List of Archived Posts

2006 Newsgroup Postings (08/24 - 09/06)

DASD Response Time (on antique 3390?)
Greatest Software Ever Written?
Overweight truckers stopped by tech checks
processors of the future: super-computer-on-a-chip?
Greatest Software Ever Written?
sorting
Admired designs / designs to study
SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes
SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes
New airline security measures in Europe
What part of z/OS is the OS?
What part of z/OS is the OS?
sorting
What part of z/OS is the OS?
Health Care
"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Comic Sans was Re: An alternative history
Health Care
19,000 Accounts Compromised
What part of z/OS is the OS?
news group maintenance: SPEC CPU2006 announced
SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
Admired designs / designs to study
SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
Admired designs / designs to study
What part of z/OS is the OS?
Greatest Software Ever Written?
Greatest Software Ever Written?
Greatest Software Ever Written?
"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
OT - hand-held security
SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Metroliner telephone article
"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
chip performance ... from long ago and far away
Hackers steal AT&T customer data
"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Device Authentication - The answer to attacks lauched using stolen passwords?
old hypervisor email
Slow-Going For Next-Generation Threat-Scoring System
Materiel and graft
what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Device Authentication - The answer to attacks lauched using stolen passwords?
Materiel and graft
what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
Douglas Engelbart's HyperScope 1.0 Launched
PowerPC or PARISC?

DASD Response Time (on antique 3390?)

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: DASD Response Time (on antique 3390?)
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2006 13:27:17 -0600
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#68 DASD Response Time (on antique 3390?)

part of this is global cache/lru vis-a-vis local cache/lru. i had been doing global cache management nearly 40 years ago in cp67 ... at the time when at least some of the academic literature was focused on local lru and effectively partitioned cache operation. numerous past posts mentioning global LRU stuff
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#wsclock

the detailed file i/o cache modeling mentioned in the ref. thread posting ... basically found that (all things otherwise being equal), for a given amount of aggregate electronic memory, a global, non-partitioned cache was more effective than any partitioning the same amount of electronic memory.

earlier this week, in several hotchip presentations on multi-core designs, there were similar claims. L1 caches were effectively partitioned/local to a specific core. the scenario here was that latency issues negated the "condition" of all other things being equal. however, the larger L2 caches were non-partitioned, global, shared ... effectively the latency being equal between L2 and all cores.

another counter example ... to "all things otherwise being equal" was numerous previous postings about cluster 4341 configurations compared to 3033. six clustered 4341s with 16mbytes each (96mbytes aggregate), six i/o channels each (36 channels aggregate) had higher aggregate mip rate than 3033 with 16 i/o channels and 16mbytes memory ... at about the same price.

the disk i/o bottleneck and the limited real storage on the 3033 (to use as compensation for the disk i/o bottleneck) was one of the things that prompted the 32mbyte real storage "hack" offering for the 3033. even though standard 370 addressing (both real and virtual) was limited to 24bits (16mbytes). the 370 page table entry had 16bits, 12bit real (4k) page number (12bit virtual page * 12bit virtual page number yields 24bit virtual addressing), two "flag" bits, and two unused bits. the two unused bits were re-assigned so that they could be concatenated with the 12bit real page number to allow specification of up to 14bit (14bit*12bit=26bit or up to 64mbyte real addressing). instructions (both real and virtual) couldn't address more than 24bits ... but this hack allowed being able to utilize more than 16mbytes of real storage (for virtual pages belonging to multiple different address spaces).

previous mentioning the clustered 4341 vis-a-vis 3033 and/or the 3033 32mbyte real storage hack:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#3 What is an IBM 137/148 ???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#7 IBM S/360
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#83 Is a VAX a mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#7 4341 was "Is a VAX a mainframe?"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#12 4341 was "Is a VAX a mainframe?"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#82 "all-out" vs less aggressive designs (was: Re: 36 to 32 bit transition)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#57 Why not an IBM zSeries workstation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#69 Z/90, S/390, 370/ESA (slightly off topic)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#3 YKYGOW...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#32 mainframe question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#39 195 was: Computer Typesetting Was: Movies with source code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#7 IBM Mainframe at home
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#51 Hardest Mistake in Comp Arch to Fix
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#8 Is AMD doing an Intel?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#22 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#23 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#58 IBM S/370-168, 195, and 3033
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#63 Help me find pics of a UNIVAC please
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003f.html#56 ECPS:VM DISPx instructions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#22 303x, idals, dat, disk head settle, and other rambling folklore
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#20 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#10 Complex Instructions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#17 mainframe and microprocessor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004n.html#14 360 longevity, was RISCs too close to hardware?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004n.html#50 Integer types for 128-bit addressing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004o.html#57 Integer types for 128-bit addressing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#34 increasing addressable memory via paged memory?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#43 increasing addressable memory via paged memory?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#4 System/360; Hardwired vs. Microcoded
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005n.html#11 Code density and performance?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005n.html#29 Data communications over telegraph circuits
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#1 Intel engineer discusses their dual-core design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#19 address space
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005q.html#30 HASP/ASP JES/JES2/JES3
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005q.html#38 Intel strikes back with a parallel x86 design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#22 MVCIN instruction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#40 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#44 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#48 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#28 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#34 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#39 another blast from the past
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#33 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#41 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#2 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#18 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#27 Old Hashing Routine
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#32 Old Hashing Routine
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#37 Curiosity

Greatest Software Ever Written?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Greatest Software Ever Written?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2006 10:00:06 -0600
Brian Inglis writes:
Can't recall writing a GOTO except in assembler since the late 1970s!

in the early 70s ... i wrote a pli program that analyzed assembler listing ... abstracting code flow, register & variable usage (including looking for code paths where registers were used w/o setting as well as dead code) ... and then generating higher-level psuedo code.

so assembler is full of conditional branches ... and with a little analysis can be turned into higher level constructs, if/then/else, do/while, do/until, computed/case, etc (as opposed to emulated GOTOs).

the problem for some highly optimized kernel routines (implemented in assembler) ... the original GOTO-flavor (with conditional branches) could be significantly more understandable than some of the abstracted if/then/else, etc representations ... in one or two cases a relatively straight forward routine with a couple hundred machine instructions would translate into if/then/else infrastructure nested 20 deep. I finally had to put in a limit that would limit nested structures to no more than 10-15 deep.

part of the issue with GOTOs ... that i later tried to capture with my dump analyzer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dumprx

was reconstructing code flow leading up to a fault (sort of program flow reconstructure or forensics). branch/goto implementations frequently would result in a lot of ambiquity as to exact execution flow arriving at a fault location. things like if/then/else construction would somewhat explicitly identify dependencies involved in particular execution paths ... and frequently helps in program comprehension.

however, i was surprised at the number of instances involving highly optimized assembler code ... where the if/then/else forms actually decreased comprehension (and the branch/goto forms were actually much easier to understand).

since then i've had a number of occasions, in non-assembler, highly optimized code sections, to use GOTO's as the most straight-forward implementation and ease of understanding.

Overweight truckers stopped by tech checks

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Overweight truckers stopped by tech checks
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2006 14:59:17 -0600
somewhat a followup to old thread

Overweight truckers stopped by tech checks
http://www.silicon.com/retailandleisure/0,3800011842,39161811,00.htm

from above:
One axle overloaded by one tonne can cause the same road wear as 18,000 Mondeos.
...
Vosa is using the Viper service to spot and stop overweight vehicles. The system combines Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) and Weigh-In Motion System (Wims) technologies - electronic strips set into the road surface.


... snip ...

old thread mentioning road lifetime design predicated on heavy truck usage:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#5 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#6 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#10 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#12 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#15 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#19 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#24 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#26 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#32 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#35 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#46 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#48 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#49 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#50 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#51 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#52 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#53 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#54 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#56 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#57 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#59 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#60 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#61 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#62 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#0 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#5 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#6 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#11 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#23 The Pankian Metaphor

processors of the future: super-computer-on-a-chip?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: processors of the future: super-computer-on-a-chip?
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2006 17:05:25 -0600
"Gary" writes:
Well, any idiot can throw a pile of cores on a die, and many idiots have. The difficulty comes from feeding the cores with I/O (as you observed) and from interconnecting the cores.

But, the real problem is figuring out what those cores are doing.


a constant theme at hotchips this year was programming paradigm for (at least increasingly, if not massively) parallel operation. there were presentations from large tens to thousand cores (teraops on a chip) ... sort of easy i/o processing examples were streaming video ... since the data is just coming at you ... you don't have to do anything.

one of the presentations said that they worked on the (parallel) programming paradigm for a long time before starting to define massive number of cores (on a chip) that would then fit the programming paradigm ... rather than the other way around ... building a massive number of cores and then trying to stumble across a programming paradigm that fit the cores.

session one ... had chips specifically designed to handle streaming.

session four on reconfigurable computing had a chip from toshiba with large number of cores that could be dynamically reconfigured

session five on parallel processing had a number of flavors of large number of cores on a chip.

http://www.hotchips.org/hc18/program/conference_day_one.htm

Greatest Software Ever Written?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Greatest Software Ever Written?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2006 07:34:26 -0600
Andrew Swallow writes:
Sounds like your translator did not support ELSEIF and ANDIF statements.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#1 Greatest Software Ever Written?

the abstraction had code blocks that were sequential sequence of instructions ... a code block could be bracketed by control flow leaving and/or code flow entering (from unconditional or conditional branch instructions). code blocks could be sequentially aggregated if they were connected by a single unconditional branch ... i.e. the branched-to code block was entered by only a single unconditional branch.

conditional execution was a pair of condition setting instruction followed by a conditional branch. a sequence of such instruction pairs could be collapsed into a single conditional execution statement abstraction ... as long as the conditional "to" location for all conditional branches was the same ... and there were no other intervening instructions between the conditional branching operations.

the issue with some highly optimized kernel paths was that they actually did a complex set of condition testing/branching ... with various intervening instructions. it wasn't just a sequence of multiple condition testing with no other intervening instructions and all the conditional branches having the same target. some kernel paths might be possible 1/3rd instructions condition testing/conditional branching with a mixed of target branch locations and arbitrary intervening instructions (both between sequences of conditional execution instructions and between branch target locations).

so a possible instruction sequence


    test condition1
cond branch A
    inst1
inst2
inst3
branch B
A   test condition2
cond branch B
    inst4
inst5
inst6
B   ....

so w/o elseif it would be

if not condition1 then
        inst1
inst2
        inst3
else
if not condition2 then
inst4
           inst5
inst6
         end
end

so that can collapses into

if not condition1 then
inst1
inst2
        inst3
elseif not condition2 then
        inst4
inst5
inst6
end

however if the sequence at A was

A    inst9
     testing condition2
cond branch B
     inst4
inst5
inst6
B    ....

it really becomes nested ... the subsequent conditional testing/branch has to be at code block boundary of the previous code block ... w/o any other intervening instructions. the problem was that there was some amount of highly optimized kernel pathlengths that exhibited that characteristic ... potentially to the nested depth of 20. the collapsing of condition boundaries like multiple conditions for a single if statement and/or constructs like elseif ... had to have specific semantics/boundaries for the conditional executed code blocks.

sorting

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: sorting
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2006 08:26:26 -0600
krw writes:
You have such a switch. It's called the brake pedal. Just touch it but not hard enough to brake. It tends to send the message without the other dangerous shenanigans.

i've commented before that there are certain points of moderately heavy traffic where flow is at or near speed limit ... and less than one percent of the drivers can precipitate transition to stop and go ... or even accidents. it typically involves very few drivers that exhibit brownian motion rapid lane change activity ... the driver that they have just cut off then lightly touches their break pedal ... that break light starts a chain-reaction of ever increasing breaking ... resulting in an accordion like traffic flow condition ... 20-30 vehicles behind the rapid lane change activity may even come to a dead stop ... and possibly even precipitates a read-end collision incident.

the lead-off break light in the accordion effect may not have touched their pedel sufficient to actually change speed ... just enuf to signal to the drivers behind.

i've been in certain traffic flows where the rapid lane change and accordion effect happened multiple times over a 10-15 mile interval .... i.e. the accordion clears, the traffic resumes to nearly speed limit ... and then another rapid lane change cauases it to repeat.

Admired designs / designs to study

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Admired designs / designs to study
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2006 08:51:46 -0600
haynes@alumni.uark.edu (Jim Haynes) writes:
I'm amazed by the omission of Burroughs B-5000 and its successors from B-6500 on.

from long ago and far away:
Notes on Alan Kay's Distinguished Lecture at MIT

Dr. Alan Kay, one of the developers of Smalltalk and the Xerox Alto, and currently a Vice President and Chief Scientist at Atari, gave a talk at MIT (22 March 1984) titled: "Too many smart people: a personal view of design in the computer field"

The abstract:

This talk is about the battle between Form and Content in Design and why "being smart" ususally causes content to lose. "Insightful laziness" is better because (1) it takes maximum advantage of others work and (2) it encourages "rotating" the problem into its simplest essence -- often by changing it completely. In other words: Point of view is worth 80 IQ points!


... snip ... and ...
Homage was paid to the Burroughs B5000, a computer developed in 1961:

It's operating system was entirely written in a higher level language (ALGOL)
It had hardware protection (which was later recognized to be a capability protection system)
It had an object-oriented virtual memory system
It had virtual data (any data reference could have a procedure attached to it for fetching and storing the real data--a bit was set as to which side of the assignment statement it went on)
It was a multiprocessor (it had two processors, and much of the protection scheme was built in order to allow the two processors to work together).
It had an integrated stack (which, sadly, is the only thing that people seem to remember).

"This was twenty years ago! What happened, people?"

The B5000 had some flaws: The virtual data wasn't done right there were too many architectural assumptions about physical data formats "Char mode: which eliminated all the protections." This was provided to let programmers used to the 1401 (I think) be comfortable.


... snip ...

SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes
Newsgroups: sci.crypt,comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2006 09:03:49 -0600
Nelson B writes:
The single largest impediment to increased use of SSL has been increased transaction cost (or equivalently, reduced transaction rate per system, reduced transaction rate per dollar of system cost) as compared to cost of non-SSL transactions. SSL server owners want maximum transaction rate capacity for maximum cost efficiency.

SSL domain name certificates were to provide that the server domain name in the URL you typed in matched the domain name in the digital certificate provided by the server (i.e. the server you thot you were talking to was actually the server you were talking to) ... basically the browser verified the certificate and then compared the domain name from the URL you typed/provided with the domain name in the certificate.

original e-commerce scenario was that SSL bracketed your whole session with the server ... from the initial connection, thru shopping and checkout. however, most e-commerce servers quickly found out that running SSL for the whole shopping experience dropped thru thruput by 80-90 percent ... and so most of them dropped SSL back to just being used for the payment process. Now you typically click on a payment button ... where the server provides the SSL URL ... and then the browser checks the domain name in the URL provided by the server against the URL in the certificate provided by the server (no longer is the process verifying that the server is the server you thot it was, but SSL is now verifying that the domain name that the server claims to be is the domain name that the server claims to be).

the original theory of digital certificates is that domain name that you provided matches the domain name in the provided digital certificate as a countermeasure to things like man-in-the-middle attacks. however, if the server is providing both the URL (and therefor the domain name) as well as the digital certificate ... it is no longer a countermeasure to man-in-the-middle attacks ... and therefor becomes redundant and superfluous. the server might just as well as be directly transmitting its public key ... with none of the PKI and digital certificate armoring. misc. past posts mentioning MITM-attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#mitm

"i claim to be some arbitrary entity" ... and then provide a digital certificate that confirms that "i'm whoever" it is that "i claim to be". the current browser and end-user don't typically look at whoever it is that I claim to be ... the infrastructure is just relying on the browser to confirm that I have any digital certificate that supports whatever claim that i happen to be making.

misc. past posts mentioning various ssl certificate subjects
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#sslcert

past mention of being asked to consult with this small client/server startup that wanted to do payments on their server ... and wanted to have something that came to be called a payment gateway ... and had this technology called ssl
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn2
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn3

so another issue related to ssl domain name certificates was that when an entity applies to a certification authority for a ssl domain name certificate ... the certification authority requires a lot of identification information. they then check with the authoritative agency responsible for domain name owners ... the domain name infrastructure ... for identification information about the domain name owner. they then try and determine if the identification information on file with the domain name infrastructure appears to map to the same entity as the identification informaton provided by the ssl domain name certificate applicant.

there has been some concern as to possible compromises in the identity information on file with the trust root for domain name ownership ... the domain name infrastructure. so a proposal somewhat backed by the certification authority industry is to have domain name owners register a public key at the same time as they register their domain name. then the certification authority industry can request that ssl domain name certificate applications be digitally signed. then the certification authority can change from an expensive, time-consuming and error-prone identification process to a much less expensive, reliable and efficient authentication process by retrieving the public key from the domain name infrastructure to verify the digital signature on the ssl domain name certificate application.

the problem is that this then represents something of a catch-22 for the certification authority industry, if they can directly retrieve the onfile public key from the domain name trust root for authentication purposes ... then it is possible that others could also directly rely on the same domain name trust root (that the certification autorities are relying on)

a radically simplified ssl setup protocol could involve DNS requests (for domain name to ip-address translation) to piggy back (in the response) any available public key and any crypto options. then the client-to-server connection could have the client initially generating a random ssl session key, encrypting the data with the session key, and encrypting the session key with the (servers) public key. the server demonstrates that they have the corresponding private key by a correct encrypted response (eliminating all the ssl domain name certificate operations and all the ssl protocol setup chatter)

recent thread in some crypto mailing list discussing radically simplified SSL based on using onfile public keys at the domain name infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#17
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#19
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#22

w/o needing digital certificates ... misc. past posts mentioning various public key operations w/o requiring digital certificates ... including real-time, onfile public key implementations:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#certless

SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes
Newsgroups: sci.crypt,comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2006 10:56:57 -0600
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
past mention of being asked to consult with this small client/server startup that wanted to do payments on their server ... and wanted to have something that came to be called a payment gateway ... and had this technology called ssl
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn2
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn3


during this period we had coined the term certificate manufacturing to distinguish the majority of ssl domain name certificate operations (primarily supporting e-commerce operations) ... from what was typically defined as PKI.

shortly after the work this payment gateway and e-commerce work in the mid-90s ... we also got involved in the x9a10 financial standard working group. the primary purpose of the dominate use of ssl e-commerce is hiding account numbers ... since just having knowledge of the account number can enable fraudulent transactions.

the x9a10 financial standard working group had been given the requirement to preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for all retail payments (debit, credit, stored-value, internet, point-of-sale, etc ... i.e. ALL). we observed that account numbers were required in scores of business processes and even if the planet was buried under miles of crypto (used for hiding account numbers), it still wouldn't be enuf to prevent account number leakage (and the resulting account fraud).

so the resulting x9.59 financial standard protocol
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#x959

specified authenticating the transaction (on end-to-end basis) along with a business rule that account numbers used in x9.59 transactions couldn't be used in non-authenticated transactions. this was countermeasure to account fraud replay attacks ... where simple knowledge of the account number could result in fraudulent transactions. past post discussing some of the issues of protecting account number used in scores of business processes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#61

with countermeasure to fraudulent transactions based on simply knowing the account number ... it is no longer required to hide the account number (in order to prevent such fraudulent transactions).

so while the previous post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#7 SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes

discusses a drastically simplified SSL protocol ... while x9.59 eliminates the requirement for the dominate use of SSL protocol for e-commerce purposes ... the hiding of account numbers as a countermeasure to fraudulent transactions (i.e. hiding the account number was no longer necessary as a countermeasure to account fraud).

somewhat related recent blog thread discussing issues of having limited scope hiding paradigms as a countermeasure to account fraud ... as opposed to strongly authenticated end-to-end transaction authentication as a countermeasure to account fraud.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#5 New ISO standard aims to ensure the security of financial transactions on the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#7 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#9 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#10 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#12 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#14 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#22 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#25 FraudWatch - Chip&Pin
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#26 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#41 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#42 Naked Payments II - uncovering alternates, merchants v. issuers

New airline security measures in Europe

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: New airline security measures in Europe
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2006 16:44:23 -0600
Phil Payne wrote:
These days the threat's on the network, and the bearded nutter is sitting safe in some cave somewhere. He doesn't necessarily have to get to your system - he can also attack a system that your system trusts.

i think there was the vehicle plowing into the lobby of a building ... early 80s? someplace in maryland? .... after that you definitely saw datacenters being moved from glass showplace next to the lobby into some form of bunker ... and around the lobby got all those large concrete planters.

when we were doing ibm ha/cmp ... we considered a very wide variety of threats ...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

there have been numerous studies ... even recently ... that the majority of fraud involve insiders ... it is just that the external attacks are much more likely to make the press.

then there is these recent news articles:

Secret Service: Inside Attacks Generally Launched By Problem Employees
http://www.informationweek.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192300415
Study Highlights Insider Threats
http://www.informationweek.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192300421

now, probably by definition, anybody responsible for an insider attack is likely to be labeled a problem employee.

an older post citing a study that up to seventy percent of ID thefts involve an insider
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#38 Study: ID theft usually an inside job

lots of collected posting about threats, fraud, vulnerabilities, and risks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#fraud

misc. past posts specifically mentioning insider attacks:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#terror8 [FYI] Did Encryption Empower These Terrorists?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#4 Who's afraid of Mallory Wolf?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm16.htm#20 Ousourced Trust (was Re: Difference between TCPA-Hardware and a smart card and something else before
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#25 Single Identity. Was: PKI International Consortium
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm18.htm#18 Any TLS server key compromises?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#5 New ISO standard aims to ensure the security of financial transactions on the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#10 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#18 Opinion on smartcard security requested
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#14 Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#40 Beginner question on Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002m.html#46 Encryption algorithm for stored data
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004f.html#31 MITM attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005i.html#1 Brit banks introduce delays on interbank xfers due to phishing boom
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#1 More on garbage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005v.html#2 ABN Tape - Found
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#16 Value of an old IBM PS/2 CL57 SX Laptop
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#33 Password Complexity

What part of z/OS is the OS?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: What part of z/OS is the OS?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2006 12:54:27 -0600
Alan Altmark writes:
It depends on your definition of of "operating system". The classical definition is the chunk of software that manages the real system resources, allocating them to application programs. That is, the gatekeeper for access to the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. That would be, again classically, just BCP: the thing that holds the SVCs.

Of course, as computing has gotten more sophisticated (has it?) the definition has become far more complex. Is JES *really* part of the operating system? Or is it just an application with the same privileges as the operating system itself? Hmmmm.... What about apps that run authorized only for performance reasons? Are they part of the OS? There must be a PhD dissertation on this *somewhere* out there.... ;-)


so one of the motivation for original dual-address space ... was that lots of mvt services (like hasp/jes) ran outside the kernel ... but used the same pointer-passing paradigm as a "real" kernel service.

in the transition to mvs ... all the different things outside of the kernel got their own virtual address space ... this made pointer passing paradigm somewhat problematical for services running in a different address space. common segment was the initial solution ... but for larger 168 mvs shops ... it wasn't unusual to find the mvs kernel taking up 8mbytes of every virtual address space (preserving the pointer passing paradigm between applications and real kernel services) and csa taking five megabytes (allowing pointer passing paradigm to work between applications and services in different virtual address spaces). this was starting to put significant constraint on some applications ... leaving only maximum of 3mbytes out of every application virtual address space ... for actual application use.

access registers then generalized the dual-address space support introduced in 3033.

a few posts this year mentioning common segment in support of pointer passing paradigm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#25 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#28 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#32 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#33 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#38 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#44 virtual memory

for a somewhat different take ... the vm370 had spool file operation embedded in the kernel. as mentioned in recent posts:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#36 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#51 other cp/cms history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#64 The Fate of VM - was: Re: Baby MVS???

i was running into severe thruput bottleneck with the vm spool file implementation in conjunction with the internal network
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

and our high-speed backbone (part of our hsdt project)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt

so my take was to take the majority of the vm kernel spool file function, move it to a service virtual machine, re-code it in vs/pascal and increase the thruput by an order of magnitude ... eliminating many of its thruput constraints.

one of the long term issues with virtual machine hypervisor was the original code (from cp67) was very small, compact, and consistent. the early philosophy was that unless it couldn't absolutely be done any other way ... it didn't belong in the kernel. It was a highly efficient micro-kernel. The downside was that for people with more of a traditional operating system background ... they found the concise, compact implementation easy to understand and modify. The result was a tendency to take the easy way out and add new feature/function into the kernel code itself.

frequently w/o stringently enforced microkernel standards ... the micro-kernel tended to become extremely bloated, starting to resemble the kernels of more traditionally implemented operating systems ... becoming more and more bloating and much more difficult to maintain and modify (the ease of modification somewhat leading to its own downfall).

What part of z/OS is the OS?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: What part of z/OS is the OS?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2006 13:44:13 -0600
Anne & Lynn Wheeler wrote:
the result was that w/o stringently enforced microkernel standards ... the micro-kernel tended to become extremely bloated, starting to resemble the kernels of more traditionally implemented operating systems ... becoming more and more bloating and much more difficult to maintain and modify (the ease of modification somewhat leading to its own downfall).

ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#10 What part of z/OS is the OS?

this brings to my mind somebody's line that goes something like "it isn't done when there is no more to add, it is done when there is no more to take away"

applied to micro-kernel efforts ... with somebody's related observation that maintaining a KISS implementation can actually be significantly more difficult than doing a complex implementation.

however, there is a corollary about KISS implementation being applicable to the situation. recent posts mentioning how simple handling of FINWAIT processing in tcp session close ... made some implicit assumptions about the environment that were violated with HTTP use of TCP sessions.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#17 Hamiltonian path as protecti on against DOS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#19 Hamiltonian path as protection against DOS

the mention of the spool file system rewrite in the previous posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#36 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#51 other cp/cms history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#64 The Fate of VM - was: Re: Baby MVS???

addressed a problem similar to what showed up with FINWAIT handling on heavily loaded webservers in the mid-90s. native vm spool processing had a linear list of all spool files ... and all spool file operations involved searching the linear list. this had non-linear increase in overhead as systems scaled. this is also similar to the original cp67 kernel storage management that used a single linear list ... before subpool logic was introduced to cp67 kernel in the early 70s.

in any case, my vs/pascal spool file rewrite introduced both a hash table and a tree structure for managing spool files.

sorting

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: sorting
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2006 07:47:41 -0600
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
i've commented before that there are certain points of moderately heavy traffic where flow is at or near speed limit ... and less than one percent of the drivers can precipitate transition to stop and go ... or even accidents. it typically involves very few drivers that exhibit brownian motion rapid lane change activity ... the driver that they have just cut off then lightly touches their break pedal ... that

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#5
sorting .... and for even more topic drift ...

Market Forces vs. Traffic Jams; New research shows that making drivers pay higher tolls at peak times and tracking their location with RFID or GPS technology can eliminate traffic jams.
http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?id=17373&ch=infotech

What part of z/OS is the OS?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: What part of z/OS is the OS?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2006 09:26:20 -0600
J R wrote:
We tend to refer to the parts we deal intimately with by name, e.g. TSO, ISPF, HLASM, VTAM, TCP/IP, JES2, SDSF, etc., etc. Unless we are looking at some component in particular, we tend to refer to everything else non-specifically as "the system".

previous posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#10 What part of z/OS is the OS?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#11 What part of z/OS is the OS?

in the past, kernels tended to refer to privilege/supervisor execution and protected storage. lots of kernels have implemented protected storage with virtual address spaces ... i.e. cp67 on 360/67. mvt used 360 storage protection.

as technology progressed there was a direction (like for fault isolation) to provide greater granularity for both privileges and storage protection/isolation.

so from a structuring standpoint, system services got a lot less distinct with much greater levels of privileges and storage isolation.

a couple months ago there was talk by one of the vendors about moving SSL processing into the kernel. the issue was that they were going to be supporting SSL crypto hardware accelerator devices. In order to provide support for potentially multiple different applications sharing a common device ... SSL processing (use of a shared device) became a resource and protection management issue (typical requirement for system services).

Discussion of some of the repercussions in the SSL security model that were the result of the SSL crypto processing overhead ... as well as some discussion as to how many of the requirements (that rely on SSL) might be addressed in other ways:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#7 SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#8 SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes

in the referenced discussion (about moving SSL support into the kernel) there was also mention of repeated efforts trying to get tcp/ip protocol stack out of the kernel in the secure, capability coyotos secure operating system
http://www.coyotos.org/

coyotos heritage is eros
http://www.eros-os.org/
http://www.capros.org/

the eros/capros heritage is keyKOS
http://cap-lore.com/CapTheory/upenn/
http://cap-lore.com/CapTheory/upenn/#keylogic

keykos is the renamed gnosis by the key logic spin-off of tymshare after MD bought tymshare. gnosis was a secure 370-based operating system developed by tymshare. tymshare happened to have been one of the early cp67/vm370 commercial time-sharing offerings in the late 60s and 70s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare

disclaimer, i was brought in to do gnosis audit and evaluation as part of the gnosis spin-off for key logic. misc. past posts mentioning gnosis or keykos
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#69 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#22 No more innovation? Get serious
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#73 7090 vs. 7094 etc.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#33 Did AT&T offer Unix to Digital Equipment in the 70s?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#35 Did AT&T offer Unix to Digital Equipment in the 70s?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#10 TSS/360
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#59 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#0 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#4 markup vs wysiwyg (was: Re: learning how to use a computer)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#43 IBM doing anything for 50th Anniv?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#63 Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#75 30th b'day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#18 Multiple layers of virtual address translation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003h.html#41 Segments, capabilities, buffer overrun attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#15 two pi, four phase, 370 clone
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#50 Slashdot: O'Reilly On The Importance Of The Mainframe Heritage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003l.html#19 Secure OS Thoughts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003l.html#22 Secure OS Thoughts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003l.html#26 Secure OS Thoughts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003m.html#24 Intel iAPX 432
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003m.html#54 Thoughts on Utility Computing?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#4 OS Partitioning and security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#27 NSF interest in Multics security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#29 Shipwrecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#49 EAL5
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004n.html#41 Multi-processor timing issue
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004o.html#33 Integer types for 128-bit addressing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004p.html#23 Systems software versus applications software definitions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#7 How do you say "gnus"?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#6 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#7 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#12 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#67 intel's Vanderpool and virtualization in general
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#43 Secure design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#50 Secure design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#13 Today's mainframe--anything to new?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#30 Public disclosure of discovered vulnerabilities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#12 Flat Query
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#37 PDP-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#34 PDP-1

Health Care

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Health Care
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2006 10:28:58 -0600
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#61 Health Care

the gao has projections that ss, medicare and medicaid program spending grows to over 25percernt of GDP.

a recent news item on health care costs and medicare/medicaid program spending

Taxpayers' hospital tab takes turn for the worse
http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_4234325

that medicare/medicaid programs paid for over half of colorado hospital patient days in 2005 (and numbers may be similar in other states).

"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2006 17:22:18 -0600
"William J. Leary Jr." writes:
No, it was a cheaper microcontroller counterpart to the 8086. Compare the feature set of the 80186 with the 80286. Heck, just compare the register set.

... from long ago and far away

Date: 09/18/82 11:18:07
From: wheeler

re: ACM CAN; somebody mentioned the performance measures in the last issue of ACM/CAN. I just got v10n5 today in the mail.
....
"In the last issue of CAN we published a performance comparison of the Intel iAPX-432, Intel 8086, Motorola 68000, and DEC VAX-11/780. We mentioned that Intel had announced a successor to the 8086, called the 80286. Intel is sampling parts now and will ship 8MHz and 10MHz versions next winter. In addition to new instructions that support 32-bit data, the 286 has a spohisticated protection mechnaism reminiscent of MULTICS. The 286 also has a compativility mode to run existing 8086 programs."
...
"The bottom performance line as measured by these four small programs is that the newest version of the 432 (8MHz with 4 wait states) is almost as fast as a 5MHz 8086, while the 80286 leads the 432 by almost an order of magnitude. Furthermore, this fast machine (in 8086 compatibility mode) outperforms a 16MHz 68000."


... snip ... top of post, old email index

Date: 09/23/82 14:15:10
From: wheeler

re: 80286; "pipelined processor" with four parallel processing units. up to six times the performance of the 5Mhz 8086, bus interface up to 10 megabytes/second, samples of the 80286 available 3rd quarter this year. Price for 68-pin IC will be $237 in 100-piece quantities. Also a iAPX Evaluation package with simulator, assembler and demo programs for $950.


... snip ... top of post, old email index

Date: 29 September 1982, 10:46:37 EST
To: wheeler

Hm, interesting article you sent....

I obtained advance information about the Intel iAPX286 .... it looks very interesting.... also have some data on the iAPX 86/30 and 88/30 Operating system processors.... this looks extremely interesting, and one can assume that the 286 cannot be far behind in getting an operating system chip to go with it....

iAPX86/30 is a 2 chip processor, with 35 operating system processor primitives as instructions... things like job and task management, interrupt management, free memory management, intertask communication, intertask synchronization, and environmental control... It also supports 5 operating system data types: jobs, tasks, segments, mailboxes, and regions. Someday we'll be able to look back at the big RISC vs. CISC and wonder what all the fuss was about....


... snip ... top of post, old email index

Comic Sans was Re: An alternative history

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Comic Sans was Re: An alternative history...
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 07:19:43 -0600
Brian Inglis writes:
W3C are SGML markup language weenies: HTML 1 was fairly similar to pre-Standardized GML; they have now managed to standardize HTML in SGML DTDs (except <BR>!); they deal with totally different issues than the IETF protocol RFC weenies; HTML is at 4.1 and there are many other DTDs, HTTP is still at 1.1 and there are only a few related protocols; they try to work in a similar manner with similar processes: each to their own strengths! Industry is in control of most standards efforts: they see a benefit so they provide funds for work; look at IBM's funding of IEEE decimal FP: few others have any interest, but they are a 450kg gorilla with deep expertise and pockets.

gml/sgml
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#sgml

another invention brought to you courtesy of the science center, 4th flr, 545 tech sq.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

current w3c offices are just around the corner from 545 tech sq.

past postings mentioning waterloo "script", clone of cms "script" (text formating implementing gml/sgml) in use at cern
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#72 Specifying all biz rules in relational data
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#27 Network databases
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005e.html#34 Thou shalt have no other gods before the ANSI C standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006d.html#35 Fw: Tax chooses dead language - Austalia
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#55 The System/360 Model 20 Wasn't As Bad As All That

Health Care

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Health Care
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 07:26:46 -0600
jmfbahciv writes:
That sounds low, Lynn.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#61 Health Care
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#14 Health Care

the referenced comptroller general talk makes references to using conservative numbers ... possibly assuming all "best case" scenarios that would be difficult to argue with?

19,000 Accounts Compromised

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: 19,000 Accounts Compromised
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 08:52:19 -0600
allan.staller@ibm-main.lst (Staller, Allan) writes:
SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Hackers broke into one of AT&T Inc.'s computer networks and stole credit card data and other personal information from several thousand customers who shopped at the telecommunication giant's online store.

recent posts discussing various aspects of the threat model and countermeasures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#12a sox, auditing, finding improprieties
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#13 Sarbanes-Oxley is what you get when you don't do FC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#20 Identity v. anonymity -- that is not the question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#21 Identity v. anonymity -- that is not the question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#8 SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key sizes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#9 New airline security measures in Europe
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#13 What part of z/OS is the OS?

and of course the old standby posting ... security proportional to risk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#61

and a few other news URLs from this morning:

AT&T says hackers accessed customers' cards
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060829/tc_nm/telecoms_att_data_dc
AT&T says hackers accessed customers' credit cards
http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=technologyNews&storyID=2006-08-29T232958Z_01_WEN4690_RTRUKOC_0_US-TELECOMS-ATT-DATA.xml&WTmodLoc=NewsHome-C3-technologyNews-2
AT&T Offers Credit Monitoring Service to Customers Whose Credit Cards Were Accessed
http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/08-29-2006/0004423795&EDATE=
Flurry of data breaches exposes personal data on thousands
http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=security&articleId=9002828&taxonomyId=17AMP;INTSRC=KC_TOP
AT&T hack exposes 19,000 identities
http://news.com.com/AT38T+hack+exposes+19%2C000+identities/2100-1029_3-6110765.html
Flurry of data breaches exposes personal data on thousands
http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9002828
Study: Many believe data thefts can't be prevented
http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=security&articleId=9002834&taxonomyId=17&intsrc=kc_top
Peering at Identity Fraud as Hackers Break into AT&T System
http://www.sda-asia.com/sda/features/psecom,id,559,nodeid,1,_language,Singapore.html
AT&T breach affects 19,000 customers
http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid14_gci1213279,00.html
AT&T Breached, Exposes 19,000 Identities
http://it.slashdot.org/it/06/08/30/0332220.shtml
AT&T says hackers accessed customers' cards
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/telecoms_att_data_dc
AT T Cracked For Credit Cards
http://www.securitypronews.com/insiderreports/insider/spn-49-20060830ATTCrackedForCreditCards.html
Credit card fraud causes cancellation of over 1,000 Barbra Streisand show tickets
http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/8434.html
Thousands exposed by AT&T hack
http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/security/0,39020375,39282020,00.htm
Hackers break into AT&T's online store
http://software.silicon.com/security/0,39024655,39161840,00.htm
AT&T Web Store Hacked, Up to 19K Affected
http://www2.csoonline.com/blog_view.html?CID=24366 AT&T Says Hackers Accessed Customers' Cards
http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192500234
AT&T online store hacked, data compromised
http://www.infoworld.com/article/06/08/30/HNat&tstorehacked_1.html
AT&T says hackers accessed customers' credit cards
http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9002843
Hackers Hit AT&T System, Get Credit Card Info
http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,2010001,00.asp

What part of z/OS is the OS?

Refed: **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: What part of z/OS is the OS?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 09:06:53 -0600
Craig.Mullins@ibm-main.lst (Craig Mullins) writes:
Perhaps this site is "helpful" in narrowing down what an OS is?


http://www.answers.com/topic/operating-system


re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#10 What part of z/OS is the OS?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#11 What part of z/OS is the OS?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#13 What part of z/OS is the OS?

... from recent posting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#15 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

involving some copies of old email from long ago and far away ... one of the items mentioned was 2 chip operating system processor:

Date: 29 September 1982, 10:46:37 EST
To: wheeler

Hm, interesting article you sent....

I obtained advance information about the Intel iAPX286 .... it looks very interesting.... also have some data on the iAPX 86/30 and 88/30 Operating system processors.... this looks extremely interesting, and one can assume that the 286 cannot be far behind in getting an operating system chip to go with it....

iAPX86/30 is a 2 chip processor, with 35 operating system processor primitives as instructions... things like job and task management, interrupt management, free memory management, intertask communication, intertask synchronization, and environmental control... It also supports 5 operating system data types: jobs, tasks, segments, mailboxes, and regions. Someday we'll be able to look back at the big RISC vs. CISC and wonder what all the fuss was about....


... snip ... top of post, old email index

news group maintenance: SPEC CPU2006 announced

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: news group maintenance: SPEC CPU2006 announced
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 09:35:48 -0600
Del Cecchi writes:
If he ends up like that it will be due to a total breakdown in society or mental illness on his part. How much money could one save and invest over a career like his?

actually, anybody growing up budget constrained would (or at least should) know that dogfood is one of the absolutely worst economic propositions. buying dogfood for consumption, isn't an economic constraint issue, it is an ignorance issue.

SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 10:40:16 -0600
SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/30/education/30sat.html?ex=1157601600&en=b251a151ba57e85b&ei=5040&partner=MOREOVERNEWS
The average score on the reading and math portions of the newly expanded SAT showed the largest decline in 31 years

... snip ...

misc. past related threads:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#41 How will current AI/robot stories play when AIs are real?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#45 How will current AI/robot stories play when AIs are real?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003b.html#45 hyperblock drift, was filesystem structure (long warning)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#28 Offshore IT
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#38 The SOB that helped IT jobs move to India is dead!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004j.html#40 Many engineers lack even a four-year degree
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005e.html#48 Mozilla v Firefox
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#5 Where should the type information be?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#43 Academic priorities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#17 X.509 and ssh
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#63 DEC's Hudson fab
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#12 DEC's Hudson fab

Admired designs / designs to study

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Admired designs / designs to study
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 12:59:00 -0600
eugene@cse.ucsc.edu (Eugene Miya) writes:
My old headache was how much AT&T NC wanted to charge for it. It was almost as bad as Unix TSS for the IBM 360/67. Fortunately that machine was gone in adequate time.

minor nit ... it was stripped down tss/370 called ssup ... somewhat micro-kernel running on 370s. tss/360 (for 360/67) had been decommuted as a product ... but there was a few customers with continued interest which was sufficient to keep tss going somewhat as a skunk works ... and also do a migration from 360 to 370.

ssup/unix had been done for internal at&t

a few past posts mentioning tss370/ssup
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#37 A Glimpse into PC Development Philosophy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#13 Relocating application architecture and compiler support
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#20 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#61 Virtual Machine Hardware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#34 Power5 and Cell, new issue of IBM Journal of R&D
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006f.html#26 Old PCs--environmental hazard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#2 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#30 Old Hashing Routine

SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 13:05:51 -0600
Al Balmer writes:
The first clue that you should read the article is the "newly expanded SAT" phrase :-) The headline might make one think that reading and math abilities have declined, but the article seems to point to testing factors instead.


https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#23 SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline

but all the changes that i've heard that went on over the past 30 years always involved making the tests easier ... not harder.

i've commented before about doing some work with large mid-western state univ. ten years ago ... at the time, they had mentioned that they had dumbed down the entering freshman curriculum three times between the late 60s and the early 90s.

SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 14:37:40 -0600
kkt writes:
Also significant is a greater number of kids of middle and lower abilities aspiring to college and taking the test.

i just did google looking for sat historical references, i found a couple

the first item returned
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/PSEUDOSC/DENYSAT.HTM

... from above ...
National score data for the SAT are first available for 1952. Between then and 1963, SAT test scores held constant or even increased, despite the fact that the proportion of high-school students taking the SAT rose from 7% in 1952 to 30% in 1963, and thus that many less-qualified students were taking the test. It seems reasonable to conclude that the quality of American education held steady or even increased a bit during those years. In 1964, scores declined, and by 1970, national average scores on the verbal aptitude portion of the SAT had fallen from 478 out of a possible 800 to 460; mathematical aptitude scores fell from 502 to 488. When millions of people are taking the test, even a small variation in the average can be significant. By 1977, verbal scores were down to 429, math scores to 470. By 1981, scores had declined for 19 consecutive years; verbal scores had fallen a total of 54 points to 424, math scores had fallen 36 points to 466. In 1982, for the first time in two decades, scores rose; math by one point, verbal scores by two.

... snip ...

the above goes on to look at some studies correlating sat scores with other factors:
The usual statistical measure of correlation is called the "correlation coefficient". It has a value of 1 for perfect correlation, zero for no correlation at all, and -1 for perfect negative correlation. The correlation coefficient between SAT scores and first-year college grades is 0.35. This is a rather moderate correlation; it would be more useful to examine the correlation between math SAT scores and mathematics grades, and so on. The Nader Group prefers a different measure, the "percentage of perfect prediction", which is the square of the correlation coefficient; in this case 0.119, which is impressively smaller than 0.35. On this basis, Nairn and Associates claim that the SAT scores account for only 11.9% of perfect prediction of first-year college grades and are essentially worthless.

Now, what's the correlation coefficient between social class and SAT score? Here Nairn and Associates pursue a very different course. Unlike the correlation between test scores and grades, for the link between family income and test scores they provide lengthy tables comparing test scores and average family income. There is indeed a correlation, but without the correlation coefficient, we have no way of knowing how significant the correlation is -- and there is no mention of the correlation coefficient anywhere in the discussion! There is a passing reference to it in a footnote in the back of the book; it is -- 0.35! The level of correlation that supposedly makes tests worthless in predicting grades suddenly becomes ironclad proof that social class determines test scores!


... snip ...

the following gives sat scores from school years 66-67 thru 04-05
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05_127.asp

minor extract ... the full table gives "old scale" scores for 66-95. it gives "new scale"(?) scores for 66-05 (the old scale having been "adjusted"?) ... the following is "new scale"(?) extract:


|    Verbal score  | Mathematics score|
|__________________|__________________|
School year|Total| Male|Female|Total| Male|Female|
___________|_____|_____|______|_____|_____|______|
1966-67 ...|  543|  540|   545|  516|  535|   495|
2003-04 ...|  508|  512|   504|  518|  537|   501|
2004-05 ...|  508|  513|   505|  520|  538    504|

SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 16:31:18 -0600
Al Balmer writes:
Regardless, well-sourced statistics recently posted here showed that literacy in the US has been improving over recent years. In any case, don't you find a large change in a single year just a bit suspicious?

so in the original post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#21 Sat Reading and Math Scores Show Decline

referenced several previous posts mentioning some aspects of the subject. a few of the previously mentioned posts including references to
https://web.archive.org/web/20100413134230/http://www.nifl.gov/nifl/facts/facts_overview.html

and extracts from the 2003, National Assessment of Adult Literacy

for instance one such mentioned post was:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#42

which included some camparisions to other "high-income countries" (US ranking ranging between 14 and 19 out of 19).

and the SAT verbal score (i.e. non-math, more related to reading and literacy) in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#24 Sat Reading and Match Scores Show Decline

from:
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05_127.asp

shows decline from 543 in the 66-67 school year to 499 in the 92-93 school years ... and then climbed back up to 508 in the 03-04 school year where it stayed for the 04-05 school year.

so the cited article
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/30/education/30sat.html?ex=1157601600&en=b251a151ba57e85b&ei=5040&partner=MOREOVERNEWS

says that the avg. score fell five points from 508 to 503.

note from the referenced table
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05_127.asp

there was also a five point increase between 93-94 (499) and 94-95 (504), a two point drop between 00-01 (506) to 01-02 (504) and a three point gain between 01-02 (504) to 02-03 (507).

after a relative rapid ten percent score drop over ten year period (from 66-67 school year) ... there had been a year-to-year one percent or less fluctuation (hitting a low of 499 in the 90-91 and 93-94 school years and a high of 508 in the 03-04 and 04-05 school years).

Admired designs / designs to study

Refed: **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Admired designs / designs to study
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 16:46:06 -0600
eugene@cse.ucsc.edu (Eugene Miya) writes:
Yeah, but in the end, I didn't have to buy it at $100K per CPU/license.

it was sort of self-justifying. a box built for around $1k (as part of mainframe tcp/ip support), they wanted to charge @$40k the justification was that the forecast market for the box was only the tss/370 unix installations ... and there was a forecasted maximum of 14 such installations. as a result they had to amortized the full corporate documentation, sales, marketing, etc ... across a maximum projected sales of 14 boxes.

there was something of a chicken and egg scenario that the prices were so high because the forecast was so small and the forecast was so small because the price was so high.

actually they started out saying that they weren't going to allow mainframe tcp/ip products at all ... and then they fell back to the position that the only market for mainframe tcp/ip products were the maximum 14 projected tss/370 unix installations.

somewhat related ... the eventual box sold was crippled in other ways (besides the price). it was eventually sold to other than tss/370 unix installations running other mainframe operating systems ... typical operation got 44mbyte/sec sustained thruput burning a 3090 processor. misc. past posts implementing rfc 1044 support and some testing at cray research getting 1mbyte sustained thruput
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#1044

What part of z/OS is the OS?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: What part of z/OS is the OS?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 17:36:16 -0600
Alan_Altmark@ibm-main.lst (Alan Altmark) writes:
LOL. "Simplest terms". No kidding there!

I suggest Madnick & Donovan's "Operating Systems" textbook (McGraw-Hill, 1974), the one everyone seemed to use back in college in the Good Ol' Days. (Remember? Icky yellow book? Appearing in garage sales all over town these days?)

According to them, an operating system manages memory, processors, devices, and information. "Information" in their model is the file system. They discuss 3 ways of viewing the operating system: - resource view - process view - Hierarchical/extended machine view

No discussion of transaction systems or databases (those are applications), but lots of talk about how OS/MVT and VM/370 are structured.


note stu worked at the science center in the 60s and early 70s (virtual machine and cp67 days)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

among other things, stu implemented cms script ... that supported "dot" formating commands (similar to runoff). later, at the science center, "G", "M", and "L" invented gml ... and gml tag processing was added to script (for quite awhile you could find gml tags intermixed with "dot" formating controls in script documents).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#sgml

old post mentioning document formating history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003o.html#32 who invented the "popup" ?
PDP-1 Expensive Typewriter (Peter Sampson) about 1962 CTSS RUNOFF (Jerry Saltzer) 1964-65 CMS SCRIPT (Stuart E. Madnick) 1967 CTSS BCPL runoff (Rudd Canaday, Dennis Ritchie) 1967-68 Multics BCPL runoff (Canaday, Ritchie, Ossanna) 1968 UNIX troff (J. F. Ossanna) dunno

...

misc other past posts mentioning madnick
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#91 Documentation query
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#0 What good and old text formatter are there ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#50 IBM 705 computer manual
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#54 DSRunoff; was Re: TECO Critique
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#46 ... the need for a Museum of Computer Software
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#67 Coulda, Woulda, Shoudda moments?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#73 Specifying all biz rules in relational data
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#74 Specifying all biz rules in relational data
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005e.html#34 Thou shalt have no other gods before the ANSI C standard

Greatest Software Ever Written?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Greatest Software Ever Written?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 18:31:51 -0600
"Mickey" writes:
Well yes, when compared to C and Java, COBOL looks good. But anything that can be done in 2000 lines of COBOL can be done in 200 lines of Rexx, and 600 lines on PL/1. COBOL is verbose, and if I want verbose, there is always my sister-in-law.

early rex item in the (internal) vmnews letter (21aug79)
http://www.rexxla.org/About_Rexx/mfc/rexnews1.txt

another rexx historical reference (gone 404, but lives on at wayback machine):
https://web.archive.org/web/20050309184016/http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/ieee/af_forum/read.cfm?forum=10&id=21&thread=7

object rexx was created in 1997 ...and now available
http://www.oorexx.org/
http://www.oorexx.org/products.html

my misc. past postings about doing "dumprx" in rex ... wanting to demonstrate that rex wasn't just another pretty scripting language (like EXEC and EXEC2)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dumprx

a much simpler rex program i wrote in 80 ... from long ago and far away:


/*  supply list of biggest pigs of CP spool system  */
hi='1de8'x; lo='1d60'x;   /* Bright up/down */
'DEPTH'
if rc<=1 then do
hi=' '; lo=' '; end
else 'CLEAR'
arg na; if na ^='' then do
        if datatype(na) ^= 'NUM' then signal tell
end
     else na = 19;
db=0
if db then say time() 'at entry'
parse value cpa('CPR QUERY FILES') with 'FILES:' rdr ' RDR, ' prt ' PRT, ' pun ' PUN'
rdr=strip(rdr,'B')
prt=strip(prt,'B')
pun=strip(pun,'B')
if rdr = 'NO' then rdr = 0
if prt = 'NO' then prt = 0
if pun = 'NO' then pun = 0
rdr = rdr + 0; prt = prt + 0; pun = pun + 0;
ku=0; kf = 0; kr = 0; sw = 0;
qcls = 'PUN'
call Qrdr
if rln ^> pun then sw = sw + 1
if db then say time() rln 'pun'
qcls = 'PRT'
call Qrdr
   if rln ^> prt then sw = sw + 1
if db then say time() rln 'prt'
qcls = 'RDR'
call Qrdr
   if rln ^> rdr then sw = sw + 1
if db then say time() rln 'rdr'
if sw ^= 0 then signal xx

yy:
'MAKEBUF'
kuk = 0
do i=1 to ku
   name = nar.i
if k.name > 0 then do
queue right(k.name,8) || ' ' || name || ' ' || f.name
kuk = kuk + 1
   end
end
queue
'TSORT 1 8 (REVERSE'
do i=1 to kuk
if i > na then leave
pull recs name files
if recs < 100 then leave
say left(name,9) || right(files,4) || ' files ' || right(recs,7) ||  ' records'
end
'DESBUF'
say 'total:  ' || hi || right(kf,4) || lo || 'files' || hi || right(kr,7) || lo || 'records'
tot = rdr + prt + pun
say 'FILES:  ' || right(tot,5) || ' tot, ' || right(rdr,4) || ' rdr, ' || right(prt,4) || ' prt, ' || right(pun,4) || ' pun'
exit

Qrdr:
parse value cpa('CP QUERY' qcls) with . . . . rln .
if rln < 2 then return
parse value cpa('R') with owner .  /* check header line  */
if owner = 'OWNERID' then ss = 1
else ss = 0
do rl=2 to rln
parse value cpa('R') with name fnum clas type records rest
  if datatype(records)^='NUM' then do
say 'Arrgh! records var "'records'" not numeric in:'
   say name fnum clas type records rest
say 'name' name 'fnum' fnum 'clas' clas 'type' type
iterate rl
end
 if type='DMP' then records=records*50  /* for CP dumps each is a whole page*/
else records=(records+49)%50*50  /* round to nearest page assuming cards  */
 if records=0 then do
say 'Erk! Recs=0?' name fnum clas type records rest
end
if s.name ^= 0 then do
    ku = ku + 1
nar.ku = name
    s.name = 0
f.name = 0
k.name = 0
end
  if ss = 1 then do
f.name = f.name + 1
    kf = kf + 1
k.name = k.name + records
kr = kr + records
end
 end
return

xx:
if db then say 'xx routine entered'
qcls = ' RDR * '
call Qrdr
do i = 1 to 26
   z = substr('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',I,1)
qcls = ' RDR CL ' || z
call Qrdr
end
kf = 0; kr = 0;
do j=1 to ku
   name = nar.j
f.name = 0; k.name = 0;
qcls = ' RDR ' || nar.j
call Qnamx
   qcls = ' PRT ' || nar.j
call Qnamx
   qcls = ' PUN ' || nar.j
call Qnamx
end
signal yy

Qnamx:
   x=cpa('CP QUERY ' || qcls); parse var x . . . . rln .
do rl=1 to rln
x=cpa('R')  /*  read next line from Q N response  */
parse var x garb fnum clas type records rest
      if datatype(records) ^= 'NUM' then iterate
if s.garb ^= 0 then do
         ku = ku + 1
nar.ku = garb
s.garb = 0
end
      f.name = f.name + 1
k.name = k.name + records
      kf = kf + 1; kr = kr + records
end
return

                       --------
Tell:
parse source . . . . . me .
say '        ' me ' < no. > '
say 'displays number of spool files and records allocated by user'
say '(sorted by no. records). Top 19 users (or number specified)'
say 'are displayed.'
exit 100


/* Lynn Wheeler */ /* November 80 */

Greatest Software Ever Written?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Greatest Software Ever Written?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 20:26:44 -0600
Brian Inglis writes:
Compare to something using CMS pipes and Unix-like commands:

'CP Q RDR' | sort +1rn | head -19

With Unix tools, you can knock out "top ten" lists for any resource you can measure in a trice, sometimes using an awk one-liner to summarize numbers.


i have numerous examples similar to that now ...

earliest record that i have to hartmann and cms pipes is in 87 ... 6-7 years after the posted rex example.

earliest customer reference is end of 88 ... from vmshare archives:
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse.cgi?fn=PIPELINE&ft=MEMO

leading up to that, john had done other things like toy ... contribution for John's 50th b'day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#4a John Hartmann's Birthday Party

the above contains abstract of talk John gave at a conference I held mar82.

John's 50th b'day web pages
http://vm.marist.edu/~piper/party/jph-01.html

a few other posts mentioning john
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#33 Over-the-shoulder effect
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#39 System/360 40th Anniversary

old email from john

Date: 07/17/78 17:22:00
To: wheeler

Hi, Lynn. Howi is life in sunny California? I have bben studying the SEPP scheduler a bit to figure out how the various things are computed etc. Rich Kogut said that no-one can understand all of it (maybe except for you) and I tend to agree with him. If you can, please explain about

1. Around statement 301600 the guy who gets compute bound is inserted in the runlist based on a recomputed priority, but VMEPRIOR is re-set to the original priority after he has been inserted. Why does the priority not correspond to where he is in the list? It must screw up the addlist routine.

2. The working set calculation is based on the calculation of max resident pages * max+1 (which is pages squared) which is subtracted from the sum of resident pages at read plus the currently resident pages (I cant decide what the unit of this is: pages times page reads, I think). This is like comparing apples and pears (isnt it). What is the reasoning behind this. Around line 713100.

3. Calculating the delay based on the external user priority certainly keeps the high speed multiply on a 168 busy, but why was it not made as a table look-up? Lines 740100.

Thanks a lot. John Hartmann 17JUL78 17:36 CET.


... snip ... top of post, old email index

Greatest Software Ever Written?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Greatest Software Ever Written?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 20:35:48 -0600
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
John's 50th b'day web pages
http://vm.marist.edu/~piper/party/jph-01.html


one of the things that is strange ... reading the reference web page, john is order than i am.

ref
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#28 Greatest Software Ever Written?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#27 Greatest Software Ever Written?

"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2006 08:13:56 -0600
"Jukka Aho" writes:
I had a fully automated setup where I only needed to select the boards to call from the phone book of a terminal program, go away for a coffee (or whatever), and come back a little bit later to find the Amiga offline and new messages loaded in a message reader. Scripts would handle logon, uploading my reply packet, downloading new messages, checking the file areas for a list of recently uploaded new files, logout, unpacking the new message packet, and, finally, loading it into an offline reader.

part of the early migration to c/s and then to 3-tier ... was moving out of the terminal emulation paradigm. ibm/pcs started to see rapid uptake in business environments because a single desk footprint could both emulate mainframe terminal as well as provide some amount of local interactive computing.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#emulation

we had been doing terminal emulation scripting using mainframe virtual terminal facility ... earlier with parasite/story ... first showed up about the same time as the early rex ...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#28 Greatest Software Ever Written

some of the syntax was similar to rex ... but was completely different. old parasite/story terminal scripting ... a few old parasite/story postings:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#35 Newbie TOPS-10 7.03 question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#73 Computer resources, past, present, and future
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003j.html#24 Red Phosphor Terminal?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#14 were dumb terminals actually so dumb???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005r.html#12 Intel strikes back with a parallel x86 design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#3 PVM protocol documentation found
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#14 Program execution speed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006f.html#37 Over my head in a JES exit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#35 Draft Command Script Processing Manual
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#23 sorting was: The System/360 Model 20 Wasn't As Bad As All That

for some time, there was period that view the components of 3-tier as independent ... this post mentioning project vis-a-vis personal computers ... as alternatives. there is such a discussion in this report about bell labs from the early 80s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#56 AT&T Labs vs. Google Labs - R&D History

from recent thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#28 Greatest Software Ever Written?

one of the rex historical references (gone 404 but lives on at wayback machine)
https://web.archive.org/web/20050309184016/http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/ieee/af_forum/read.cfm?forum=10&id=21&thread=7

from above:
By far the most important influence on the development of Rexx was the availability of the IBM electronic network, called VNET. In 1979, more than three hundred of IBM's mainframe computers, mostly running the Virtual Machine/370 (VM) operating system, were linked by VNET. This store-and-forward network allowed very rapid exchange of messages (chat) and e-mail, and reliable distribution of software. It made it possible to design, develop, and distribute Rexx and its first implementation from one country (the UK) even though most of its users were five to eight time zones distant, in the USA.

... snip ...

i.e. and i've periodically noted that the internal network
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

had nearly 1000 nodes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/internet.htm#22
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#3 Arpa address

compared to possibly 250 nodes at the great arpanet/internet switch from arapnet to internworking protocol on 1/1/83
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#40 Arpa address

the attached email references some evolution of 2-tier operation ... just between "mainframes" ... i.e. typical glass house operation ... like HONE that had been providing world wide online interactive support to all field, marketing, and sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

... and the "project" or "departmental" 43xx machines that were starting to find their way into the branch offices.

Date: 07/06/81 14:50:37
To: wheeler

Hi Lynn,

I've just return from 10 glorious weeks in New York. I had the privilege of attending SRI. Now that I'm back in the trenches I am trying to get caught up on what's been happening in the real world. How did your HyperChannel setup work out? Seems to me that it could be a possible solution for a project I'm working on. If you have a few minutes give me a call or send a message with your ideas to the following:

We are trying to provide central maintenance for VM and VSE to the Customer Support Centers located in about 150 branch offices. Initially I have convinced 14 to work with me to develop the methodology to do so.

The CSCs have 4331 Model Group 2 with 4 meg and will run a VM/VSE environment most of the time if not always. Central maintenence will involve problem determination, PTF application, and component distribution.

The base systems will be generated here and distributed on tape but looking to the future we expect to provide electronic distribution.

My biggest concern is what facility to use for bulk data communications. So far I have agreement from Tampa to use the 56KB SNA backbone, and from SBS to use an undetermined bandwidth (all the cities I selected will have earth stations in the near future). Initially I will use existing 9600 bps lines. If I use conventional TP, I am limited to 56KB due to the 4331 ICA. If I can sell something like the HyperChannel I could take advantage of the satillite's higher speed (cost will be a definite issue).

In any case your ideas will be appreciated. If you think it would be beneficial to get together I can arrange that too. Be talking to you.


... snip ... top of post, old email index, HSDT email

part of the reference in the above is that HSDT (high-speed data transport) project activity had already started ... using initially terrestrial T1 (and non-sna protocol) ... and then adding satellite T1 links (for a while, hsdt even had its own dedicated transponder on sbs4)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt

we even got to be VIPs at the 41D launch for SBS4
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-41D.html
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/41-d/mission-41-d.html
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/41-d/41-d-info.html

so what we started to see progressing (somewhat in parallel) was the proliferation of 2-tier operation between glass house and department/project computers ... and the evolution of terminal emulation PC operation into 2-tier (and client/server) operation.

the proliferation of these two, somewhat independent (2-tier) activities started to then to evolve and coalesce into early, internal 3-tier operations.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#3tier

however, by the time we were starting to make marketing presentations to customer executives on 3-tier ... the SAA effort was moving into full swing ... somewhat directed at trying to contain 2-tier, client/server ... and protect the existing terminal emulation install base as long as possible.

OT - hand-held security

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: OT - hand-held security
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2006 11:03:01 -0600
Alan_Altmark@ibm-main.lst (Alan Altmark) writes:
And, more importantly, change. I know of a large multinational IT company that has a 90-day password change policy, applying to system AND network access. It doesn't close the window completely, of course, but it *does* reduce risk. - How long since I changed my pw did I lose/throw away my smartphone? - How long did it take someone to find it? - How long did it take them to break into it? - How long did it take them to figure out it it was worthwhile to try it?

Polices that suspend network/system access due to inactivity help as well.


passwords and other shared-secrets paradigms
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#secrets

are something you know authentication ... out of the 3-factor authentication model
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#3factor

some number of the tokens are something you have authentication ... but they also use some sort of "secret" to "prove" the possession of a unique object.

the issue in the "secret" paradigms ... is that the threat models involves leakage of the secret (especially when it is stored and used in so many places) and cross-domain exploits ... i.e. passwords and/or secret-based tokens require a unique value for every security domain ... as a countermeasure to entities in one domain attacking another domain, a form of insider attack as opposed to various outsider attacks skimming/harvesting secret.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#harvest

part of the requirement for frequent secret changes is that secrets can leak (guessing, skimming, evesdropping, harvesting) w/o the entities being aware .. and then authentication replay attacks. this can happen with some forms of tokens (like magstripe), which may also be susceptible to evesdropping, skimming, harvesting attacks and the creation of counterfeit token for replay attacks. The issue of a purely something you have token, the person can notice a lost/stolen compromise and report it. However, a guessing, skimming, evesdropping, harvesting compromise might occur w/o the person being aware of it happening.

for cross-domain exploit and other reasons, there has also been a instititional-centric paradigm for hardware tokens ... i.e. each institution issues their own hardware tokens. I've frequently commented that if this were to ever take off ... you then would have one hardware token for every pin/password (which is scores or even on the order of hundred for some people).

I've periodically drawn the analogy with the mid-80s use of unique floppy disks as a DRM paradigm for applications programs ... i.e. appearance of hard disks was evolving installation of applications. There was early use of specially coded floppy disks as a DRM countermeasure to software pirating. If this paradigm ever had a large uptake ... there could be computers with hundreds of associated unique floppy disks (one per application) that the person would have to continually shuffle as they switched between applications. In the case of emerging token use, having a hundred or so tokens stuffed into a (very large) pocket.

As an aside, about the time of the ibm/pc announcement there were some investigation into adding a unique serial number chip to each motherboard and a software licensing paradigm ... similar to mainframe, based on storing the cpu identifier.

there are two-factor authentication schemes using both a pin/password (something you know) and a token (something you have), as a countermeasure to lost/stolen token. the issue here is an assumption that the multiple factors are subject to independent vulnerabilities. however, you find some of the pin/magstripe implementations being vulnerable to a common skimming compromise (i.e. both the magstripe and pin is recorded at the same), invalidating the assumption about independent vulnerabilities.

a similar infrastructure problem showed up with the two-factor chip&pin deployments (with pin as countermeasure to lost/stolen token). the chip would present some static data authentication (as proof of having the unique something you have) and then the infrastructure would ask the token if the correct pin was entered. the attackers would skim the static data (in much the same way that magstripes are being skimmed) and use it to produce a counterfeit yes card. once the static data had been checked by the infrastructure, the chip would be asked some number of additional questions about business processes (like whether the correct pin was entered) ... and, of course, the counterfeit yes card would always answer YES (from where the exploit got its name).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#29 Meccano Trojans coming to a desktop near you
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#29 DDA cards may address the UK Chip&Pin woes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#32 DDA cards may address the UK Chip&Pin woes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#4 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?

Again there wasn't an independent vulnerbility for the PIN entry ... and independent exploit assumptions regarding multi-factor authentication was no longer valid.

a few past posts discussing enabling token person-centric infrastructure as an alternative to institution-centric infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#49 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#52 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#7 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#47 Maximum RAM and ROM for smartcards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#57 Security via hardware?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#37 public key authentication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#6 Innovative password security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#25 Hi-tech no panacea for ID theft woes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005t.html#28 RSA SecurID product
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#26 RSA SecurID product
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006d.html#41 Caller ID "spoofing"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#20 Gen 2 EPC Protocol Approved as ISO 18000-6C

SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2006 11:19:35 -0600
kkt writes:
I agree that the reason more kids were interested in going to college is that more and more decent jobs decided to only hire college grads, even when the job doesn't actually require anything they learned there. Quite a waste, really.

there was a big deal made in the early to mid-80s about Japanese companies setting up operations here in the US, finding that they had to require a minimum of junior college degree in order to get what they were use to in high school level graduates.

thread reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#21 SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#23 SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#24 SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#25 SAT Reading and Math Scores Show Decline

"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2006 13:20:28 -0600
appended is another project/departmental reference from the early 80s ... similar to the 150 4331s for US branch offices mentioned in (from long ago and far away)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#31 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

this is for european branch offices and is referred to as BOIS ... involving 4341s in EMEA (europe, middle east, and africa) branch offices.

the bois/ddp represents another emerging 2-tier paradigm with project/departmental computers moving out into the branch offices (but operated, supported, maintained, and interconnected into old style glass house operation).

some of the services were an adjunct to HONE ... the internal world-wide online interactive system for field, sales, and marketing started in the early 70s with cp67/cms systems.

a few other past posts mentioning departmental and/or distributed computer stuff
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#23 Alpha vs. Itanic: facts vs. FUD
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#2 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#7 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#4 IBM Mainframe at home
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#52 Bettman Archive in Trouble
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#30 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#4 HONE, ****, misc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003d.html#64 IBM was: VAX again: unix
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003n.html#46 What makes a mainframe a mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003o.html#24 Tools -vs- Utility
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004.html#46 DE-skilling was Re: ServerPak Install via QuickLoad Product
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004j.html#57 Monster(ous) sig (was Re: Vintage computers are better
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004k.html#23 US fiscal policy (Was: Bob Bemer, Computer Pioneer,Father of
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#71 will there every be another commerically signficant new ISA?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#49 Secure design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#12 IBM's mini computers--lack thereof
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#27 X.509 and ssh
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#56 AT&T Labs vs. Google Labs - R&D History

from long ago and far away ...

Date: 9/12/82
From: wheeler
Subject: VM Trip 6/19 to 7/29

This summer I visited four European locations to review VM/370 use and teach VM/370 classes. The locations were Orleans France, Zurich Switzerland, Stockholm Sweden, and Boeblingen Germany. In addition, on the return trip, I stopped in London and visited a couple UK locations, gave a talk to a group of UK SEs, and made a customer call at Imperial College.

The locations represent a wide diversity in load, purpose, configuration, and users. In spite of this, there was a large commonality in the problems they face.

I spent two weeks at Orleans, France teaching a one week VM/370 internals course and reviewing their system and projects for a week. I had already taught the VM/370 internals course in San Jose the week prior to going to Europe. The San Jose class included 8-10 people from IBM education who are in the process of developing an official IBM VM/370 internal class. I also traveled to Paris and gave an one hour VM/370 introduction to some IBM France executives.

Orleans France is the DP administrative headquarters for IBM France. It has a large DP machine room complex running several large systems. Except for a 168AP, all the systems are MVS (and among other things the AAS system for IBM France is located here). The VM 168AP system is used primarily for the delivery of a single data base inquiry application to IBM Branch offices in France and EMEA headquarters in Paris. The application is referred to as BOIS (branch office information system ... unfortunately there are also a number of different things around in the States which are also referred to as BOIS) and is a high level inquiry application interface allowing complex queries to be performed against the information in the AAS data base. Every evening the complete IBM France AAS data base is copied from the MVS system to various CMS minidisks. The BOIS applications are built on the APL/DI product.

BOIS was initially a pilot application project done by IBM France, but intended for eventual used throughout IBM Europe. It has been operational for less than a year, but the 168AP is already severely overloaded. To help ease the problem, a 158AP was in the process of being installed while I was there.

Follow on plans for BOIS call for the migration of the application to a group of distributed 4341s. These 4341s would also be used to deliver other types of data processing applications to the branch offices (electronic mail, text processing, etc.). This project is referred to as DDP (distributed data processing) and several machines will be initially installed in one machine room (near the Orly airport) to implement the pilot.

The current BOIS implementation is extremely CPU intensive even though it is a large data base application. On the current 168AP, under peak load, response time for inquiries can run to 30 minutes or more. In the case of the execution of a single BOIS virtual machine, over 90% of the elapsed time is spent in CPU consumption. To significantly improve the performance of the application will require the CPU consumption to be drastically reduced. The CPU requirements of BOIS will have to be reduced by at least 70-80 percent before I/O activity begins to represent a significant resource bottleneck.

The new 158AP VM system for BOIS will share some of the same packs as the 168AP. Since the available CPU is being increased by less than 30%, the increase in I/O loading on the shared packs will not be significant. The proposed BOIS-DDP plan will further minimize the possibility of I/O activity becoming a critical bottleneck. Only a subset of the total AAS data will be present on a particular 4341 (only the data for the branch offices using that machine). There will be fewer requests against the files on each drive, and the size of the files will be smaller (requiring less search time/IOs to process each request).

Eventually the BOIS application will be in use all over Europe. The total amount of people time spent using BOIS will become quite significant. Even relative insignificant improvements in BOIS performance will represent large people time savings for the IBM company. Using this as a justification, it should be feasible to create a project to optimize the efficiency of the BOIS application. The major portion of the BOIS application is APL/DI. Without knowing anything about the APL/DI implementation, I can suggest a couple possible areas that might result in major CPU consumption reductions.

The HONE system in the States is heavily dependent on APL applications for most of their services. They have discovered that what is taught as good APL coding techniques (short, one to ten line programs) represent extremely bad performing applications (the majority of the CPU time is spent in the APL supervisor linkage routines). Factors of five or more in performance improvement have been achieved by performance optimization of critical APL applications (replacing 1-10 line programs with 30-50 line programs). Another possibility is to recode high use functions in assembler or PLS and use one of the numerous APL exit routines to call compiled, machine-language code.

The BOIS-DDP project has a requirement to develop new support (a problem being faced by a large number of other VM-DDP projects, both inside and outside the company),

• remote machines w/o on-site DP-professionals (only IBM SEs and salesman)
• hardware communication capabilities
• software communication facilities
• distributed data base support
• remote application


... snip ... top of post, old email index, HONE email

Metroliner telephone article

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Metroliner telephone article
Newsgroups: misc.transport.rail.americas,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 01 Sep 2006 09:57:46 -0600
hancock4 writes:
In 1981 adding real-time connectivity between computers and to terminal users attached to those computers was quite expensive. It was doable but expensive. That meant it was a tough cost-justification to give someone such on-line capability. As the cost of electronics came down and the power went up, more people afford (or their employer could afford) to get on-line.

slightly related posts on online, and evolution of 2-tier and 3-tier paradigms
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#31 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#34 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

i remember in the early 70s doing a HONE-clone install in la defense as part of EMEA hdqtrs moving from US to Paris ... and having a devil of a time finding access to email back in the states
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

one of the problems identified in the early 80s allowing email access from hotels supporting portable terminals/PCs ... was vulnerability study of hotel PBXs and as a result having to mandating special built encrypting modems.

"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 01 Sep 2006 12:23:26 -0600
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#31 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#34 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

another item from long ago and far away in the 2-tier/3-tier topic drift
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#3tier

Date: 02/15/82 15:03:33
To: wheeler

xxxxxx, ibm france i/s, told me to contact you about the following subject:

-we are presently studying a distributed data processing system, including 370 and 43xx systems, based on vm/cms, with the following characteristics:

-control of the whole system from a central vm system, including ipl and message processing, using the remote operator console and programmable operator facilities.

-control, from the central system, of the distribution and use of general applications, including the release and implementation of new program releases and the periodical delivery of updated data files.

-access from one remote location to applications running in the central system or any other remote system, using a signon user interface, to be designed.

any information about the above topics, including technical publications and refences of similar existing systems would be of great help for us. thank you for your help

yyyyyyyyy
IBM SAINTE-MARIE SAINT-JEAN-DE-BRAYE (FRANCE) - TELEX: FSIK


... snip ... top of post, old email index, HSDT email

chip performance ... from long ago and far away

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: chip performance ... from long ago and far away
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2006 08:47:56 -0600
chip performance from long ago and far away

Date: Sun, 9 Jul 89 14:11:59 EST
From: wheeler
Subject: chip performance

Most recent publication of MIPS (july '89, v1n7) has several very interesting articles.

Main features are:

34      The Zenight Z-386/33
40      Open Look
46      RISC Workstations: An Update and Comparison
52      The Core of RISC Workstations
60      On CISC, RISC, Caches, and Clones

On page 49 is a table which I've abstracted some info from (I'm only
giving the double precision numbers):

                  Drystones-2   Whetstones   Linpack     price
dhry/sec      kwhet/sec    mflops      $

Apollo DN10000    23607         13000        4.568       $94,900
w/1 cpu
DECstation 3100   13330         10000        1.36        $11,900
DG AViiON         32256         5703         .85
Everex 8820       37236         9045         .853        $14,995
HP 90000-835      21772         -            1.685       $59,500
MIPS RS2030       27760         10500        1.692       $14,000
SUN Sparc1        20000         4964         1.364

A box near the end of the article (pg. 50):

-------------------------------------------------------------------
A Glimpse of the R3000/R3010

The host system for the MIPS computer Systems RS2030 RISCstation we tested is a RISComputer M/20000 network server with a 20-MHz R3000 and R3010 combination. As part of the effort to get our benchmarks compiled and running on the RS2030, we executed them on the RISComputer.

Although these tests were informal, optimized code yielded results of 20,000 KWhetsontes for single-precision and over 40,000 Dhrystones. Sony has announced its intention to build an R3000-based machine, and DEC, Silicon Graphics, and MIPS Computer Systems are likely candidates to follow suit. If such a workstation can approach the M/2000 network server's results, it will be as fast as or faster than any workstation we have yet tested. ----------------------------------------------------------------------

In a number of recent magazine articles, there have been numerous statements that effectively net to:

486 will run Dhrystones three times faster than 386 at same clock speed.

386 at 25Mhz is about 12,000 Dhrystones
386 at 33Mhz is expected to be 15,840 Dhrystones
486 at 33Mhz is expected to be 48k Dhrystones

Am29000 at 25Mhz is about 42k Dhrystones

Motorola 88000 is slightly faster than the 486 running at the same clock speed.


... snip ... top of post, old email index

Hackers steal AT&T customer data

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Hackers steal AT&T customer data
Newsgroups: alt.security
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2006 09:08:30 -0600
misc. update
Data from AT&T Data Break-In Just the Tip of the Iceberg
http://www.realtechnews.com/posts/3444
AT&T Crack One Part Of Attack
http://www.securitypronews.com/news/securitynews/spn-45-20060901ATTCrackOnePartOfAttack.html
AT&T Hack Part of Larger ID Theft Scam - 19,000 accounts 'immediately' used in phishing attempt
http://www.broadbandreports.com/shownews/77794


somewhat related article
List of Data Breach Notices Lengthening
http://computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=hardware&articleId=9002962&taxonomyId=12


a few recent posts looking at threat model and countermeasures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#8 SSL, Apache 2 and RSA key size
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#9 New airline security measures in Europe
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#18 19,000 Accounts Compromised
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#32 OT - hand-held security

"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2006 15:14:25 -0600
ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#31 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#34 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#36 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

other activity from long ago and far away in the 2-tier/3-tier evolution. SJR had a project to build experimental clustered vm/cms system, in part in support of other research activity:

Date: 11/24/80 07:32:32
From: wheeler

do you know any good vm people who might be interested in coming to s.j. research to work on vm related projects??? There are openings for 3 people this year & several more opening up next year. Currently looking at installing 3 148s on the same floor with shared dasd, hyperchannel, & tp. Looking at distributed computing, distributed data base, reliable computing, cp file system, and networking. There are probably several other "sins" which will be thrown in under the umbrella once it gets going.

The 3 148s are for experimental work in computer science.


... snip ... top of post, old email index

Date: 11/24/80 08:46:33
From: wheeler

Will try and get together a project description & job description. There will be several groups of people working on/with the machines & system. R* is a (distributed) system R follow on (VM/CMS relational data base).

System D is a distributed data base system currently using multiple series 1 with shared dasd & some special hardware. They are now interested to moving to 370 (& vm).

Several people are also interested working on "single system" image for VM (ala HONE systems) but with shared spool additions, "paging" out all control blocks & paging them back in on a different CPU (this work includes interest from STL & probably working with groups outside of SJR). Also a group looking at a CP file system (PAM with cp dynamically allocating blocks).


... snip ... top of post, old email index, HONE email

system/r website:
http://www.mcjones.org/System_R/

lot of past posts mentioning system/r, original relational/sql implementation, done on vm/cms platform
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr

misc. past posts mentioning "pam" &/or memory mapped file system
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#mmap

misc. past posts mentioning HONE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

misc. past posts mentioning hsdt &/or hyperchannel
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt

later we were to do ha/cmp product
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2006 15:30:57 -0600
ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#31 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#34 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#36 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#39 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

another from long ago and far away in the evolution into 2-tier/3-tier

Date: 01/28/81 08:37:19
From: wheeler

re: 4341 vs. 3033 question; There is an Micro Design System (MDS) group that provides services to GPD engineers on an MVS 3033 (it is an almost self contained environment). They have just about converted MDS to run under CMS. The plan is to offer MDS service on several distributed VM/4341s connected to a MVS via the network. The central machine would still be used to maintain the (very large) data base on MSS. Individuals would "check-out" source from the central library (that logically happens today so the additions have to be the network routing), operate on it for several hours/days, and then return it to the central site. Project was justified for several reasons.

1) multiple 4341s to provide same level of service as one 3033 is cheaper.

2) desire to go to a distributed computing. Project demand for MDS thru 1985 is larger than any conceivable no. of 3033s, 168s, etc. that GPD would be able to acquire (not to mention the housing problem).

3) Total people & project costs when the current central 3033 went down justified multiple "front-end" machines. Users that had their programs already checked out would be able to continue working.

4. GPD has just completed a TSO interactive user study. The results very closely follows a number of earlier reports on VM from YKT. Any system response in excess of at least .5 seconds (YKT has been able to measure it down to somewhere in the area of .25-.30 seconds) there is a degradation in people response. Non-immediate system response appears to upset people's thought processes in some way. Any slow down in system response is matched by an equivalent slow done in human response (total slowdown in productivity is twice the system degradation). The same effect was measured in comparing local 327x performance with remote 327x performance. Moving the 4341s out to the engineers allows many remote 327x terminals to be replaced by local 327x terminals.


... snip ... top of post, old email index

part of the above was with respect to TSO not being able to practically achieve sub-second response. The 4341/3033 comparison was relatively easily being able to acquire collections of 4341 that would provide more aggregate throughput than 3033 (at lower cost).

some number of locations would scavenge departmental supply rooms and/or conference rooms for deploying 4341s.

part of this is evolution of two-tier server/mainframe operations ... between datacenter and distributed servers (4341s) ... somewhat preceeding two-tier client/server ... which then evolves into 3-tier
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#3tier

collected past posts mentioning working with bldg 14 (disk engineering) and bldg 15 (disk product test)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

misc. past posts mentioning 4341/3033 comparisons:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#3 What is an IBM 137/148 ???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#7 IBM S/360
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#83 Is a VAX a mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#7 4341 was "Is a VAX a mainframe?"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#12 4341 was "Is a VAX a mainframe?"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#82 "all-out" vs less aggressive designs (was: Re: 36 to 32 bit transition)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#57 Why not an IBM zSeries workstation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#69 Z/90, S/390, 370/ESA (slightly off topic)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#3 YKYGOW...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#32 mainframe question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#39 195 was: Computer Typesetting Was: Movies with source code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#7 IBM Mainframe at home
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#8 Is AMD doing an Intel?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#22 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#23 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#58 IBM S/370-168, 195, and 3033
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#59 IBM S/370-168, 195, and 3033
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#63 Help me find pics of a UNIVAC please
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003f.html#56 ECPS:VM DISPx instructions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#22 303x, idals, dat, disk head settle, and other rambling folklore
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#20 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#10 Complex Instructions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#17 mainframe and microprocessor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004n.html#14 360 longevity, was RISCs too close to hardware?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004n.html#50 Integer types for 128-bit addressing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004o.html#57 Integer types for 128-bit addressing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#34 increasing addressable memory via paged memory?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#4 System/360; Hardwired vs. Microcoded
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005n.html#11 Code density and performance?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#1 Intel engineer discusses their dual-core design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#19 address space
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005q.html#30 HASP/ASP JES/JES2/JES3
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005q.html#38 Intel strikes back with a parallel x86 design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#22 MVCIN instruction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#40 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#44 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#48 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#28 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#34 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#39 another blast from the past
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#33 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#41 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#2 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#18 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#27 Old Hashing Routine
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#37 Curiosity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#0 DASD Response Time (on antique 3390?)

Device Authentication - The answer to attacks lauched using stolen passwords?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Device Authentication - The answer to attacks lauched using stolen passwords?
Newsgroups: alt.computer.security,comp.security.misc,alt.security
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2006 19:04:20 -0600
Sebastian Gottschalk writes:
What about a working TMPs first? Just imagine some chip engineer with a huge mathematical but no cryptographic background actually followed the specification exactly, then he wouldn't have corrected key<<1024 to key%(1<<1024) and the entire security would be reduced from 1024 to 1 bit; well, if the chip actually worked at all, because with such a specification just a working initialization would be a miracle.

Anyway, they're right. With such a criticial cryptographic device like a TPM you need an absolutely trustworthy operating system in control of that device, so Windows, especially the new one with kernel-integrated and non-removable DRM is totally out of business for such a job.


there was an activity that looked at chip for the original ibm/pc (back in the days of acorn) as a countermeasure to software piracy .... to implement software licensing for specific machines ... similar to what was common for mainframe software licensing ... recent post mentioning
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#32 OT - hand-held security

however, nothing came of the anti-privacy activity at that time.

slightly related thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#0 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#1 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#2 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#3 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#4 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#5 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#6 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#7 Crypto to defend chip IP: snake oil or good idea?

old hypervisor email

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: old hypervisor email
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 03 Sep 2006 08:07:49 -0600
from long ago and far away.

Date: 11/21/80 08:18:18
To: wheeler
From: somebody in Endicott

On our previous subject . . . yes, I think you should contact Dr. Bill Worley. He has 801, new interactive software and some low end processors. He may be a bit circumspect because of security, but he's probably the right person to start with.

Thanks alot for the description of Amdahl Corp's new machine. If you receive any other information I would like to receive a copy.

Amdahl's idea of "macrocode", at least the way you describe it, is a very good one. I say it's a good one because we've been pushing to try it for years. The idea is to recognize that S/370 assmebler language could be subset, logically, and allow a performance improvement. FOr example, the machine could assume the software had no bugs in it. Or the machine could assume only "simple" instructions would be used (e.g. no overlapped moves, no MVCLs or CLCLs, no TRTs, etc.). Doing that would create another state of machine execution. It also admits to another "implementation technology" in the machine (circuitry, microcode and BALcode).

An example would be the hypervisor function of CP/370. That should be "in the machine" but there's obviously no reason to rewrite the whole program into 4341 microcode. That one has been a dream of mine for quite some time.


... snip ... top of post, old email index

obviously, email was before Worley left for hplabs, misc refs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#39 What happens if CR's are directly changed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#1 About TLB in lower-level caches
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#67 How the Pentium Fell Short of a 360/195

there was project to replace the wide variety of corporate microprocessors with 801s, including the microcoded engines used in the low-end and mid-range 370s. misc. collected posts mentioning 801
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801

misc. past posts mentioning macrocode:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#44 Linux paging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#48 Linux paging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#9 Mainframe System Programmer/Administrator market demand?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#56 Wild hardware idea
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#59 Misuse of word "microcode"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#60 Misuse of word "microcode"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#24 Description of a new old-fashioned programming language
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#14 Multicores
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#29 Documentation for the New Instructions for the z9 Processor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#40 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#43 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#48 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#38 blast from the past ... macrocode
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#9 Mainframe Jobs Going Away
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#32 Code density and performance?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#35 Code density and performance?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#39 Using different storage key's

eventually PR/SM was produced for the 3090 and has since evolved into the current LPARs (logical partitions). post related to SIE, sort of leading up to pr/sm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#27 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#44 Any resources on VLIW?

lots of past posts mentioning PR/SM and/or LPARs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#45 Why can't more CPUs virtualize themselves?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#57 Reliability and SMPs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#191 Merced Processor Support at it again
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#8 Computer of the century
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#63 Mainframe operating systems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#86 Ux's good points.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#50 VM (not VMS or Virtual Machine, the IBM sort)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#51 VM (not VMS or Virtual Machine, the IBM sort)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#52 VM (not VMS or Virtual Machine, the IBM sort)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#61 VM (not VMS or Virtual Machine, the IBM sort)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#62 VM (not VMS or Virtual Machine, the IBM sort)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#8 IBM Linux
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#50 Does the word "mainframe" still have a meaning?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#68 Does the word "mainframe" still have a meaning?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#76 Is a VAX a mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#20 Is Al Gore The Father of the Internet?^
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#78 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#3 virtualizable 360, was TSS ancient history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#34 Competitors to SABRE?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#72 Z/90, S/390, 370/ESA (slightly off topic)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#67 Pentium 4 Prefetch engine?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001e.html#5 SIMTICS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001e.html#61 Estimate JCL overhead
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#17 Accounting systems ... still in use? (Do we still share?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#23 MERT Operating System & Microkernels
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#2 Alpha: an invitation to communicate
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#33 D
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#24 mainframe question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#38 CMS under MVS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#17 CM-5 Thinking Machines, Supercomputers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#26 Open Architectures ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#31 Hercules etc. IBM not just missing a great opportunity...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#32 Hercules etc. IBM not just missing a great opportunity...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#44 PDP-10 Archive migration plan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002c.html#53 VAX, M68K complex instructions (was Re: Did Intel Bite Off More Than It Can Chew?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#31 2 questions: diag 68 and calling convention
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#25 Crazy idea: has it been done?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#75 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#6 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#57 IBM competes with Sun w/new Chips
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#6 Tweaking old computers?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#27 why does wait state exist?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002n.html#28 why does wait state exist?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#0 Home mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#15 Home mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#16 Home mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#18 Everything you wanted to know about z900 from IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#4 Running z/VM 4.3 in LPAR & guest v-r or v=f
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#40 Linux paging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#44 Linux paging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#45 Linux paging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#46 Linux paging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#48 Linux paging
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#54 Newbie: Two quesions about mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#55 Running z/VM 4.3 in LPAR & guest v-r or v=f
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002q.html#26 LISTSERV Discussion List For USS Questions?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#9 Mainframe System Programmer/Administrator market demand?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#14 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#15 vax6k.openecs.org rebirth
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003.html#56 Wild hardware idea
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003c.html#41 How much overhead is "running another MVS LPAR" ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003f.html#56 ECPS:VM DISPx instructions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#9 What is timesharing, anyway?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003l.html#12 Why are there few viruses for UNIX/Linux systems?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003l.html#41 Secure OS Thoughts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003m.html#32 SR 15,15 was: IEFBR14 Problems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003m.html#37 S/360 undocumented instructions?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003n.html#13 CPUs with microcode ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003n.html#29 Architect Mainframe system - books/guidenance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003o.html#52 Virtual Machine Concept
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004b.html#58 Oldest running code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#4 OS Partitioning and security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#5 PSW Sampling
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#6 Memory Affinity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#26 The attack of the killer mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#28 The attack of the killer mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004f.html#47 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#15 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004k.html#37 Wars against bad things
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004k.html#43 Vintage computers are better than modern crap !
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#41 EAL5
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#49 EAL5
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004n.html#10 RISCs too close to hardware?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004o.html#13 Integer types for 128-bit addressing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004o.html#32 What system Release do you use... OS390? z/os? I'm a Vendor S
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004p.html#37 IBM 3614 and 3624 ATM's
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#18 PR/SM Dynamic Time Slice calculation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#72 IUCV in VM/CMS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#76 Athlon cache question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#6 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#5 Relocating application architecture and compiler support
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#56 intel's Vanderpool and virtualization in general
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#59 Misuse of word "microcode"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#70 Virtual Machine Hardware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#74 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#45 Moving assembler programs above the line
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#59 Where should the type information be: in tags and descriptors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#13 Today's mainframe--anything to new?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#19 Blowing My Own Horn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#24 Description of a new old-fashioned programming language
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005j.html#16 Performance and Capacity Planning
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005j.html#19 Performance and Capacity Planning
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#35 Determining processor status without IPIs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#43 Determining processor status without IPIs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#49 Determining processor status without IPIs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#25 PKI Crypto and VSAM RLS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#26 ESCON to FICON conversion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#16 CPU time and system load
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005n.html#12 Code density and performance?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#14 Multicores
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#29 Documentation for the New Instructions for the z9 Processor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#38 storage key question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005r.html#42 winscape?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#23 winscape?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#36 Filemode 7-9?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#40 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#43 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#48 POWER6 on zSeries?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#17 {SPAM?} DCSS as SWAP disk for z/Linux
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#31 Is VIO mandatory?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#38 blast from the past ... macrocode
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#1 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#9 Mainframe Jobs Going Away
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#15 About TLB in lower-level caches
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#30 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#27 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#29 How to implement Lpars within Linux
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#33 How to implement Lpars within Linux
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#35 Code density and performance?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#19 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#22 Virtual Virtualizers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#23 Virtual Virtualizers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#25 Mainframe Linux Mythbusting (Was: Using Java in batch on z/OS?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#43 One or two CPUs - the pros & cons
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#19 Mainframe Linux Mythbusting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#39 Using different storage key's
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#10 Not Your Dad's Mainframe: Little Iron
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#42 Why is zSeries so CPU poor?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#27 oops
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#38 hardware virtualization slower than software?

Slow-Going For Next-Generation Threat-Scoring System

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Slow-Going For Next-Generation Threat-Scoring System
Newsgroups: alt.computer.security
Date: Sun, 03 Sep 2006 09:14:37 -0600
Slow-Going For Next-Generation Threat-Scoring System - CVSS, NIAC, Cisco, symantec, Microsoft, ISS, eBay
http://www.crn.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192500468


... from above ...
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) aims to provide a standard way of assessing security flaws to combat the confusion that sometimes stems from proprietary systems. But because CVSS relies on widespread industry adoption, the timetable for it reaching its goals depends on who you talk to.

... snip ... somewhat related old posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#43 security taxonomy and CVE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#20 buffer overruns

Materiel and graft

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Materiel and graft
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 03 Sep 2006 12:51:41 -0600
Brian Inglis writes:

1971  Xerox PARC EARS (Ethernet, Alto, Research character generator,
Scanned laser output terminal) laser printer
1976  IBM 3800 mainframe datacentre (@ Woolworth)
1977  Xerox 9700 mainframe datacentre
1979  IBM 6670 departmental office (copier sized)
1982  Canon LBP-10 (desktop)
1984  HP LaserJet
1985  Apple LaserWriter

in fact, 6670 could be considered a (ibm) copier3 with computer interface. it did inherit "duplex" (being able to print on both sides) from copier3. 6670 formater started out being a flavor of (cms) script ... originally done at the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

recent ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#27 What part of z/OS is the OS?

and where gml was invented (precursor to sgml, html, xml, etc)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#sgml

some number of people at sjr worked on sherpa enhancement to 6670 and then later, adding postscript support to sherpa (at least one of the people on the project, left and went to adobe).

note on adobe postscript
http://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/postscript_is_20.pdf

from long ago and far away ...

Date: 03/04/82 10:26-PM
From: somebody in san jose
To: somebody at boulder
CC: wheeler

Lynn Wheeler forwarded me your mail about the Boulder satelite link.

We have a joint project between two departments here in San Jose Research which is building a 6670 laser printer/copier/scanner. I should rather say that we are adding a scanner to the Boulder built 6670 laser printer/copier. My involvement is that we have built an APA (all points addressable) control unit for the 6670 for printing arbitrarily complex pages. We call it SHERPA. In fact, we installed a copy of our controller in Boulder in December.

It has a 1M byte storage that hold a complete page image for printing. It is serialized and sent to the 6670 at a 10Mhz data rate (the 6670 laser speed). When we were designing the printer we also made allowances for the hardware to run "backward", taking a 10Mhz signal and filling the page image storage. Another group headed by zzzzz San Jose Research, has modified a 6670 to allow the laser to scan the toned photoconductor drum. We can dump the image into our full page bit image storage.

One experiment that could be done with this high-speed scanner is to use it as a "remote copier". One could put one on each end of a high-speed data link and scan on one machine, transmit to the other and print on it. It is conceivable that this could be done at 35 pages/minute.

We currently have a 56KB link between our SHERPA control unit and our 3033 host. On that bisync link it takes us 2 minutes to transmit a full page (uncompressed) bit image of a page. While that is not the mode for which we designed SHERPA it none-the-less supports it. We designed it to behave more like a photocomposer, taking coded character information with font selections and variable (flexible) spacing. The SHERPA also supports including images with the printed text and, in fact, the images can be as large as the whole page, providing the facimile like capability.

What I would envision is encoding the scanned image inside the SHERPA, itself, to reduce the data from roughly 670,000 bytes/page to maybe 100,000 bytes. These would be sent to the 3033 host to be transmitted to the remote site. There the process would be reversed to form the printed image. Since we already have a SHERPA in Boulder and in fact are modifying a second 6670 for the manager of Boulder printer products, zzzzzzz, for Boulder experimentation, it would be the ideal set up for a high-speed link to demonstrate such a system. I would envision a link from host VM to VM. If it were 56KB and we could get a compression ratio of 4 to 1 or better with a simple algorithm, we could send about 2 pages/minute. One could possibly do much better.

I am typing this at home just before bedtime so am not too sure if it is very easy to read, but will send it on anyway. If you would like to discuss this further please call me. You may also wish to look at the SHERPA there: contact zzzzzz or zzzzz. They have the SHERPA set up in Bldg. 22 (print only).

I would imagine that zzzzz would give this kind of project some support. This is one way to make the 6670 do what the TV commercials show it doing.


... snip ... top of post, old email index

misc. past posts mentioning 3800 and/or 6670
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#42 Enter fonts (was Re: Unix case-sensitivity: how did it originate?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#43 Enter fonts (was Re: Unix case-sensitivity: how did it originate?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#52 Enter fonts (was Re: Unix case-sensitivity: how did it originate?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#29 20th March 2000
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#81 Coloured IBM DASD
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#1 What good and old text formatter are there ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#50 IBM 705 computer manual
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#5 New IBM history book out
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#31 Hercules etc. IBM not just missing a great opportunity...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#8 Security Proportional to Risk (was: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#52 Spotting BAH Claims to Fame
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#7 disk write caching (was: ibm icecube -- return of
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#12 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#42 MVS 3.8J and NJE via CTC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002m.html#50 Microsoft's innovations [was:the rtf format]
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002m.html#52 Microsoft's innovations [was:the rtf format]
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#24 IBM Selectric as printer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#29 6670
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003c.html#43 Early attempts at console humor?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#45 text character based diagrams in technical documentation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#52 dissassembled code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#1 Oldest running code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#13 JSX 328x printing (portrait)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#17 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#18 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004k.html#48 Xah Lee's Unixism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#61 Shipwrecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#25 360POO
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#34 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#48 1403 printers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#51 1403 printers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#52 1403 printers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#54 1403 printers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#58 Book on computer architecture for beginners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#0 Book on computer architecture for beginners
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005r.html#29 Job seperators
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#20 Seeking Info on XDS Sigma 7 APL
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#48 Hey! Keep Your Hands Out Of My Abstraction Layer!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#0 The System/360 Model 20 Wasn't As Bad As All That
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#4 The System/360 Model 20 Wasn't As Bad As All That

what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 07:57:41 -0600
ltsai85613@ibm-main.lst (Tsai Laurence) writes:
I am confused that the difference between LF & NL ? It seems both will get the printer prints the document on next line . Can anybody advise me ?

from rfc index
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/rfcietff.htm

summary rfc 318 telnet protocol
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/rfcidx1.htm#318
318
[Ad hoc Telnet Protocol], Postel J., 1972/04/03 (23pp) (.txt=34928) (Updated by 435) (Updates 158) (Ref'ed By 739, 750, 755, 758, 762, 770)


clicking on the ".txt=" field in rfc summary retrieves the actual rfc

from rfc 318 ...
Telnet defines the end of a line to be indicated by the ASCII character pair CR LR. Several of the real devices in the world have only a single new line (NL) function. Several of the computer systems have in some programs used the CR and LF functions to have semantic meaning larger than the format effect they provide. Further, several computer systems allow the CR and LF functions to be used separately (e.g., such that a line may be overprinted). One problem, for those Telnet (user) programs required to map the NVT into a device which only has a NL function, is how is the CR LF to be dealt with. One solution is to examine the character following the CR. If an LF is found, then perform the NL function; if anything else is found then back space to the beginning of the line. Another problem is the case of a computer system which locally uses period, ".", to cause the new line function and which uses, in some programs, CR and LF for semantically significant operations. Suppose the user Telnet sends the sequence CR LF. Does this mean "new line" or the "CR operation" followed by the "LF operation "? A solution to this problem it to require that Telnet programs send a CR NOT intended to be part of a CR LF pair as a CR NUL pair. Then the receiving program can always hold a CR and examine the next character to determine if a new line function is intended. This solution is strongly recommended.

... and ..


Line Feed (LF)        10      Moves the printer to next line (keeping
the same horizontal position).

Carriage Return (CR)  13      Moves the printer to the left margin
                              of the current line.

"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 09:11:03 -0600
krw writes:
300Gb/sec isn't enough for a $30 disk drive now. SATA is 1.5/3.0Gb/sec and that's dedicated to a single drive.

one of the things that serial has tended to do is have pair of unidirectional asynchronous connections ... which has helped with various kinds of command and data transfer latencies (more than just the raw bandwidth ... but asynchronous processing allowed more asynchronous overlapping for latency compensation).

both FCS (fiber channel standard) and SCI (scallable coherent interface) provided for asynchronous operation.

circa 1990, 9333s had 80mbit/sec serial copper ... basically doing asynchronous SCSI commands over the serial interfaces ... to potentially a drawer of drives. a single drive was somewhat better than a signle drive scsi ... but four drive configuration had significantly higher aggregate thruput than four drive scsi configuration (in large part because of the asynchronous processing). this eventually evolved into 160mbit SSA (Serial Storage Architecture), i.e. it was so much raw data transfer ... but also minimized latencies by allowing asynchronous operation.

minor reference from long ago and far away
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13 SSA

old news article from 1998

SSA technology breaks 3000 IO bottlenecks
http://www.3000newswire.com/subscribers/SSAPrimer.html

from above:
Serial SCSI is the industry's answer to IO problems. In the early 90s, IBM recognized that they not only had to make disks faster, they had to make the interface smarter. They invented and patented two new SCSI interfaces: FibreChannel and SSA. Both use the SCSI command set and are open ANSI standards. Since no vendor yet offers a fibre-channel solution for HP 3000s, this article will discuss the merits of incorporating SSA technology.

... snip ...

part of above may be slightly misstated. 80mbit serial copper was done by Hursley lab (which evolved into SSA).

FCS was different. It was being backed by LLNL ... they had a non-blocking serial copper switch in the mid-80s that they were trying to standardized with 1gbit fiber (fiber channel standard). FCS can also be used for processor-to-processor communication (i.e. tcp/ip can ride on FCS in addition to SCSI commands riding on FCS).

One of the Austin engineers had taken some fiber technology that had been knocking around POK since the 70s ... and enhanced it to run about ten percent faster and use much less expensive optical drivers. The old-time version eventually came out of POK as mainframe "ESCON". The enhanced version came out for the RS/6000 as SLA (serial link adapter). The engineer wanted to then followup with a (proprietary) 800mbit version of SLA. We spent six months convincing him to drop the proprietary effort and instead get involved with the FCS standardization effort (where he became the document editor for the standard).

misc. past posts mentioning FCS, SCI, SSA, SLA, etc.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#15 tcp/ip
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#30 Drive letters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#56 Does the word "mainframe" still have a meaning?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#59 Does the word "mainframe" still have a meaning?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#68 Does the word "mainframe" still have a meaning?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#14 FW: RS6000 vs IBM Mainframe
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#31 OT?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#12 Small IBM shops
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#18 Disk caching and file systems. Disk history...people forget
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#46 Small IBM shops
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#69 Block oriented I/O over IP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001e.html#22 High Level Language Systems was Re: computer books/authors (Re: FA:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#11 Climate, US, Japan & supers query
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#23 OT - Internet Explorer V6.0
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#22 ESCON Channel Limits
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#25 ESCON Data Transfer Rate
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#7 Bus & Tag, possible length/distance?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#32 What goes into a 3090?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#6 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#7 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#11 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#33 ESCON Distance Limitations - Why ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#78 Q: Is there any interest for vintage Byte Magazines from 1983
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#15 Unisys A11 worth keeping?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#34 VSE (Was: Re: Refusal to change was Re: LE and COBOL)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003d.html#57 Another light on the map going out
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003h.html#0 Escon vs Ficon Cost
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003o.html#54 An entirely new proprietary hardware strategy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003o.html#64 1teraflops cell processor possible?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003p.html#43 Mainframe Emulation Solutions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#68 bits, bytes, half-duplex, dual-simplex, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#15 Xah Lee's Unixism
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004n.html#45 Shipwrecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004p.html#29 FW: Is FICON good enough, or is it the only choice we get?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#50 something like a CTC on a PC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005e.html#12 Device and channel
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005e.html#13 Device and channel
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#7 IBM 360 channel assignments
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#13 Today's mainframe--anything to new?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005j.html#13 Performance and Capacity Planning
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#26 ESCON to FICON conversion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#35 IBM's mini computers--lack thereof
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#46 IBM's mini computers--lack thereof
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#55 54 Processors?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005r.html#14 Intel strikes back with a parallel x86 design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#23 Channel Distances
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005v.html#0 DMV systems?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#40 IBM 610 workstation computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#34 TOD clock discussion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#43 One or two CPUs - the pros & cons
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#52 TCP/IP and connecting z to alternate platforms

"25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 10:19:17 -0600
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#46 "25th Anniversary of the Personal Computer"

from long ago and far away ... Harrier is code name for what became 9333 (which later turned into SSA). Note that the last item mentions "checksum disks" ... this is commoningly referred to now as raid.

Date: 10/11/88 16:54:55
To: wheeler

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Hursley trip issues/facts/enhancements:

- DASD Format: (fact)
- Track format, ECC, ERPs functionally identical to SCSI Redwing.
Comment: Potentially,by changing SCSI Redwing controller card to serial card, the drive can be attached under Harrier.

- Serial link: (fact)
- Full duplex link
- Packet Multiplexed
- 9 MB/S speed
- Packet format like X.25


... snip ... and the last item:
- Checksum disks
- This is for availability.
- Will have WRITE performance impact
Comment: This feature is used by A/S 400 or S/38. It has questionable value in Rios. If no comment, this feature will be rejected.


... snip ... top of post, old email index

old post on raid
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#4 Mainframers: Take back the light (spotlight, that is)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#29 cheaper low quality drives

the above includes following ref from a URL
1978

First patent for RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks) technology. IBM subsequently co-sponsored the research by the University of California at Berkeley that led to the initial definition of RAID levels in 1987.

The first two-speed tape unit, raising streaming speeds to 160 kb/second.

Hierarchical Storage Manager (HSM), which provided customers system-delivered migration of inactive data from disk to less expensive tape.


... snip ...

however, that URL no longer exists ...

so to wiki

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundant_array_of_independent_disks

... from above:
Norman Ken Ouchi at IBM was awarded U.S. Patent 4,092,732 titled "System for recovering data stored in failed memory unit" in 1978 and the claims for this patent describe what would later be termed RAID 5 with full stripe writes. This 1978 patent also mentions that disk mirroring or duplexing (what would later be termed RAID 1) and protection with dedicated parity (that would later be termed RAID 4) were prior art at that time.

RAID technology was first defined by a group of computer scientists at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987. The scientists studied the possibility of using two or more disks to appear as a single device to the host system.

In 1988, RAID levels 1 through 5 were formally defined by David A. Patterson, Garth A. Gibson and Randy H. Katz in the paper, "A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)". This was published in the SIGMOD Conference 1988: pp 109-116. The term "RAID" was first introduced in this paper; it spawned the entire disk array industry.


... snip ...

and for a little more topic drft, other reference to SSA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

Device Authentication - The answer to attacks lauched using stolen passwords?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Device Authentication - The answer to attacks lauched using stolen passwords?
Newsgroups: alt.computer.security,comp.security.misc,alt.security
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 12:20:21 -0600
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#41 Device Authentication - The answer to attacks lauched using stolen passwords?

for slight other drift, i gave a talk on assurance and aads chip strawman
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads

in the TPM track at the spring 2001 intel developer's forum
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/index.html#presentation

some comments on the talk from that time
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn2
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn3
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn4

the person heading up the tpm effort was in the front row ... and i quipped that after the past couple years the tpm chip design was starting to now look more and more like aads chip strawman ... and he quipped back that it was because I didn't have a committee of 200 people helping design/specify the chip.

Materiel and graft

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Materiel and graft
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 12:58:07 -0600
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#44 Materiel and graft

and for some additional drift ... from the TeX Users Group web site
http://www.tug.org/

an old "TUGboat" v6n2 (from 1985)
https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb06-2/tb12site.pdf

has a slac site report on use with vm/cms ... which mentions Sherpa (apa6670):

from above ...
The VM/CMS port of is a combination of efforts of many people. WEB change files for preliminary versions of TeX were brought to the TUG meeting in August 1983 and given to David Fuchs who combined them into a definitive version on the VM system at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The original change files were supplied by Roger Chaffee of SLAC (now at Metaphor), Craig Platt of the University of Manitoba, and Peter Sih of IBM Palo Alto Scientific Center. Bernd Schulze of the University of Bonn also contributed his experience from bringing up a preliminary TeX under CMS.

... snip ... and
The tape includes four utilities to interface TeX to the IBM 4250 electro-erosion printer and 3800 model 3 page printer, all of which were written by Pete Sih. The first utility, DVI4250, converts a DVI file into a format edible by the 4250. You still need the CDPF device driver that comes with the 4250. The second utility, DVI38PP does the same for the 3800 model 3. If you have a Sherpa (or APA6670), its current-release software has an interface to accept the 3800 data stream. The third utility, PXLCVT, converts the old METAFONT's PXL fonts into 4250 format and 3800 format. The fourth utility, FONTPL, makes W-type property-list (PL) files from IBM font files of filetype FONT4250 and FONT38PP.

... snip ...

what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 19:13:38 -0600
jsavard writes:
In half-duplex, where, unlike on a 2741, you can't lock the terminal, if the user wants to type a character while the carriage is returning, there isn't much the computer could do about it even if it tried.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#45 what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

last week of jan68, three people from the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

came out from the science center to install cp67.

at the time, cp67 had support for (doing automatic terminal recognition) for 2741 and 1050s. the university had some ascii tty33s ... so i found myself adding ascii tty terminal support to cp67. this included having to decide how some ascii characters mapped to ebcdic and back again.

i thot i could do the implementation so that tty support would be merged into the existing cp67 automatic terminal recognition ... which sort of worked. I thot the 2702 sad command which switched line scanner between supported terminal types. this worked fine for leased lines and terminals with the same baud rate. however, 2702 had shortcut ... while sad command could change the line scanner on each port/line ... the oscillator fixing the baud rate was hard wired to each port.

this short comming led to a univ. project to build our own terminal control unit, reverse engineer the channel interface and build our own channel interface card for an interdata/3 programmed to emulate 2702 ... with the added capability that it would automate baud rate determination. somebody then did a write-up blaming four of us for the plug control unit business:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm

here is a story about the tty support later resulting in 27 cp67 crashes on a single day.
http://www.multicians.org/thvv/360-67.html

I had done some one byte truncations related to tty line length ... and a local modification was made to handle some sort of ascii device (plotter?) with line length on the order of 1k(?) ... the maximum line length was increased w/o changing the one byte fiddling.

later, the claim was that a primary motivation for FS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys

effort was as counter to plug compatible controller business ... from the following
https://www.ecole.org/en/session/49-the-rise-and-fall-of-ibm
https://www.ecole.org/en/session/49-the-rise-and-fall-of-ibm
IBM tried to react by launching a major project called the 'Future System' (FS) in the early 1970's. The idea was to get so far ahead that the competition would never be able to keep up, and to have such a high level of integration that it would be impossible for competitors to follow a compatible niche strategy. However, the project failed because the objectives were too ambitious for the available technology. Many of the ideas that were developed were nevertheless adapted for later generations. Once IBM had acknowledged this failure, it launched its 'box strategy', which called for competitiveness with all the different types of compatible sub-systems. But this proved to be difficult because of IBM's cost structure and its R&D spending, and the strategy only resulted in a partial narrowing of the price gap between IBM and its rivals.

... &
This first quiet warning was taken seriously: 2,500 people were mobilised for the FS project. Those in charge had the right to choose people from any IBM units. I was working in Paris when I was picked out of the blue to be sent to New York. Proof of the faith people had in IBM is that I never heard of anyone refusing to move, nor regretting it. However, other quiet warnings were taken less seriously.

... snip ...

as i've mentioned a number of times in the past, i wasn't very respective about the FS effort ... drawing an analogy with some cult film that been playing down in central sq for over a decade ... something about the inmates being in charge of the institution.

what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 05 Sep 2006 07:09:12 -0600
Peter Flass writes:
It's all SMOP anyway. Systems support all kinds of terminals with all kinds of conventions, and that's all handled by the appropriate drivers. As far as the conventions for storing data internally are concerned, the Unix method has one advantage and two disadvantages. A. The line delimiter (LF) takes up only one byte. D. Text data can't contain imbedded linefeeds. D. Text data also can't contain imbedded nulls. Personally I prefer methods that keep text lines "pure", for example storing data with a count prefix, or, as I believe CMS does, storing the count separately from the line.

re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#45 what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#50 what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

that not only applies to terminal stuff ... but also all kinds of string construction as a countermeasure to numerous/various kinds buffer related vulnerabilities. lots of past posts on buffer related vulnerabilities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#overflow

recent post mentioning
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#43 Slow-Going For Next-Generation Threat-Scoring System

what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 05 Sep 2006 11:15:48 -0600
Joe Pfeiffer writes:
The alternative would have been to recognize that only information should be stored in files, and that device control should be generated on the fly by the OS (or utilities) depending on the device being driven.

are we talking about gml (precursor to sgml, html, xml and various other markup languages)?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#sgml

in addition to cms being done at the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

previous ref in this thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#51 what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

gml was invented at the science center in 1969 and support added to cms script ... recent cms script ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#27 What part of z/OS is the OS?

what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 06 Sep 2006 08:30:22 -0600
Joe Pfeiffer writes:
True -- especially since I never defined 'information'. But you've got the idea.

i had met to include a :) ... sorry

ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#52 what's the difference between LF(Line Fee) and NL (New line) ?

are we talking about gml (precursor to sgml, html, xml and various other markup languages)? :)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#sgml

Douglas Engelbart's HyperScope 1.0 Launched

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject:  Douglas Engelbart's HyperScope 1.0 Launched
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 06 Sep 2006 08:40:16 -0600
Douglas Engelbart's HyperScope 1.0 Launched
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/Redbooks.nsf/RedbookAbstracts/tips0824.html

and

Douglas Engelbart's HyperScope 1.0 Launched
http://slashdot.org/articles/06/09/05/2319250.shtml

from above:
"HyperScope 1.0 is a new Web app based on Douglas Engelbart's 1968 NLS/Augment (oNLine System). Engelbart and team have been working on Hyperscope since March of this year in a project funded by the National Science Foundation."

... snip ...

NLS/Augment was one of the things at Tymshare ... at the time M/D bought it.

misc. post from earlier this year mentioning augemnt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#50 stacks: sorting

misc. posts from earlier this year mentioning Tymshare:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#39 another blast from the past
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#9 It's official: "nuke" infected Windows PCs instead of fixing them
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#15 Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#29 PDP-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#37 PDP-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#39 PDP-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#34 PDP-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#3 Not Your Dad's Mainframe: Little Iron
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#49 The Fate of VM - was: Re: Baby MVS???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#13 What part of z/OS is the OS?

PowerPC or PARISC?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: PowerPC or PARISC?
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Wed, 06 Sep 2006 13:33:48 -0600
Del Cecchi writes:
Nick, I believe the X460 is a NUMA box with 4 socket nodes. So I believe it does support a single system image for all 32 sockets. However there is a performance penalty for non-local access to memory.

There is probably a Redbook that discusses these issues, and some relatively high level overview of the X3 architecture.


i triped across a redbook found by a search engine that discussed sql server 2005 scaling on x3/hurricane ... mentioned both single shared numa memory operation and partitioned operation (possibly using memory for doing message passing?).
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4093.pdf

however i didn't find anything that went into next level detail (stuff like you would find in something like sci numa memory architecture description and how cache coherency actually operated)

one of the xeon talks at hotchips got into some scale-up cache consistency issues ... and there were some questions related to possible stalling/starvation deadlocks in the implementations ... however, you may have to pay the $55 for the cdrom.

the freebees
http://www.hotchips.org/hc18/presentations.htm

and the cdrom presentations (was well as the dvd videos):
http://www.hotchips.org/hc18/store.htm




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