REXX still going strong after 25 years
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: REXX still going strong after 25 years
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2004 21:40:37 -0700
http://www.rexxla.org/
http://www.rexxla.org/Symposium/2004/announcement.html
and from slashdot
http://developers.slashdot.org/developers/04/03/24/0034224.shtml?tid=126&tid=136&tid=156&tid=187
and 2/26/80 conference referenced in posting earlier today
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#16 IBM 360 memory thread
also had presentation on rex(x) by Mike
of all the wierd things to trip across, i have an
H-assembly listing of DMSRVA ASSEMBLE that has a munged date but is
probably sometime in 1983
and
H-assembly listing done 13may83 of DMSREX ASSEMBLE dated 15apr83
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2004 23:08:32 -0700
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
the other thing from the us census article in the early '90s
... besides half of the 18 year olds being functionally illiterate was
that (at the time) over half of the (us) manufacturing jobs were in
some way subsidized ... aka the claim that over half of the employees
in manufacturing jobs were receiving total benefits (salary,
retirement, insurance, medical, etc) in excess of the value of the
work they performed (the difference in the value they provided and the
benefits they received had to be made up in some way).
outsourcing report blames schools & related articles today
http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,62780,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_3
http://www.aeanet.org/Publications/id_OffshoreOutsourcingMain.asp
http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/8263034.htm
http://www.cra.org/
previous postings in thread
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#2 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#16 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#23 Health care and lies
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#24 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#29 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#32 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#37 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#38 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#42 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#43 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#50 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#52 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#18 IT jobs move to India
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#19 IT jobs move to India
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#14 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
REXX still going strong after 25 years
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: REXX still going strong after 25 years
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2004 09:02:38 -0700
"David Wade" writes:
If its "H" is it part of VM or an PRPQ add one or what ?
original post:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#17 REXX still going strong after 25 years
H-assembler was commonly available in the 70s & 80s on (ibm) mainframe
platforms. the original commoningly available 360 assembler was the
f-assembler. then came h-assembler with a lot of additional features
and performance. then there were the slac-mods to h-assembler ...
post on h-assembler & slac-mods:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003n.html#34 Macros and base register question
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#13 Yakaota
other refs to the slac mods and assembler H
http://www.xephon.com/arcinframe.php/m090a06
this makes reference to H, XF, HLASM, slac-mods, etc ... all in their
MVS incantations (and their proclib procedures):
http://docweb.nerdc.ufl.edu/docweb.nsf/0/e754c7d0eddc8e5285256bf900674d74?OpenDocument
from comment section for DMSRVA:
Handle all interfaces to the current generation of
variables.
... in this time frame, REXX was still internal use only, and
customers had possibly hardly even heard of it ... and it was still
called REX. The name change to REXX didn't occur until it was released
as product to customers (if i remember correctly there was issue with
soembody already having some rights to REX).
I had done a SHARE presentation on DUMPRX ... sort of stressing that
it had all been done in REX (except for about 100 assembler
instructions) and therefor got around the OCO issue, was ten times
more function than the (assembler-based) product, ten times faster
than the (assembler-based) procduct, took about half my time over 3
months to develop ... and therefor others should be able to do
something similar also.
misc. past posts on dumprx (and dump readers, hung/zombie processes in
general):
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dumprx
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
REXX still going strong after 25 years
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: REXX still going strong after 25 years
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2004 16:22:34 -0700
arargh403NOSPAM writes:
I thought that 'f' came with the O/S, and 'H' was a program product
that cost extra.
And then there was 'g', a non IBM version, of which my tape may
still be readable after 30 years.
a table i found at:
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/hlasm/history.html
Date Product Action
31 March 1983 Assember H V2 Released for GA
26 June 1992 High Level Assembler V1R1 Released for GA
9 August 1994 Assembler H V2 Withdrawn
24 March 1995 High Level Assembler V1R2 Released for GA
15 December 1995 High Level Assembler Toolkit Feature Released for GA
31 October 1995 Assember H V2 End of service
31 December 1995 High Level Assembler V1R1 End of service
20 February 1996 S/390 Software Version Version promotion
6 August 1996 S/390 Software Version Version promotion
4 September 1996 029 Card Punch Withdrawn
18 February 1997 S/390 Software Version Version promotion
1 August 1997 HLASM Toolkit Feature Upgrade 1 Released for GA
15 October 1997 HLASM Toolkit Feature Upgrade 2 Released for GA
25 September 1998 High Level Assembler and Toolkit Released for GA
Feature V1R3
30 June 2000 High Level Assembler V1R2 Marketing withdrawn
(VSE)
29 September 2000 High Level Assembler and Toolkit Released for GA
Feature V1R4
29 September 2001 HLASM V1R4 ASMIDF/MVS 64-bit support Released for GA
31 December 2001 High Level Assembler V1R2 Service withdrawn
6 August 2002 High Level Assembler and Toolkit Announcement of
Feature V1R3 service withdrawal
for 6 Oct 2003
"balstyle memo" from vmshare archives .... started 1/16/84 by Mike to
discuss assembler coding style used in rexx source
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse?fn=BALSTYLE&ft=MEMO
note above includes some people making references to TSS/360 assembler
"rexx89 memo" from vmshare archives ... posts prior to 1989, originally
created 1/24/86
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse?fn=REXX89&ft=MEMO
"rexx memo" from vmshare archives
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse?fn=REXX&ft=MEMO
"rexx90 prob" from vmshare archives ... posts prior to 1990, originally
created 3/11/84:
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse?fn=REXX90&ft=PROB
"rexx prob" from vmshare archives (first post 5/31/91)
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse?fn=REXX&ft=PROB
and for something completely different, "wylbur memo" from vmshare
archives:
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse?fn=WYLBUR&ft=MEMO
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
REXX still going strong after 25 years
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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: REXX still going strong after 25 years
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2004 08:48:11 -0700
Brian Inglis writes:
What's the difference between the High Level Assembler and Toolkit and
Assemblers F and H?
some of the diffs seem to be picking up stuff from the slac-mods
... but I think most of that actually happened for XF.
almost all the detailed description are pdf files. the previous
history URL has pointer to feature overview
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/hlasm/
summary:
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/hlasm/more.html
from above:
High Level Assembler provides:
• Extensions to the basic assembler language.
• Extensions to the macro and conditional assembly language, including
external function calls and built-in functions.
• Enhancements to the assembly listing, including a new macro and copy
code member cross reference section, and a new section that lists
all the unreferenced symbols defined in CSECTs.
• New assembler options, such as:
o a new associated data file, the ADATA file, containing both
language-dependent and language-independent records, that can be
used by debugging and other tools;
o a DOS operation code table to assist in migration from DOS/VSE
assembler;
o the use of 31-bit addressing for most working storage requirements;
o a generalized object format data set; and
o internal performance enhancements and diagnostic capabilities.
High Level Assembler generates object programs from assembler language
programs that use the following machine instructions:
• System/370
• System/370 Extended Architecture (370-XA)
• Enterprise Systems Architecture/370? (ESA/370)
• Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 (ESA/390®).
some more feature:
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/hlasm/about.html
more details are in share presentation:
http://www.share.org/proceedings/sh98/data/S8165B.PDF
the program understanding tool from the HLASM toolkit:
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/os/vse/pdf/orlando2000/E29.pdf
which sounds a little bit like a PLI program that I wrote in the early
70s to analyze/understand 370 assembler listings, extracting code
flow, register use/set, building looping and if/then/else/when/etc
logic structures. There was some ambiguity in analyzing the listing
file since the address fields didn't give the actual domain space the
address existing in. That was one difference between F/X/XF assembler
listings and tss/360/370 listings where every displacement/address
field was prefixed by its csect/dsect index (aka there was less
ambiguity analyzing tss/370 listings)
more detailed posting:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#12 360 "OS" & "TSS" assemblers
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#36 Assembly language formatting on IBM systems
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
System/360 40th Anniversary
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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: System/360 40th Anniversary
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2004 20:58:45 -0700
hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com (Jeff nor Lisa) writes:
The gamble by IBM resulted in a much more efficient computer
world. It was a big improvement in cost/performance yet preserved
older technologies (still used 30-40 years later). I think it
allowed larger corporations to expand functions that were computerized,
including more online processing, and smaller corporations to afford
to get in with a relatively cheap model 30.
in the 70s ... i remember somebody relating testimony at the gov.
trial by somebody from one of the bunch ... possibly rca or
univac. the testimony supposedly was that ALL of the major
computer vendors had realized by the late 50s that the SINGLE
most important item that was going to be necessary to be succesful in
the computer market was a compatible line across all machines. the
issues were 1) there was lots of corporate growth going on and
customers were buying computers and then upgrading and 2) the amount
of money customers were pouring into developing applications was more
than the hardware. Most of the bunch attempted to address that single
most important item ... but ibm for one reason or antoher was much
more succesful than the others. the issue wasn't that the other
vendors didn't realize it and/or didn't try ... it was that ibm
happened to pull it off better/first.
amdahl left ibm to do a plug-compatible processor ... in part because
of direction ibm was taking in the early 70s to do FS
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys
which was a radical, incompatible departure ... and FS was in large
part re-action to plug-compatible controllers ... something that i've
gotten blamed for helping create with a project I worked on as
undergraudate:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#360pcm
I was at mit talk early 70s (possibly spring 71 or 72?), that amdahl
gave on forming his new company. some of the student audience asked
about business plan for getting funding. he made reference to
customers having something like $100b already invested in ibm
mainframe software (at that time, within 8 years of 360 introduction)
and even if ibm totally walked away from 360/370 (somewhat veiled
reference to the internal FS direction) ... there would be customers
running that same software for at least the next 30 years (aka if ibm
stopped making 370s totally, amdahl would be able to still sell
370-compatible machines for at least the next 30 years, just based on
current existing software). Some of the audience also gave him a lot
of heat about selling out to foreign interests (between outright
investment and manufacturing arraignment).
similar past posts mentioning the trial testimony.
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#44 bloat
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#20 1401 series emulation still running?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#231 Why couldn't others compete against IBM?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#33 Big black helicopters
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#38 Big black helicopters
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#39 Big black helicopters
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#85 The demise of compaq
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002c.html#0 Did Intel Bite Off More Than It Can Chew?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#71 Card Columns
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003o.html#43 Computer folklore - forecasting Sputnik's orbit with
past postings mentioning bunch:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#78 Newsgroup cliques?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#71 Card Columns
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003b.html#61 diffence between itanium and alpha
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
Xquery might have some things right
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Xquery might have some things right
Newsgroups: comp.databases.theory
Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2004 21:48:39 -0700
Christopher Browne writes:
The oral history I have heard from various people that have been
watching SGML since its beginnings have indicated this.
SGML was standardization of GML done at the cambridge science center
circa 1970 by "G", "M", "L" (the choice of generalized markup language
comes from the intials of the three people that work on it). GML
processing added to the existing implementation of the CMS SCRIPT
command (i.e. cambridge monitor system ... also done at the cambridge
science center).
misc. past posts about (s)gml history:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#1 What good and old text formatter are there ?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#1 History of Microsoft Word (and wordprocessing in general)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#17 disk write caching (was: ibm icecube -- return of
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#4 Mainframe Spreadsheets - 1980's History
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#54 XML, AI, Cyc, psych, and literature
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#78 Newsgroup cliques?
At least "L" went on to work on RDBMS BLOBs ... towards the end of the
System/R (possibly transition to R-star?) .. there were half dozen or
so of us that transferred out of cambridge to san jose during that
time frame
some specifics about the gml history
http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/
http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/roots.htm
http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/jasis.htm
http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/G320-2094/G320-2094.htm
other science center postings:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
who were the original fortran installations?
Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: who were the original fortran installations?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2004 23:36:41 -0700
i've been asked about helping track down some of the original fortran
material. i've asked some people that i knew at boeing in the '60s
that used the original fortran (circa 1960) ... and still have some
stuff.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
System/360 40th Anniversary
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: System/360 40th Anniversary
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Mar 2004 10:03:50 -0700
Charles Richmond writes:
Maybe the announcement is "the 360 is *40* years old"...and
Suprise!!! We are laying of another 10,000 and sending the
jobs to India!!!
I believe IBM had peaked at something over 480k employees sometime in
the 80s. I believe in 92/93 time-frame they were down to a little over
200k employees (ibm reported a couple billion loss in 92). I have some
vaque recollection that purchase of Lotus brought it back up to 217k.
Later in the 90s, there were acquisitions of some number of consulting
& service businesses, Sequent computers, Informix database, etc. They
are around 320k-330k now. try:
http://www.sequent.com/
http://www.informix.com/
IBM's gross 25 years or so ago run something like 60/40 changing
to 40/60 (US/non-US); although frequently influenced by dollar
valuation (low dollar, results in larger valuation of world-trade
business). Over the years, employees have been heavily US
oriented even though much of the business is outside the US.
I believe in the 60s, it was divided domestic and world trade. In the
early 70s(?), world trade was split into EMEA (europe, middle east,
africa) and AFE (americas and far east). In that time-frame, not only
was lots of branch office and field people using HONE for their
business ... so was hdqtrs (at least hdqtrs marketing people). Part of
moving EMEA hdqtrs from the US to La Defense (Paris) in the early
'70s, I hand carried HONE installation over.
misc. HONE:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
global services, 2002, 150k employees, total 320k
http://news.com.com/2100-1001-927845.html
330k employees in 2004
http://www.forbes.com/technology/newswire/2004/01/17/rtr1215724.html
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
REXX still going strong after 25 years
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: REXX still going strong after 25 years
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Mar 2004 10:32:53 -0700
Dave Daniels writes:
About twenty years ago tbe VM systems programmer where I worked
gave me a printed listing of a full assembly of Rexx. It was
about a box of paper. I do not have it now.
need 117 character wide display ... from some place:
DDDDDDDDD MM MM SSSSSSSSSS RRRRRRRRRRR EEEEEEEEEEEE XX XX
DDDDDDDDDD MMM MMM SSSSSSSSSSSS RRRRRRRRRRRR EEEEEEEEEEEE XX XX
DD DD MMMM MMMM SS SS RR RR EE XX XX
DD DD MM MM MM MM SS RR RR EE XX XX
DD DD MM MMMM MM SSS RR RR EE XX XX
DD DD MM MM MM SSSSSSSSS RRRRRRRRRRRR EEEEEEEE XXXX
DD DD MM MM SSSSSSSSS RRRRRRRRRRR EEEEEEEE XXXX
DD DD MM MM SSS RR RR EE XX XX
DD DD MM MM SS RR RR EE XX XX
DD DD MM MM SS SS RR RR EE XX XX
DDDDDDDDDD MM MM SSSSSSSSSSSS RR RR EEEEEEEEEEEE XX XX
DDDDDDDDD MM MM SSSSSSSSSS RR RR EEEEEEEEEEEE XX XX
AAAAAAAAAA SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS EEEEEEEEEEEE MM MM BBBBBBBBBBB LL YY YY
AAAAAAAAAAAA SSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSS EEEEEEEEEEEE MMM MMM BBBBBBBBBBBB LL YY YY
AA AA SS SS SS SS EE MMMM MMMM BB BB LL YY YY
AA AA SS SS EE MM MM MM MM BB BB LL YY YY
AA AA SSS SSS EE MM MMMM MM BB BB LL YY YY
AAAAAAAAAAAA SSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSS EEEEEEEE MM MM MM BBBBBBBBBB LL YYYY
AAAAAAAAAAAA SSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSS EEEEEEEE MM MM BBBBBBBBBB LL YY
AA AA SSS SSS EE MM MM BB BB LL YY
AA AA SS SS EE MM MM BB BB LL YY
AA AA SS SS SS SS EE MM MM BB BB LL YY
AA AA SSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSS EEEEEEEEEEEE MM MM BBBBBBBBBBBB LLLLLLLLLLLL YY
AA AA SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS EEEEEEEEEEEE MM MM BBBBBBBBBBB LLLLLLLLLLLL YY
DMSREX assembled from REXPAK (2099 records, 04/15/83 17:19:55)
Printed by Userid MFC, on 13 May 1983 at 16:45:40
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
who were the original fortran installations?
Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: who were the original fortran installations?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Mar 2004 13:21:44 -0700
"Jim Mehl" writes:
What kind of material are you looking for? I think I still have
some IBM 704 Fortran manuals from about 1961.
one of the people working with backus dredging up stuff contacted me
... and one of the people I've contacted from boeing also mentioned
having some 704 stuff from 1960 (as well as some univac non-fortran
stuff from the same era). they are looking for stuff from original
installations.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
360 and You Bet Your Company
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.vmesa-l
Subject: 360 and You Bet Your Company
Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2004 23:24:27 -0700
At 5:39 3/27/2004, wrote:
During 1983 I had the privelege of listening to an IBM senior
V.P. who was instrumental in the 360's development deliver a lecture
at the Systems Research Institute in Manhattan. The V.P. literally
referred to the project as, "You bet your company."
slightly related thread in a.f.c
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#22 System/360 40th Anniversary
supposedly FS was another such "you bet your company"
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys
which was canceled and not even announced.
old FS post with some specific references:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#16 [OT] FS = IBM Future System
there was some reference that the money spent on unannounced, canceled
FS would have bankrupted any other company.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
cheaper low quality drives
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: cheaper low quality drives
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Mar 2004 14:46:06 -0700
krw writes:
Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAID) A way of storing the
same data in different places on multiple hard disks. Storing data
on multiple disks can improve performance by balancing input and
output operations. Since using multiple disks increases the mean
time between failure, storing data redundantly also increases
fault-tolerance.
slightly related posting
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#4 Mainframers: take back the light
if makes reference to website with various disk history
http://www.papyrusweb.ch/Syspinner/IBMHistoryOfFirsts.asp
from above (note the patent predates the work sponsored at UCB by
nearly ten years):
1978
First patent for RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks)
technology. IBM subsequently co-sponsored the research by the
University of California at Berkeley that led to the initial
definition of RAID levels in 1987. The first two-speed tape unit,
raising streaming speeds to 160 kb/second.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
cheaper low quality drives
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: cheaper low quality drives
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Mar 2004 15:18:51 -0700
the 88 sigmod paper
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=971701.50214&coll=GUIDE&dl=ACM
the case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) ... as
opposed to independent disks
the abstract ....
Increasing performance of CPUs and memories will be squandered if not
matched by a similar performance increase in I/O. While the capacity
of Single Large Expensive Disks (SLED) has grown rapidly, the
performance improvement of SLED has been modest. Redundant Arrays of
Inexpensive Disks (RAID), based on the magnetic disk technology
developed for personal computers, offers an attractive alternative to
SLED, promising improvements of an order of magnitude in performance,
reliability, power consumption, and scalability. This paper introduces
five levels of RAIDs, giving their relative cost/performance, and
compares RAID to an IBM 3380 and a Fujitsu Super Eagle.
... some of my postings about noticing that disk relative system
performance was declining:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#10 Virtual Memory (A return to the past?)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#46 The god old days(???)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#4 IBM S/360
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#62 any 70's era supercomputers that ran as slow as today's supercomputers?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#18 AS/400 and MVS - clarification please
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#29 Do any architectures use instruction count instead of timer
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#34 Do any architectures use instruction count instead of timer
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#22 What is timesharing, anyway?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003o.html#61 1teraflops cell processor possible?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#54 origin of the UNIX dd command
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#3 IBM 360 memory
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
someone looking to donate IBM magazines and stuff
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: someone looking to donate IBM magazines and stuff
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Mar 2004 16:10:42 -0700
cstacy@news.dtpq.com (Christopher C. Stacy) writes:
I have some old books, mostly techincal and financial texts, and also
the past forty years of the IBM Systems Journal. I'm cleaning out,
and will take them to our dump, but it pains me to throw them away
without giving someone who might want them a chance. I've called a
few libraries (Babson, Olin, local) about the IBM Systems Journal and
have elicited no interest. Does anyone have suggestions as to what
organization in the greater Boston area might have some intereste?
(I've also contacted a few organizations, such as Books for Africa,
and have found no interest in old texts.)
ask him if he has any old LLMPS stuff or other things from lincoln labs
minor reference to LLMPS manual (co-author winett & belvin)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#0 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
System/360 40th Anniversary
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: System/360 40th Anniversary
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Mar 2004 19:59:51 -0700
hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com (Jeff nor Lisa) writes:
Also, as mentioned in the Aspray Cambell book, IBM was superior
in mechanical engineering. Today that isn't so important, but
back when card readers and line printers were used, good
performance was vital to keeping the rest of the machine going.
The IBM 2540 reader and 1403 printer were superb. Why the others
couldn't have a printer without wavy lines I don't know.
i found that, in general, ibm payed a lot of attention to
manufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, yields,
etc. (whether it was mechanical or other kinds, although some of it
may reflect the mechanical manufacturing heritage). there were times
when I saw ibm let competition have a product ... in part because of
manufacturing or yield issues; there were times when manufacturing
technology was as important or more important than the product
technology.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
someone looking to donate IBM magazines and stuff
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: someone looking to donate IBM magazines and stuff
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 30 Mar 2004 13:31:30 -0700
note that Frank was at lincoln labs. which ran cp/67.
the first cp/67 time-sharing service bureau
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare
was NCSS that had some of the people from the cambridge science
center
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
and at least one or two people from Lincoln Labs.
The next CP/67 service bureau formed was IDC ... Arnow and Belvin
from Lincoln Labs and at least Bob Seawright.
IDC.
Bob Seawright was customer at Union Carbide and Love Seawright was the
IBM SE on the Union Carbide account. Union Carbide/IBM sent the couple
on assignment to Cambridge Science Center (working on CP/67). Bob did
a hack on OS/360 PCP called Online/OS, effectively trying to create a
CMS like environment using a PCP-base ... i.e. stripped down PCP
running in virtual machine ... a conversational monitor interacting
with the "operator's console" ... and setup "saved image" of PCP after
the kernel had completed most of the initialization. Bob joined IDC
and Love stayed on with IBM and became member of the VM/370
development group.
misc. extracts from melinda's history:
http://www.princeton.edu/~melinda/
At about the same time that Lincoln decided to run CP-67, another
influential customer, Union Carbide, made the same decision. In
February, 1967, Union Carbide sent two of its system programmers, Bob
Seawright and Bill Newell, to Cambridge to assist in the development
of the system. They both subsequently made important contributions
to CP. Union Carbide's IBM SE, Love Seawright, was sent to Cambridge
at the same time to learn to support the system. Love tackled the job
of documenting the system, figuring out how it worked by using it and
reading the listings. As her temporary assignment kept being extended,
she worked at documenting, testing, debugging, and giving
demonstrations. Later, she would package Version 1 of CP-67 and then
help to support it by teaching courses, answering the hotline, and
editing the CP-67 Newsletter.
...
In mid-1965, I [Walt Doherty] was assigned to be T.J. Watson's man in
TSS land at Mohansic. While there, I participated in a number of
design meetings and met Lee [Varian], Ted Dolotta, Oliver Selfridge,
Jack Arnow, Frank Belvin, and Joel Winett. The last four were at
Lincoln Labs. Jack Arnow was Director of Computing there. Frank
Belvin and Joel Winett worked for him. Oliver Selfridge was in the
Psychology Department. Oliver suggested that I come work with them for
a while on an editor project, called the Byte Stream Editor.... I went
up to Lincoln for about a year.
...
Version 1 of CP-67 was released to eight installations in May, 1968,
and became available as a TYPE III Program in June. Almost
immediately after that, two ``spinoff'' companies were formed by
former employees of Lincoln Lab, Union Carbide, and the IBM Cambridge
Scientific Center, to provide commercial services based on
CP/CMS. Dick Bayles, Mike Field, Hal Feinleib, and Bob Jay went to the
company that became National CSS. Harit Nanavati, Bob Seawright,
Jack Arnow, Frank Belvin, and Jim March went to IDC (Interactive Data
Corporation). Although the loss of so many talented people was a blow,
the CSC people felt that the success of the two new companies greatly
increased the credibility of CP-67.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
System/360 40th Anniversary
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: System/360 40th Anniversary
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 30 Mar 2004 16:36:24 -0700
J Ahlstrom writes:
Burroughs perpetuated the successors to the B5000/5500 and introduced
the completely incompatible B2500/3500 et seq.
GE introduced/perpetuated their incompatible 200/400/600 series.
Some did get it:
RCA immediately copied the (non-privileged) ISA of 360.
Univac ADDED 360 knock-offs to their line and perpetuated only the
1108 et seq.
NCR introduced a new family of machines replacing their previous ones.
SDS introduced a new family of machines replacing their previous ones
I am not sure what Honeywell did before it bought GE (whose
incompatible families, it
perpetuated I believe.)
Not to mention the non-US manufacturers.
the other part of the testimony was that ibm hqtrs/watson was almost
unique in hdqtrs forcing the local plant & engineering people to toe
the line and effectively sacrifice localized tactical optimizations
(with whatever technology was being used by that specific line) for
overall corporate strategic objectives.
the business people may have believed in the requirement for
compatibility across the product line ... but the engineering, plant,
and product managers ... it was quite radical to sacrifice tactical
product advantages for strategic corporate objectives.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
50 years of computer payroll
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: 50 years of computer payroll.
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 31 Mar 2004 09:41:28 -0700
bv@wjv.comREMOVE (Bill Vermillion) writes:
What does the zinc do, in regards to symptom and problems.
I know it's a normal mineral supplment in many foods.
i have some vague recollection of a study about artificial vitamin C
showing more benefits than natural vitamin C ... and they eventually
found that it was trace zinc that was used in the manufacturing
process.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
Omniscience Protocol Requirements
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Omniscience Protocol Requirements
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 01 Apr 2004 00:19:54 -0700
the latest RFC in long tradition is available.
repeat of an old tale ... slightly related
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#51 A beautiful morning in AFM.
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#52 A beautiful morning in AFM.
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#53 April First
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#62 A beautiful morning in AFM.
in any case, for a list of similar RFCs
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/rfcietff.htm
click on Term (term->RFC#) and scroll down to "April1" keyword.
clicking on the RFC number, brings up the summary in the lower
frame; clicing on the ".txt=nnnn" field, retrieves the actual
RFC.
....................
Network Working Group S. Bradner
Request for Comments: 3751 Harvard U.
Category: Informational 1 April 2004
Omniscience Protocol Requirements
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
There have been a number of legislative initiatives in the U.S. and
elsewhere over the past few years to use the Internet to actively
interfere with allegedly illegal activities of Internet users. This
memo proposes a number of requirements for a new protocol, the
Omniscience Protocol, that could be used to enable such efforts.
1. Introduction
In a June 17, 2003 U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, entitled
"The Dark Side of a Bright Idea: Could Personal and National Security
Risks Compromise the Potential of Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing
Networks?," U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), the chair of the
committee, said he was interested in the ability to destroy the
computers of people who illegally download copyrighted material. He
said this "may be the only way you can teach somebody about
copyrights." "If we can find some way to do this without destroying
their machines, we'd be interested in hearing about that," Mr Hatch
was quoted as saying during a Senate hearing. He went on to say "If
that's the only way, then I'm all for destroying their machines."
[Guardian]
Mr. Hatch was not the first U.S. elected official to propose something
along this line. A year earlier, representatives, Howard Berman
(D-Calif.) and Howard Coble (R-N.C.), introduced a bill that would
have immunized groups such as the Motion Picture Association of
America (MPAA) and the Recording Industry Association of America
(RIAA) from all state and federal laws if they disable, block, or
otherwise impair a "publicly accessible peer-to-peer file-trading
network."
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
ANNOUNCE: NIST Considers Schneier Public Key Algorithm
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: ANNOUNCE: NIST Considers Schneier Public Key Algorithm
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Thu, 01 Apr 2004 08:09:10 -0700
Grumble writes:
I hate April 1st with all my heart.
not wanting to be outdone by venerable IETF tradition:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#36 Omniscience Protocol Requirements
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
FC1 & FC2
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: FC1 & FC2
Newsgroups: linux.redhat
Date: Thu, 01 Apr 2004 14:50:46 -0700
I have a 128mbyte laptop and a 256mbyte dell precision 410 (two
processor) for testing fedora. FC1 installed on both machines
w/o any problems ... although there was a problem getting the
SMP kernel to boot on the 410.
FC2 test2 installation also went w/o a hitch ... although it did
complain a little during the laptop installation about only having
128mbyte.
There does seem to be a significant difference between FC1 (2.4
kernel) and FC2 (2.6 kernel) with respect to real memory useage
(displayed by system monitor. FC1 was constantly at 250mbytes in use
and flowing over into swap. Doing the same stuff on FC2 tends to show
anywhere from 160-200mbytes real memory in use. The feel of FC2 seems
to be quicker. It is almost as if the FC2 kernel is running/operating
with 50-60mbytes less real storage requirements
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
System/360 40th Anniversary
Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: System/360 40th Anniversary
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 02 Apr 2004 08:18:55 -0700
Lars Poulsen writes:
IBM bid several systems.
- one of them was an MVT system with WYLBUR (strange, because
the 360/65 at the technical university was very happy with
a Waterloo inspired system that included WATFIV and WITS)
- one was a TSS system (which would never have worked!)
- they never proposed VM/CMS
in the '60s ... it was still CP67/CMS running on these special 360/67s
... one could make the cliam that CP67 was "only" a type-III program
... but then so was HASP.
the other issue was that in many sections of IBM, VM was very
non-strategic, doing things like branding copies (internally available
within the corporation) of the CERN (& share report) comparison of TSO
and CMS to be "comfidential, restricted" ... i.e. available on
need-to-know basis only.
however, IBM Denmark later in the '70s, did get active with vm/cms
... and there was a conference or two at the university in Lingby that
i remember attending. Somebody that was very active over the years was
John Hartmann (who I remember commenting that even other people from
Denmark had problem pronouncing his name). minor past reference:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#4a John Hartmann's Birthday Party
picture of john:
http://vm.marist.edu/~piper/party/jph-08.html
also (with various pictures and stories from Denmark thrown in):
http://vm.marist.edu/~piper/party/jph-01.html
and from above:
Preben Thomsen
In Denmark the VM story began in the summer 1973. Two System Engineers
were working on a demonstration of this 'strange new Operating system'
they called VM/370. I was a system programmer busy writing
modifications to HASP (that's what they call JES2 now a days). My boss
saw some possibilities in VM, so he asked me to join the project.
Eventually we got some machine time every afternoon. When I was
playing in the terminal room this young guy began circling around
me. I new him. He began at IBM as rather irritating student.
Irritating because he was always right. After university he was hired
- and he began asking questions about VM. Looking back, it is hard to
believe that I could teach him anything.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
RFC-2898 Appendix B
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: RFC-2898 Appendix B
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Fri, 02 Apr 2004 10:02:05 -0700
(Kev) writes:
Some may consider this heresy, but I don't think writing down
passwords is such a bad thing. You can write down a much stronger
password than you can memorise. And when you write it down, the piece
of paper effectively becomes an access token. So long as you keep it
well hidden, and change the password regularly, I think you end up
with better security than a weaker password committed to memory that
you rarely change.
password-based (shared-secret) infrastructure from a purely
theoretical myopic stand-point isn't in itself bad necessarily bad
... the issue is the requirement for unique shared-secret for each
distinct security domain ... and what happens when a person becomes
involved in scores of distinct security domains ... each requiring
their own, unique, proveably secure shared-secret.
As long as the number of distinct electronic, online environments that
a person had to deal with was limited to a very few, shared-secrets
wasn't horribly difficult. It is the proliferation of electronic,
online environments such that a person is dealing with scores of
different environments ... all requiring their unique authentication
shared-secret.
So, I have a hundred different pieces of paper, each well hidden, and
each needing to be changed every month.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
REXX still going strong after 25 years
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: REXX still going strong after 25 years
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 02 Apr 2004 14:20:35 -0700
Charles Richmond writes:
I always thought that Assembler G and Assembler H were from
IBM directly...and ASSIST was from Waterloo...
fortran e, Fortran g, fortran h
assembler e, assembler f, assembler h, etc
website with list of (old) products & product codes:
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/gsf/tools/product.codes.html
from above:
ASSEMBLER
360S-AS-036 S/360 OS ASSEMBLER (E)
360S-AS-037 S/360 OS ASSEMBLER (F) 360SAS037 IEU
5734-AS1 OS ASSEMBLER H 5734AS100 IEV
5752-SC103 OS/VS ASSEMBLER (XF) 5741SC103 IFO,IFN
5668-962 ASSEMBLER H V2 566896201 IEV
5696-234 HIGH-LEVEL ASSEMBLER 569623400 ASM
FORTRAN
360S-FO-092 S/360 OS FORTRAN IV (E)
360S-FO-520 S/360 OS FORTRAN IV (G) '' IEY,IHC
360S-FO-500 S/360 OS FORTRAN IV (H) '' IEK,IHC
5734-FO1 FORTRAN CODE AND GO COMPILER
5734-FO2 FORTRAN IV G1 IGI
5734-FO3 FORTRAN IV H EXTENDED IFE
5799-AAW FORTRAN IV H EXTENDED PLUS
5748-FO3 VS FORTRAN V1 IFX,IFY
5668-806 VS FORTRAN V2 (COMP/LIB/DEBUG) 5668-806 ???,AFB
5688-087 VS FORTRAN V2 (COMP/LIB) ???,AFB
5796-PKR Ext. Exponent Range for FORTRAN 5796-PKR
old RFC mentioning assembler g
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc90.html
XREF40 product that converts each translator signature into 2-character
code:
http://gsf-soft.com/Products/XREF40.html
NOTE: renamedLOADXREF:
http://gsf-soft.com/Products/LOADXREF.shtml
from above (even reference to the rexx compiler):
Most compilers include their own "compiler signature", or "Translator
ID", in the object code they generate. These signatures
(e.g. 5740CB100 0204) are stored by the linkage-editor or binder into
the IDR records of the load-module or program object.
XREF40 converts each translator signature to a 2-character code,
referred to as the "abbreviated translator code". As not all compilers
or assemblers provide a signature, XREF40 can still recognize certain
translators using other criteria when no signature is present for a
given module (CSECT).
Code Translator name
AE S/360 OS ASSEMBLER (E)
AF S/360 OS ASSEMBLER (F)
AG WATERLOO ASSEMBLER (G)
AL S/360 OS ALGOL (F)
A1 APL/360
A1 APL2 V1
A2 APL2 VERSION 2
BA VS BASIC
C C FOR SYSTEM/370 (MVS)
C C/370 COMPILER AND LIBRARY V2
C C/370 COMPILER V1 V2
C SAA AD/CYCLE C/370 V1 V2
CA OS FULL ANS COBOL V3
CA OS FULL ANS COBOL V4
CA S/360 OS FULL ANS COBOL V1 V2
CE S/360 OS COBOL (E)
C1 VS COBOL FOR OS/VS (R2M2)
C1 VS COBOL FOR OS/VS (R2M3)
C2 VS COBOL II
C3 COBOL/370 and COBOL for MVS (5688-197)
C3 COBOL for OS/390 (5648-A25)
C3 Enterprise COBOL (5655-G53)
E+ EASYTRIEVE PLUS (EZPDRIVR)
F? FORTRAN IV (H EXTENDED PLUS)
FC OS FORTRAN CODE AND GO COMPILER
FE S/360 OS SYSTEM FORTRAN IV (E)
FG OS FORTRAN IV G1
FH OS FORTRAN IV H EXTENDED
F2 VS FORTRAN V2 (COMP/LIB)
F2 VS FORTRAN V2 (COMP/LIB/DEBUG)
F3 VS FORTRAN R3
HL HIGH-LEVEL ASSEMBLER
H1 ASSEMBLER H V1
H2 ASSEMBLER H V2
PA VS PASCAL
PF S/360 OS PL/1 (F)
PG Visual Age PL/I
PK OS PL/I CHECKOUT COMPILER
PM PL/I FOR MVS AND VM
PV PASCAL/VS
P1 OS PL/I OPTIMIZING COMPILER V1
P2 OS PL/I V2
P3 Enterprise PL/I
RG RPG II
RG S/360 OS RPG
RX REXX/370
XF OS/VS ASSEMBLER (XF)
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
REXX still going strong after 25 years
Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: REXX still going strong after 25 years
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 02 Apr 2004 19:43:49 -0700
"NoSpam" writes:
I thought that ASSIST was written by John Mashey at Penn State.
wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mashey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASSIST
another description:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASSIST
and it is available here:
http://mstack.cs.niu.edu/pub/ASSIST/
from above:
http://mstack.cs.niu.edu/pub/ASSIST/ASREPLGD.HTML
http://mstack.cs.niu.edu/pub/ASSIST/ASUSERGD.HTML
and for something completely different ... one university's
computer history that is farily typical (which happened to
include an extraneous reference to ASSIST):
http://www.wvnet.edu/divisions/systems/history/events.html
in the above history, they mention in the first entry (sept. 69)
running CPS (converstational programming system). CPS was done
by the Boston Programmming Center ... which was on the 3rd floor
of 545tech sq ... other postings about 545 tech sq:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
nat rochester, jean sammet and others were at the Boston programming
center. In the growth of CP/67 and transition to VM/370, the group was
spun off from the science center and eventually took over all of third
floor as well as absorbing the boston programming center (and most of
their people). As the vm/370 group continued to grow, they eventually
had to move out to the old SBC bldg at Burlington Mall (SBC had
earlier been spun off to CSC as part of some legal action). CPS
included optional support for a special microcode option for the
360/50 that sped up a number of CPS operations.
The CMS COPYFILE command is notorious as having been implemented by a
former boston programming individual.
and for true topic drift, random past sammet references:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#37 S/360 development burnout?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#66 360 Architecture, Multics, ... was (Re: X86 ultimate CISC? No.)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#47 TSS/360
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#59 history of CMS
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#17 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#76 (old) list of (old) books
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#78 Newsgroup cliques?
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003c.html#0 Wanted: Weird Programming Language
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003c.html#1 Wanted: Weird Programming Language
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#55 S/360 IPL from 7 track tape
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004.html#20 BASIC Language History?
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler - http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
[OT] Microsoft aggressive search plans revealed
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: [OT] Microsoft aggressive search plans revealed
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Mon, 05 Apr 2004 09:45:46 -0600
Joe Seigh writes:
Well, you can always copy the entire data structure and swap it in
with a single pointer update so you only have to execute one memory
barrier. And for things like linked queues where items are only
added to the front of the queue, you can get away with a single
memory barrier after loading the only pointer that can be pointed to
new items. But there are data structures where making a deep copy
would be considered expensive. That's why we have linked lists as
an alternative to using arrays for everything.
that was one of the examples came up for compare and swap. most
of the work at science center
http://www.garlc.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
on compare and swap was charlie's (thats why the mnemonic is his
initials, CAS ... the challenge was coming up with something that
corresponded to his initials.
The problem/opportunity given the science center trying to get it into
the 370 hardware was the statement from the POK redbook (i.e. 370
architecture) owners was that a multiprocessor-specific operation
was not sufficient justification for a new instruction. there needed
to be a use for the instruction in both multiprocessor and
non-multiprocessor environments. that gave rise to the description of
being able to co-ordinate multi-threaded processes (which might be
user-level and/or enabled for interrupts) that needed coordination
regardless of whether running in a multiprocessor or strictly
uniprocessor (aka non-SMP) environment.
That became incorporated into the programming notes that were at the
end of the instruction description in the principle of operations
... much of which has since been moved to the appendix. esa/390 table
of contents:
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/CCONTENTS?SHELF=EZ2HW125&DN=SA22-7201-04&DT=19970613131822
current compare and swap:
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/7.5.22?SHELF=EZ2HW125&DT=19970613131822
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/7.5.22?SHELF=EZ2HW125&DT=19970613131822
see programming notes section at end of above page.
new perform locked operation:
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/7.5.22?SHELF=EZ2HW125&DT=19970613131822
long description included in the above page
multiprogramming and multiprocessing examples (some wording
essentially carry-over from the original):
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/7.5.22?SHELF=EZ2HW125&DT=19970613131822
one of the things developed at the Uithoorn HONE center (and
incorporated into the rest of the HONE centers around the world):
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
was a CKD disk I/O sequence that emulated compare and swap operation
for disks in large complex of loosely-coupled processors with shared
access to the same disk farm.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
who were the original fortran installations?
Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: who were the original fortran installations?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 05 Apr 2004 12:32:18 -0600
hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com (Jeff nor Lisa) writes:
This has been discussed before, but allow me to repeat:
The IBM 1130--to a programmer--seemed to be the slowest computer
ever built, due to its very slow punch and printer. I think someone
here said the printer ran at 80 lines per minute which seems about
right. But I thought the printer was a reconditioned 407 which
could do 150 lines a minute (as well as counting). The Fortran II
didn't help.
there was a 1443 which had a bar with slugs on it and the bar would
move back and forth (something like a saw, "flying type bar")
... which is 150 lines/min
the 407 had reader and a printer ... plus programmable plug board
which would do all sorts of accounting stuff. the 407 in the student
keypunch area had a plug board setup to just print (student) card deck
(self-service). at some point, i took it upon myself to play with the
plugboard late at night and/or weekends ... before they started
letting me have the whole datacenter on weekends.
we had a wierd situation in the datacenter one day. the university
business office ran this 360 cobol accounting program every day ...
that ended by printing out emulated 407 switch settings. Apparently
the program had gone thru an evolution of 407 plugboard to some sort
of autocoder(?) that emulated 407 plugboard that was translated into
709 cobol that was translated into 360 cobol ... and the end of the
program still printed out emulated 407 switch settings.
One day the operator noticed that the program ended with some value
that they never saw before. The whole batch stream (& machine) was
put on hold (idle) ... while they tried to track somebody down in
the administration that knew what happened. After about 90 minutes,
they weren't able to find anybody ... so they made the decision to
run the program again and see if the switch settings came out the
same.
columbia reference to plugboards referencing a may03 a.f.c posting
http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/plugboard.html
other plugboard and/or 407 refs:
http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/407.html
http://www.columbia.nyc.ny.us/acis/history/cpc.html
http://www.columbia.nyc.ny.us/acis/history/
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/georgetrimble/A.html
http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/tabulator.html
various 1443 references (some attached to 1620):
http://www.computerhistory.org/old/IBM1620/PAGES/ibm_documents.html
http://www.computerhistory.org/old/IBM1620/PAGES/photos_system.html
http://www-1.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP1440.html
http://www.informationheadquarters.com/History_of_computing/IBM_1620.shtml
http://www.angelfire.com/or/paulrogers/Ibm1620.html
http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/1620.html
http://www.geocities.com/rpn01/360h.html
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
who were the original fortran installations?
Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: who were the original fortran installations?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 05 Apr 2004 12:39:03 -0600
Jonathan Griffitts writes:
Way back then, the rumor was that the 1130 was not originally intended
as a product. Supposedly it was a technology experiment that then
"escaped" to the market. I've never seen any evidence to confirm or
refute that, but it was a strange machine.
university had a 2250m1 ... which was (360) channel attached vector
graphics device. there was this thing called a 2250m4 ... which was a
2250 using 1130 as a "controller".
the science center had 2250m4 (1130 + 2250)
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
had one ... and somebody ported (pdp1) spacewar game to it. in the
early 70s my kids would play on the weekends. the 2250 keyboard was
split into left & right half ... and the keys then were used to
control various operations.
that 1130 was also somewhat the genesis of the internal network ...
the person that came up with the concept of effectively gateways
in every node for heterogeneous computing ... recent posting for
minor thread drift:
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#17 PKI International Consortium
did the first "networking" code between the 1130 and cp/67.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
Newsgroups: linux.redhat.install,linux.redhat.rpm,linux.redhat.devel
Date: Tue, 06 Apr 2004 10:46:46 -0600
ok, todays updates for FC2 test2 breaks just about everything.
i noticed during yum update that there were bunch of selinux policy
stuff being automagically applied this morning
then just about everything stopped working. i log out ... to log in as
root ... which possibly was a mistake ... and x-windows is
in-operable. I finally get in as root ... but window managers don't
work; i get a bare-bones xterm.
i reboot, doesn't help. there are a huge number of error messages
about one thing or another broken. window manager can't execute. only
thing that remotely can login as is root ... and there is no window
manager ... there is just a really bare-bones xterm.
any suggestion about how to quickly get back to operational
system. presumably i can run yum update ... again from the
xterm window ... maybe somebody would kindly put out a new
selinux policy update that is a little more kindly??
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
Newsgroups: linux.redhat.install,linux.redhat.rpm,linux.redhat.devel
Date: Tue, 06 Apr 2004 14:30:10 -0600
Alexander Dalloz writes:
You better subscribe to the fedora-test-list@redhat.com if running a test
release.
yes, well, hum ... i really had some use for 2.6 kernel on Fedora ...
so it was build 2.6 kernel on FC1 or move to FC2. I put-up FC2 on a
couple victum machines for two weeks before migrating it to additional
machines. everything breaking after applying maint. this morning was a
something of a shock.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: ok, today's updates for FC2 test2 breaks
Newsgroups: linux.redhat.install,linux.redhat.rpm,linux.redhat.devel
Date: Tue, 06 Apr 2004 15:49:40 -0600
and of course the work around is rename the selinux directory created
in /etc/security by the service update this morning (and then
reboot). for some reason it is ignoring both the "0" in the
/selinux/enforce file and the enforcing=0 parameter on the boot
command.
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/
Has the Redhat ntp time server gone off-line?
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Has the Redhat ntp time server gone off-line?
Newsgroups: alt.linux.redhat,alt.os.linux.redhat
Date: Tue, 06 Apr 2004 16:39:57 -0600
"Dave" writes:
Technically, you should try to find an NTP stratum 2 time server
close to you geographically. Supposedly the time is more accurate
when you reduce the number of hops in the route.
minor point but geography might not have anything at all to do with
it; the number of hops tends to be what network you are connected to
and what network the time server is connected to.
using traceroute ... I've seen short latencies that went effectively
next door but actually involved hops from one coast to the other coast
and back ... it was a few hops but both nodes were fairly high up in
the network infrastructure hierarchy. there have been other "close"
locations that involved lots and lots of hops and long latencies ...
but it involved nodes that were fairly low in the network
infrastructure hierarchy ... using different ISPs from different major
service providers.
the problem is latency ... all other things being equal, geography (&
distance) might be expected to dominate. However, in numerous regions,
the politics of ISP interconnectivity can dominate (and have
relatively little to do with geography).
--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler |