From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: on-demand computing Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 12:06:44mainframes has been doing something like this for sometime
The Economics of Chips With Many Cores
http://it.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/01/15/0322207&threshold=-1
Core Economics
http://www.hpcwire.com/hpc/2013733.html
from above:
In the current model, customers buy systems containing processors that
satisfy the average or worst-case computation needs of their
applications. This means when the application requirements change,
either the user has to live with the pain of a performance mismatch or
go through the expense of purchasing new systems (or new chips) to
realign system performance with the applications. Sloan and Rakesh argue
that as the number of cores increase, matching the performance needs
with applications becomes increasingly difficult and the associated cost
of buying unused computing power becomes more prohibitive.
... snip ...
somewhat related ... past multiprocessor posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
misc. past multicore posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#60 Will multicore CPUs have identical cores?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#64 Will multicore CPUs have identical cores?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#65 Will multicore CPUs have identical cores?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#66 Will multicore CPUs have identical cores?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004q.html#68 Will multicore CPUs have identical cores?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#14 Multicores
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#21 Multicores
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005p.html#22 Multicores
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#14 Would multi-core replace SMPs?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#16 Would multi-core replace SMPs?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006b.html#22 Would multi-core replace SMPs?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#0 DASD Response Time (on antique 3390?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006s.html#19 Very slow booting and running and brain-dead OS's?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006s.html#21 Very slow booting and running and brain-dead OS's?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006s.html#24 Curiousity: CPU % for COBOL program
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#27 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#31 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#32 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#34 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#36 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#41 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#42 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#43 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#49 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#50 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#0 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#6 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#7 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#8 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#9 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#10 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#21 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#43 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#46 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#2 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#10 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#11 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#12 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#13 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#15 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#16 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#17 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#18 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#19 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#27 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#28 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#31 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#2 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#3 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#5 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#6 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#9 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#17 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#35 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#3 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#57 "The Elements of Programming Style"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#13 Why so little parallelism?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#10 Beyond multicore
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#3 University rank of Computer Architecture
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#78 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#30 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#15 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#19 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#38 Is Parallel Programming Just Too Hard?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#42 My Dream PC -- Chip-Based
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#60 Is Parallel Programming Just Too Hard?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#63 Is Parallel Programming Just Too Hard?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#2 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#8 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#29 Is Parallel Programming Just Too Hard?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#28 Is Parallel Programming Just Too Hard?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#55 Is Parallel Programming Just Too Hard?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#44 complicated address generation unit?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#22 Faster Chips Are Leaving Programmers in Their Dust
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 12:28:06Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
The Looming CIO Shortage
http://www.cioinsight.com/article2/0,1397,2103333,00.asp
from above:
A shortage of qualified chief information officers looms in the next few
years. Growing demand for CIOs is not being offset by an increasing
supply of talented, well-prepared executives, according to a
just-released report, "Grooming the 2010 CIO," written for the Society
for Information Management Advance Practices Council.
... snip ...
The New IT Worker Shortage; Supply of talented IT staffers isn't keeping
up with demand. And it won't change anytime soon.
http://www.cioinsight.com/article2/0,1540,2248193,00.asp
from above:
A record 3.76 million workers in the U.S. held IT jobs last year,
according to a CIO Insight analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics
data. That's a whopping 8.5 percent increase from 2006. The rapid growth
in employment lowered last year's IT unemployment rate to 2.1 percent,
from 2.5 percent in 2006, the lowest level recorded since the government
redefined IT occupations in 2000.
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 13:59:45lists@KCATS.ORG (Michael Stack) writes:
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: on-demand computing Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 14:40:28Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
another piece mentioning of multi-core processing (one of the latest buzzwords)
Accelerating Wall Street
http://wallstreetandtech.com/accelerate/
from above:
With data latency now measured at sub second intervals, message volume
exploding and more demand than ever for new and innovative trading
products, technology organizations are turning to the fastest and newest
technologies in order to stay ahead of the markets. Hardware
acceleration, multi-core processing, complex event processing, grid
computing and virtualization technologies are front and center in Wall
Street's battle to lower latency, analyze real-time data and power the
latest trading systems.
... snip ...
and somewhat related article mentioning straight-through processing (STP):
Annuities Carriers Cooperate On NAVA STP Initiative To Improve Service Levels
http://www.financetech.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=208803123
from above:
Processing time is widely viewed as a major roadblock to success in the
annuities business, especially as it relates to the influx of business
opportunities presented by the retirment of baby boomers. To overcome
the challenge, insurance carriers are collaborating through the National
Association for Variable Annuities (NAVA) to develop and implement
straight-through processing (STP) standards to improve service levels
for distributors and potential investors. The Reston, Va.-based industry
group is seeking to eliminate the "artificial administrative barriers"
that slow the new-business process for annuities, explains Rob Dearman,
assistant VP of broker-dealer and registered investment advisers
systems, Jackson National Life ($80 billion in assets).
... snip ...
misc. past posts mentioning straight-through processing:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm19.htm#46 the limits of crypto and authentication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm20.htm#20 ID "theft" -- so what?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#12 The Worth of Verisign's Brand
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#13 The Worth of Verisign's Brand
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#17 The Worth of Verisign's Brand
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#21 The Worth of Verisign's Brand
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#37 More Phishing scams, still no SSL being used
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006s.html#40 Ranking of non-IBM mainframe builders?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#10 A way to speed up level 1 caches
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#15 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#36 Future of System/360 architecture?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#3 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007t.html#5 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#19 Distributed Computing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#44 Distributed Computing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#61 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#19 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#64 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#81 Tap and faucet and spellcheckers
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 16:57:00cb@mer.df.lth.se (Christian Brunschen) writes:
multitasking can be totally orthogonal to authentication, authorization, and permissions. except for the most trivial demo systems, multiple user support infrastructure would imply extremely robust authentication, authorization, and permission infrastructures.
another week ... and its been 40yrs since i started on virtual machine, multiple user, timesharing systems.
while undergraduate, over the next two yrs i had done quite a large amount of kernel changes.
this references some of the kind of institutions making use of
the product back then
https://web.archive.org/web/20090117083033/http://www.nsa.gov/research/selinux/list-archive/0409/8362.shtml
this post makes reference to not being aware of these institutions
use until much later
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#8 Dearth of antivirus software imminent
... but getting corporate requests for specific kinds of enhancements ... and years later suspecting where some of the enhancement requests were originating ... and more recently observing that some of the current systems still aren't addressing some of the issues that i was asked to implement nearly 40yrs ago.
recent posts in this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#2 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#4 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#5 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#7 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#8 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#9 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#88 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#89 folklore indeed
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 17:41:47re:
for slightly related topic drift in the area of permissions and role of
chief security architect:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#7 Hypervisors May Replace Operating Systems As King Of The Data Center
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Science and Engineering Indicators 2008 Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 21:46:54somewhat followup
released today:
Science and Engineering Indicators 2008
http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=110984&org=NSF&from=news
from above:
In addition to SEI'08, the Board, concerned that the data revealed
disturbing trends with serious policy implications, published a
companion piece, Research and Development: Essential Foundation for
U.S. Competitiveness in a Global Economy.
... snip ...
the report
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind08/
the previous report that i've referenced in the past
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/
another reference:
More than half of H-1B visas go to India nationals U.S. report notes
"slow shift of the epicenter of the world economic growth" to Asia
http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9057398
....
recent posts in the previous thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#44 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#46 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#56 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#68 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#73 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#87 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#90 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#1 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#2 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
and other recent posts in related threads:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#39 competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#52 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#55 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#60 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#62 competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#81 Education ranking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#83 Education ranking
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2008 21:57:30re:
and related new post ... also in a.f.c ... about newly published
report announced by nsf today
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#6 Science and Engineering Indicators 2008
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: on-demand computing Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2008 00:14:36krw <krw@att.bizzzzz> writes:
some overview of "capacity on demand"
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/systems/scope/hw/topic/ipha2/kickoff.htm
capacity on demand offerings
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/systems/scope/hw/topic/ipha2/codofferings.htm
there are some complaints in the mainframe discussion groups seems to be that various billings (including numerous software applications) are based on (peak) processing capacity for something like month periods (that doesn't address well various periodic computing crunches, i.e. end-of-month, end-of-quarter, end-of year, etc)
On/Off Capacity on Demand for System z
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/swprice/zipla/oocod.html
search engine turns up some amount of references to on-demand management frequently being related to virtualization capabiilties.
one of the 4341 cluster&distributed computing comparisons vis-a-vis pok & 3033 in the early 80s ... was that it was significantly easier for enterprises to justify and deploy incremental 4341s (than 3033s). this theme was also later adopted by (departmental) workstation and pc server businesses. part of "on-demand" scenarios were to address some of the opportunities/barriers related to these customer difficulties
old 43xx related email from the period
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#43xx
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2008 00:31:29Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
Multiprocessing with the Completely Fair Scheduler
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cfs/?ca=dgr-lnxw03CFC4Linux
from above:
The Completely Fair Scheduler tries to run the task with the "gravest
need" for CPU time; this helps to assure that every process gets its
fair share of CPU. CFS does not consider a task to be a sleeper if it
sleeps for "very" short time -- short sleeper might be entitled to
some bonus time, but never more than it would have had it not
slept.
... snip ...
now what i was doing as an undergraduate in the 60s (later came to be called fair share scheudler) was dynamic adaptive resource management where the default resource management policy was fair share. it also attempted to dynamically "schedule to" the resource bottleneck (i.e. attempting to dynamically adjust scheduling policy to the system resources representing the primary thruput bottlenecks).
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2008 09:08:32Peter Flass <Peter_Flass@Yahoo.com> writes:
a lot of timesharing has been preemptive scheduling ... where a task may be interrupted while running ... and the system switches to some other task (even tho the running task didn't voluntarily give up control). timesharing has also implied interactive computing ... where preemptive scheduling was used to provide good response to trivial interactive operations.
many systems implemented preemptive scheduling poorly and/or inefficiently ... as a result, lots of interactive timesharing systems had recommendations of operating at much lower than full resource utilization ... frequently fifty percent or less ... providing lots of headroom for handling asynchronous interactive requests. this also affected being able to handle lots of resource intensive batch operations concurrently with interactive workload.
by contrast ... i had gotten very efficient preemptive scheduling for my
resource manager
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#fairshare
... and as a result, systems (with my resource manager) frequently ran at one hundred percent processor utilization w/o degrading responsiveness for trivial interactive operations.
misc. recent posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#4 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#5 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#7 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#8 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#9 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#88 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#89 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#3 on-demand computing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#4 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#5 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#8 on-demand computing
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2008 09:56:43Peter Flass <Peter_Flass@Yahoo.com> writes:
TSO crafted ontop of MVT was basically subsystem approach ala CICS with
somewhat different command set. Some amount of TSO work was "edit"
preparation of batch jobstream ... which would then be submitted (from
TSO) for standard batch processing (sort of simulated card deck
preparation).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#89 folklore indeed
a large subset of virtual machine capability has been pushed down into
machine hardware as "LPARS" ... including timesharing the separate
virtual machines ... and the LPARS operate independently whether or
not there is any separate software virtual machine system running in the
complex. A vast majority of traditional mainframe batch system now
operate in these LPAR virtual machines (along with the necessary
timesharing going on in the underlying hardware). a couple recent
posts mentioning LPARs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#42 Inaccurate CPU% reported by RMF and TMON
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#49 IBM LCS
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#50 IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization
for other topic drift ... past hardware multitasking with real-time capability were mainframes implementing "integrated channels" (and sometimes "integrated controllers"). the native processor engine would be microcode with 360/370 instruction set. the native processor engine would also have "integrated channel" microcode "multitasking" on the same hardware (which frequently had real-time execution constraints). Some configurations even included "integrated device controllers" ... i.e. instead of customer buying an independent disk controller box ... the function would be implemented as multitasking feature of the processor engine that was also executing standard mainframe instructions.
an example was the 370/158 which had feature supporting six "integrated
channels". i've posted before that after cancellation of the future
system effort
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#futuresys
there was mad rush attempting to get stuff into the 370 product pipeline (both hardware and software). part of that was the 303x processors (3031, 3032, 3033).
The 3031 was two repackaged 370/158 processors ... one of the processors was the 3031 mainframe processor (w/o the intergrated channel microcode) and the other processor was a "channel director" (with the integrated channel microcode but w/o the mainframe instruction set microcode).
The 3032 was repackage 370/168 with up to three "channel directors".
The 3033 started out as 370/168 wiring ... remapped to newer (faster) chip technology ... along with up to three "channel directors"
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2008 20:43:19Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
article from today:
CDO Correlation: Reversal of Fortune; New Kamakura Study Proves Common
CDO Assumptions Can Lead to Serious Valuation Errors
http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release.do?id=811168
from above:
"The former Chief Executive Officers of Citigroup and Merrill Lynch
certainly understand now that an increase in correlated defaults is bad
for the equity holders," said Warren Sherman, Kamakura President and
Chief Operating Officer, "but CDO market participants have long held the
opposite view when it comes to the equity tranche of the 'mini-bank'
called a CDO. This new study shows that an increase in correlated
defaults can be either good or bad for the equity tranche. It is
absolutely critical from a corporate governance and risk management
point of view that the true risk of the CDO tranche owner is measured
correctly. In the current environment, modeling techniques that
restrict the user to a set of unrealistic assumptions pose a serious
danger to both the institutions who own the CDO and to the analysts that
employ them, as job losses all over Wall Street in recent weeks have
proven."
... snip ...
repeat from earlier post:
How Conventional CDO Analytics Missed the Mark
http://www.bobsguide.com/guide/news/2007/Dec/20/Kamakura_Releases_Study:_How_Conventional_CDO_Analytics_Missed_the_Mark.html
again from above:
"Two years ago the Wall Street Journal in a page 1 story pointed out
the dangers in relying on the copula approach for CDO valuation, but
investors were slow to realize the magnitude of their model risk"
... snip ...
for other topic drift on the current situation ... something other than risk modeling (software):
Regulation game, Would Glass-Steagall save the day from credit woes?
http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/would-glass-steagall-save-day-credit/story.aspx?guid={3AA33D85-AD38-41B4-B300-033235B5734A}
from above:
Sept 7, 2007
Time was when banks and brokerages were separate entities, banned from
uniting for fear of conflicts of interest, a financial meltdown, a
monopoly on the markets, all of these things.
In 1999, the law banning brokerages and banks from marrying one
another -- the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 -- was lifted, and voila,
the financial supermarket has grown to be the places we know as
Citigroup, UBS, Deutsche Bank, et al.
... snip ...
now the following is from the 1st half of 2007 ... before the current crisis really started to come to the forefront.
Safety, Soundness, and the Evolution of the U.S. Banking Industry
http://www.frbatlanta.org/invoke.cfm?objectid=1052D9AD-5056-9F12-12F259CCE0B2A5D4&method=display_body
from above:
Although the banking system appears to be safer and sounder today than
it was two decades ago, new risk challenges have arisen that could not
have been anticipated in the 1980s. This article outlines the
fundamental structural changes in the U.S. commercial banking industry
since then.
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Education ranking Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2008 22:05:41greymaus <greymausg@mail.com> writes:
walkthru included bunny suit ... old refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#32 What is microcode?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#57 DEC's Hudson fab
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#59 ANN: Microsoft goes Open Source
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#75 Poll: oldest computer thing you still use
a couple weeks later they had a "100-year flood" ... a reference here
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_European_floods
wiki page:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden
stayed a couple blocks from the river and the bridge. across the street there was large lot ... with pieces of cathedral all around the lot ... appeared to be large restoration project.
I have some recollection near the bridge was part of wall from old roman garrison.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: on-demand computing Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2008 01:47:12krw <krw@att.bizzzzz> writes:
dating back as far ... similar kinds of approaches have been directed to related form of on-demand digital content ... i.e. anti-piracy and/or DRM (digital rights management) for software, music, video, etc.
misc. past posts mentioning (software) "on-demand" (aka anti-piracy
and/or DRM)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay3.htm#riskm The Thread Between Risk Management and Information Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay10.htm#18 FC: European Commission considers mandatory digital rights management
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay12.htm#28 Carnegie Mellon to host first US-based intl'l conference on electronic commerce
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm12.htm#63 Intertrust, Can Victor Shear Bring Down Microsoft?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#24 Microsoft Ties Security to Verisign
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#66 2007: year in review
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002m.html#55 Beware, Intel to embed digital certificates in Banias
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#8 On smartcards and card readers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#51 Security via hardware?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#59 Peter Gutmann Rips Windows Vista Content Protection
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#30 Apple files patent for WGA-style anti-piracy tech
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#37 Apple files patent for WGA-style anti-piracy tech
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#61 Apple files patent for WGA-style anti-piracy tech
and as mentioned in previous posts, there is some cross-over between
anti-piracy/DRM, risk management, and information security ... for
additional topic drift, recent posts mentioning risk management:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#66 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#70 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#71 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#78 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#90 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#12 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Flash memory arrays Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2008 02:00:42edgould1948@COMCAST.NET (Ed Gould) writes:
they were surplanted by 3090 expanded storage (and later really large real memory) and disk controller electronic caches (initially 3880-11 and 3880-13).
old email discussing 2305, 1655, and stc electronic disk comparison:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#email820805
old posts mentioning 1655, 3880-11, and/or 3880-13:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#13 4341 was "Is a VAX a mainframe?"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#18 Disk caching and file systems. Disk history...people forget
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001c.html#17 database (or b-tree) page sizes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#68 I/O contention
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#53 mainframe question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#54 mainframe question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#63 MVS History (all parts)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#31 index searching
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#55 Storage Virtualization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#17 AS/400 and MVS - clarification please
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002l.html#40 Do any architectures use instruction count instead of timer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#3 PLX
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#52 ''Detrimental'' Disk Allocation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003b.html#7 Disk drives as commodities. Was Re: Yamhill
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003b.html#15 Disk drives as commodities. Was Re: Yamhill
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003b.html#17 Disk drives as commodities. Was Re: Yamhill
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003c.html#55 HASP assembly: What the heck is an MVT ABEND 422?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003f.html#5 Alpha performance, why?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003m.html#39 S/360 undocumented instructions?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004d.html#73 DASD Architecture of the future
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#3 Expanded Storage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#13 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#17 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#18 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#20 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#29 FW: Looking for Disk Calc program/Exec
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005e.html#5 He Who Thought He Knew Something About DASD
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#28 IBM's mini computers--lack thereof
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005m.html#30 Massive i/o
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005r.html#51 winscape?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005t.html#50 non ECC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#38 Is VIO mandatory?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#1 Multiple address spaces
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#8 IBM 610 workstation computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#46 Hercules 3.04 announcement
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#45 using 3390 mod-9s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#46 using 3390 mod-9s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#41 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#11 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006j.html#14 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#57 virtual memory
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#36 REAL memory column in SDSF
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006s.html#30 Why magnetic drums was/are worse than disks ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006s.html#32 Why magnetic drums was/are worse than disks ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#31 MB to Cyl Conversion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#35 The Future of CPUs: What's After Multi-Core?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#0 old discussion of disk controller chache
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#12 Special characters in passwords was Re: RACF - Password rules
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#23 How many 36-bit Unix ports in the old days?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#2 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#38 FBA rant
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#42 FBA rant
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#59 FBA rant
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#60 FBA rant
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#26 Tom's Hdw review of SSDs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#9 Poster of computer hardware events?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#4 Remembering the CDC 6600
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Flash memory arrays Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2008 10:24:13cfmpublic@NS.SYMPATICO.CA (Clark Morris) writes:
i offered well over 25 yrs ago (i.e. 3370 fba). The response i got back from the data management group was that (at the time) it would still cost $26m for training, education, documentation, etc ... even if i provided fully integrated and tested implementation. the claim was that i wouldn't be able to show the necessary ROI for the $26m since customers would just buy the equivalent in fba that they would have ben spent on ckd (no incremental revenue ... and therefor no ROI). the issues about life-cycle costs with regard to maintaining ckd (and life-cycle savings converting to fba) were discounted.
other posts mentioning ckd, fba, multi-track search, etc.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dasd
one of the first "costs" was trying to get some of the eckd kludge to
work for various things ... like speed-matching buffer (aka 3880
supporting attaching 3380 3mbyte datastreaming, to 168/3033 1.5mbyte
channels). a couple recent posts on the subject:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#40 FBA rant
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#54 mainframe performance, was Is a RISC chip more expensive?
including this old email reference, mentioning problems getting eckd for
speed-matching buffer working
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#email820907b
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Flash memory arrays Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2008 11:15:50John.Mckown@HEALTHMARKETS.COM (McKown, John) writes:
part of it is configuration support ... i.e. device geometry configuration issues are essentially non-existent in platforms supporting fba ... especially vis-a-vis all the stuff that is periodically seen here just on various 3390 model & associated geometry problems.
another have been speed-matching ... mentioned in previous post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#16 Flash memory arrays
and/or latency issues.
in the same time-frame i originally offered FBA support ... i had also done a channel-extender project for the IMS group in STL. STL was bursting at the seams ... and they needed to move 300 from the IMS group to remote off-site location. The problem was that they deemed that the remote 3270 CMS interactive response was (totally) unacceptable compared to what they were getting from local 3270 CMS within the STL bldg. The solution was to get CMS local 3270 terminals (for the IMS group) at the remote site (with local CMS 3270 response) back to the vm370 machines in the stl bldg. This was accomplished with channel extender (from network systems corporation) running over T1 (1.5mbit) link.
An unexpected side-effect of this effort ... was not only did the IMS group continue to get local 3270 CMS interactive response ... but the channel extender actually improved overall system thruput and performance. The issue was that these were 168/3033 16 channel systems ... where the 3270 control units and disk controllers were spread out over common channel pool. The problem was that the 3270 control units had extremely high channel busy time for the operations they were performing ... which was interferring with disk thruput activity. The local 3270 control units were moved to remote site and replaced on local channel interface with the channel extended boxes ... which had significantly lower channel busy overhead (for the same operations). The resulting reduced channel busy overhead (getting 3270 control units off local channels), improved overall system performance by 10-15percent.
Basically, I could pretty trivially support almost any kind of direct
channel controller at the remote site ... except for count-key-dasd
... even tho the associated "speed-matching" mismatch for the channel
extender was much larger than the factor of two times that later was
being dealt with trying to attach 3mbyte 3380s on 370 1.5mbyte
channels ... aka channel-extender local 1mbyte devices running over
1.5mbit T1 connection ... nearly a factor of ten speed-match
difference compared to the factor of two speed-match difference for
3880 speed-match implementation. ... again, past posts mentioning fba,
ckd, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#dasd
getting local 3270 cms terminal thruput for the IMS group was one of
the early efforts in the hsdt effort
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Flash memory arrays Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2008 11:35:56cfmpublic@NS.SYMPATICO.CA (Clark Morris) writes:
next week is 40yrs since i started on virtual machines ... i.e. three
people had come out from the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
to install (virtual machine) cp67 at the university (i had already been doing optimization work on os/360 for a couple yrs).
From the original implementation in the mid-60s, both cp67 and cms had been logical fba ... even when using ckd dasd ... which effectively hasn't changed .. and subsequently made it trivial to support real fba (3310 & 3370) devices.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Yahoo's CAPTCHA Security Reportedly Broken Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2008 18:21:29latest in the CAPTCHA saga, this post from 12/17:
Yahoo's CAPTCHA Security Reportedly Broken
http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=205917108
from above:
Yahoo may soon see a surge in spam coming from Yahoo Mail accounts.
"John Wane," who identifies himself as a Russian security researcher,
has posted software that he claims can defeat the CAPTCHA system Yahoo
uses to prevent automated registration of free Yahoo Mail accounts.
... snip ...
other posts mentioning captcha
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003p.html#20 Dumb anti-MITM hacks / CAPTCHA application
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005j.html#3 Request for comments - anti-phishing approach
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#66 folklore indeed
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 09:22:26Walter Bushell <proto@oanix.com> writes:
current mac os is derived from mach ... a lot of which had come out of work at cmu. it was originally used in next ... before coming to apple.
part of the issue is that most of the kernels that originated from
personal computer genre didn't have the ingrained concept of multiple
users and protection domains ... from the very foundation. i've
frequently claimed that to get this correct ... it has to be assumed as
a fundamental principle in the basic/original design ... and it is very
difficult (and frequently will have holes and deficiencies) to craft it
on afterwards. from a security and integrity standpoint ... the results
will typically be much better by going with a platform that starts out
as inherently multiuser and adapting it for personal computing ... than
attempting the reverse.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#7 Hypervisors May Replace Operating Systems As King Of The Data Center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#5 folklore indeed
i've mentioned before that both ibm and dec had equally funded project
athena at mit ... one of the things out of athena was kerberos
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#kerberos
but ibm also funded andrew activities at cmu (equivalent to the combined ibm and dec funding of athena at mit). i've joked before that they may have payed for camelot/transarc three times (once in the original cmu funding, once with the investment in the spin-off, and once buying it outright).
a mach history ... with some early beginnings:
http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/microkernel/mach/history/
from above:
Now enters the UNIX war.
UNIX was owned by AT&T which controlled the market almost
completely. Industry giants such as IBM, DEC and H got together and
formed the Open Software Foundation, OSF. In an effort to conquer market
share, OSF took the Mach 2.5 release and made it the OSF/1 system. By
that time Mach contained a lot of BSD and AT&T code but the OSF hoped
that it would be able to take control of the rudder with OSF/1. What
happens after that is a story better told by someone else ...
... snip ...
http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/4-5-apple.htm
from above:
1988: Next unveils its innovative workstation computer which is the
first computer using erasable optical disks as the primary mass storage
device. The operating system is based on the CMU Mach version of UNIX,
but has pleasant graphical interface. Quality output is produced by
using postscript as the presentation format. 1988: IBM licenses Next's
graphics user interface.
... snip ...
also from above:
1996: Steve Jobs rejoins Apple as interim CEO.
1996: Apple buys what is left of NeXT for $400M.
2001: OS X announced, based on UNIX and the NeXT software.
... snip ...
http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
from above:
After leaving Apple Computer in the 1980s, Steve Jobs founded a new
computer company, with a new mind set: NeXT[1]. NeXT's operating system,
NeXTStep, was an object-oriented operating system based on
Carnegie-Mellon's Mach microkernel architecture, which was in turn based
on the 4.2BSD release from the University of California. On top of Mach,
NeXT implemented a Unix-like operating system called NeXTStep and
replaced MIT's X Windows System with a new graphical interface called
Display Postscript. Display Postscript allowed for very fine control of
the desktop and graphical environment, however it never caught on
outside of NeXT systems.
... snip ...
and ...
MacOS X is a new operating system which has used code from many
sources. The base is an updated version of Mach from CMU. On top of it
is a microkernel-based BSD system similar to the one used in
NeXTStep. All around, features from previous versions of MacOS have been
incorporated to maintain compatibility with legacy applications. The
Unix-land user utilities were derived from FreeBSD and
NetBSD. Additionally, new interfaces, such as Aqua allow a new
generation of programs to be created on this operating system.
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Financial Analytics in E-Commerce: Starting to Take Shape Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 09:47:34for other (computer) analytics drift:
Financial Analytics in E-Commerce: Starting to Take Shape
http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/emarketing/61239.html?welcome=1200613179
from above:
"The new analytics products work with new information formats, such as
items found on blogs, as well as traditional data sources, such as
information stored in databases," said David Schehr, research director
at Gartner. E-commerce companies may find they could correlate
information, such as Web customer reviews, to product sales.
... snip ...
a few recent posts mentioning (computer) analytics:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#66 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#70 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#71 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#12 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
old posts about what has since frequently come to be called e-commerce
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 10:06:36Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
somewhat overlapping the NeXT activity, apple had started a new project to build a new object-oriented operating system from the ground up ... called "pink". this was somewhat the rage at the time ... since sun was also doing one called "spring".
"pink" never made it ... but some of it showed up in the taligent object-oriented gui environment.
there are some issues regarding integrity and business critical dataprocessing that can be considered independent of multitasking and multiuser. multiuser can frequently be considered to included permissions and protection ... but the robustness of the implementation can vary quite a bit (as well as the level of integrity actually provided).
lots of past posts about integrity and security related to use of C
programming language
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#overflow
we had to do a lot of integrity and security work as well as industrial
strength and business critical dataprocessing related to what has since
come to be called e-commerce
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway
some of the work never actually deployed ... so there is sort of list
of known vulnerabilities ... but others did; recent post mentioning
"compensating procedures" for industrial strength dataprocessing:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#37 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
in any case, we had a one week JAD with taligent ... focusing on how much work would have to be done on the taligent base to add support for industrial strength dataprocessing (aka approx. 1/3rd new code specific for industrial strength dataprocessing features and approx. hit to 1/3rd of all existing code).
recent post discussing some of this:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#46 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Yahoo's CAPTCHA Security Reportedly Broken Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 10:29:02re:
so are the CAPTCHA problems in anyway related to the following news item:
Yahoo! lends weight to single digital identity drive
http://www.siliconrepublic.com/news/news.nv?storyid=single10052
Yahoo! OpenID
http://openid.yahoo.com/
Standards: Yahoo Adds Its Muscle to OpenID Single Sign-On Standard
http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/61258.html?welcome=1200619106
Yahoo throws its weight behind OpenID single sign-on
http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080117-yahoo-throws-its-weight-behind-openid-single-sign-on.html
Yahoo Embraces OpenID 2.0 Spec
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nf/20080117/tc_nf/57866
Yahoo Announces Support For Open ID 2.0
http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=205900620
Yahoo to support OpenID single sign-on
http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/01/17/Yahoo-to-support-OpenID-single-sign-on_1.html
Yahoo to Support OpenID Single Sign-On
http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,141463-c,yahoo/article.html
Yahoo to support OpenID single sign-on
http://news.yahoo.com/s/infoworld/20080117/tc_infoworld/94668
Yahoo to support OpenID single sign-on
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/013108-cut-cable-disrupts-internet-in.html
Yahoo joins OpenID standard group
http://www.vnunet.com/itweek/news/2207611/yahoo-joins-openid-standard
Yahoo backs OpenID
http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/157563/yahoo-backs-openid.html
... for other topic drift ... past posts mentioning confusing
identification and authentication (identification tends to be
significantly more privacy invasive than authentication):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay7.htm#3dsecure 3D Secure Vulnerabilities? Photo ID's and Payment Infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay11.htm#66 Confusing Authentication and Identiification?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay11.htm#72 Account Numbers. Was: Confusing Authentication and Identiification? (addenda)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay11.htm#73 Account Numbers. Was: Confusing Authentication and Identiification? (addenda)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay12.htm#0 Four Corner model. Was: Confusing Authentication and Identification? (addenda)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay12.htm#1 Confusing business process, payment, authentication and identification
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay12.htm#2 Confusing business process, payment, authentication and identification
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay12.htm#3 Confusing business process, payment, authentication and identification
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay12.htm#4 Confusing business process, payment, authentication and identification
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#40 The real problem that https has conspicuously failed to fix
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#41 certificates & the alternative view
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#13 A combined EMV and ID card
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm18.htm#31 EMV cards as identity cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm19.htm#14 To live in interesting times - open Identity systems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm20.htm#0 the limits of crypto and authentication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm20.htm#11 the limits of crypto and authentication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm20.htm#42 Another entry in the internet security hall of shame
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm21.htm#2 Another entry in the internet security hall of shame
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm21.htm#13 Contactless payments and the security challenges
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm21.htm#17 continuity of identity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm21.htm#35 [Clips] Banks Seek Better Online-Security Tools
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#23 Identity resurges as a debate topic
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003j.html#47 The Tao Of Backup: End of postings
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005j.html#64 More on garbage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005q.html#13 IPSEC with non-domain Server
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005q.html#23 Logon with Digital Siganture (PKI/OCES - or what else they're called)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005t.html#9 phishing web sites using self-signed certs
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005t.html#32 RSA SecurID product
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#0 PGP Lame question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005u.html#19 Identity and Access Management (IAM)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#46 Windows Monitor or CUSP?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#63 Poll: oldest computer thing you still use
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#54 The new urgency to fix online privacy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#51 Translation of IBM Basic Assembler to C?
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 11:33:23cb@mer.df.lth.se (Christian Brunschen) writes:
recent posts in thread on integrity, industrial strength, and business
critical dataprocessing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#22 folklore indeed
some number of commercial timesharing systems used virtual machine
platforms (cp67 and vm370) for there offerings ... providing additional
layer of user separation and isolation.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare
one of these, Tymshare ... recent reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#75 Rotary phones
started development of a new (mainframe, multiuser, 370) capability-based system called gnosis. when tymshare was bought by m/d, i was brought to evaluate gnosis was part of its keykos spinoff. at the time, a significant part of gnosis "overhead" wasn't so much in its "permissions" (crossing capability boundaries), but the related accounting. one of the scenarios is that a user could have specific authorized access to an analytical tool, a database application, and a specific database ... all provided by 3rd parties. there were specifically granted permissions to specific user to use/access the different resources ... as well as independent accounting of the different resources. the user will get billed for their resource access ... but part of those payments would be apportioned out to the 3rd party product owners ... based on the use of their products (applications, files, databases, etc).
in the transition from gnosis to keykos ... much of the "accounting" overhead was eliminated (not necessary to support revenue redistribution to 3rd party application developers) and repositioned as an high-integrity, high-performance mainframe/370 transaction processing system ... with some claims of transaction rates exceeding cics as well as tpf. tpf is the mainframe transaction processing operating system that evolved from ACP (airline control program); it was somewhat renamed when they found some number of financial institutions using it for high performance financial transaction processing.
there have been subsequent high integrity, capability-based systems that
trace their linage back to gnosis ... recent post/discussion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#63 Oddly good news week: Google announces a Caps library for Javascript
other posts mentioning gnosis and/or keykos:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#69 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#22 No more innovation? Get serious
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#73 7090 vs. 7094 etc.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#33 Did AT&T offer Unix to Digital Equipment in the 70s?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#35 Did AT&T offer Unix to Digital Equipment in the 70s?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#10 TSS/360
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#59 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#0 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#4 markup vs wysiwyg (was: Re: learning how to use a computer)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#43 IBM doing anything for 50th Anniv?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#63 Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#75 30th b'day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#18 Multiple layers of virtual address translation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003h.html#41 Segments, capabilities, buffer overrun attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#15 two pi, four phase, 370 clone
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003j.html#20 A Dark Day
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003k.html#50 Slashdot: O'Reilly On The Importance Of The Mainframe Heritage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003l.html#19 Secure OS Thoughts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003l.html#22 Secure OS Thoughts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003l.html#26 Secure OS Thoughts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003m.html#24 Intel iAPX 432
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003m.html#54 Thoughts on Utility Computing?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#4 OS Partitioning and security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#27 NSF interest in Multics security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#29 Shipwrecks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004m.html#49 EAL5
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004n.html#41 Multi-processor timing issue
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004o.html#33 Integer types for 128-bit addressing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005.html#7 How do you say "gnus"?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#6 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#7 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005b.html#12 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#67 intel's Vanderpool and virtualization in general
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#43 Secure design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#50 Secure design
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005h.html#13 Today's mainframe--anything to new?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#30 Public disclosure of discovered vulnerabilities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#12 Flat Query
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#37 PDP-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#34 PDP-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#13 What part of z/OS is the OS?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006s.html#7 Very slow booting and running and brain-dead OS's?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#42 vmshare
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#11 Multiple mappings
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006y.html#16 "The Elements of Programming Style"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#26 user level TCP implementation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#25 LAX IT failure: leaps of faith don't work
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#17 Oddly good news week: Google announces a Caps library for Javascript
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Flash memory arrays Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 13:59:29DASDBill2@AOL.COM (, IBM Mainframe Discussion List) writes:
san jose plant site (disk unit) now belongs to hitachi. most recent,
hitachi talking about selling off the unit.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#33 Hitachi, Silver Lake in talks about hard drives, sources say
a few other references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003d.html#9 IBM says AMD dead in 5yrs ... -- Microsoft Monopoly vs. IBM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#25 TGV in the USA?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003n.html#39 DASD history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006.html#21 IBM up for grabs?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#18 RAMAC 305(?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#14 50th Anniversary of invention of disk drives
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#15 50th Anniversary of invention of disk drives
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#20 50th Anniversary of invention of disk drives
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 14:44:05Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
also:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#20 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#22 folklore indeed
back in the early 80s, the (integrity/security) state-of-the-art was starting to work on things like collusion countermeasures. the issue of insiders (being primary source of fraud) was being addressed by things like separation of duties, privileges, and permissions. the insider fraud scenarios were then starting to combat separation of duties/etc with collusion (involving multiple participants/insiders).
going on the same time were the strictly stand-alone personal computers ... which gave no thought to countermeasures against threats and vulnerabilities (privileges and permissions). some of them were strictly stand-alone ... being able to provide terminal emulation ... but then they would rely on the integrity and security measures of the systems they were connecting to. even when these stand-alone personal computers started to be networked in closed, small departmental networks ... there was still little concern for countermeasures addressing threats and vulnerabilities (security and integrity, industrial strength dataprocessing, ... not limited to fraud ... but also issues like availability and denial-of-service attacks).
misc. past posts on the subject of fraud, threats, risks,
vulnerabilities and/or exploits
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#fraud
things somewhat started to fall apart when a combination of the internet started to become wide-spread (w/o its own infrastructure for dealing with threats, vulnerabilities, integrity, security, availability, aka industrial strength data processing) along with the network attachments of the personal computer descendants (also w/o provisions for dealing with threats, vulnerabilities, integrity, security, availability, etc).
misc. past posts mentioning assurance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#assurance
another theme that threads thru some of this is role-based-access-control (RBAC). part of the problem with fine-grain permissions is that an organization may have several hundred (thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions) of individuals and comparable number of different permissions. a security officer then is tasked with deciding which of the possibly hundreds of thousands of permissions go to each of the hundreds of thousands of individuals.
so one of the solutions is define a role metaphor ... which consists of very specific set of permissions to do very defined set of activity. now one of the objectives in this exercise (at least in theory dating back to the early 80s) was to partition the roles/permissions in such a way to address the collusion countermeasure opportunities. the problem is that usually by the time things get to actual deployments in the real world ... all the implicit assumptions about permissions, roles, and collusion countermeasures has been lost ... and some administrator assigns multiple roles to the same individual ... in order to achieve some organizational objective (which frequently will subvert any careful work designing the roles/permissions for collusion countermeasures).
now even into the current internet era ... studies still show that up to 70percent of fraud (things like data/security breaches leading to various kinds of account and/or identity fraud) still involves insiders (consist with long-term statistics). in many of the current internet situations ... the lack of integrity features so obfuscate the insider/outsider issues ... that insiders can leavage the ambiguity.
so one of the issues is when the integrity/security state-of-the-art gets back to where things were 25yrs ago in the early 80s ... and start to see attention being focused again on collusion countermeasures (as opposed to current situation where it is extremely difficult to just sort out the insider/outsider issues).
misc. past posts mentioning insiders/outsiders and/or collusion
countermeasures:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm3.htm#kiss10 KISS for PKIX. (authentication/authorization seperation)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn4 assurance, X9.59, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#pcards The end of P-Cards?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm7.htm#auth Who or what to authenticate?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm9.htm#pkcs12d A PKI Question: PKCS11-> PKCS12
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay11.htm#37 Who's afraid of Mallory Wolf?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#10 Federated Identity Management: Sorting out the possibilities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm12.htm#33 two questions about spki
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm12.htm#44 Identity Theft More Often an Inside Job
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm12.htm#58 Time to ID Identity-Theft Solutions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#1 Who's afraid of Mallory Wolf?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#12 Tackling security threats from within
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm14.htm#28 Maybe It's Snake Oil All the Way Down
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#38 Study: ID theft usually an inside job
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#39 The future of security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#47 authentication and authorization ... addenda
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#50 authentication and authorization (was: Question on the state of the security industry)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm17.htm#60 Using crypto against Phishing, Spoofing and Spamming
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm18.htm#6 dual-use digital signature vulnerability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm18.htm#17 should you trust CAs? (Re: dual-use digital signature vulnerability)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm18.htm#29 EMV cards as identity cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm18.htm#49 one more time now, Leading Cause of Data Security breaches Are Due to Insiders, Not Outsiders
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm19.htm#17 What happened with the session fixation bug?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm19.htm#19 "SSL stops credit card sniffing" is a correlation/causality myth
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#2 GP4.3 - Growth and Fraud - Case #3 - Phishing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#3 GP4.3 - Growth and Fraud - Case #3 - Phishing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#27 Meccano Trojans coming to a desktop near you
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#33 Meccano Trojans coming to a desktop near you
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm22.htm#36 Unforgeable Blinded Credentials
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#0 Separation of Roles - an example
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#9 PGP "master keys"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#10 PGP "master keys"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm23.htm#44 ThreatWatch - markets in loss, Visa's take, 419 "chairmen"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#5 New ISO standard aims to ensure the security of financial transactions on the Internet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#7 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#10 Naked Payments IV - let's all go naked
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#36 Interesting bit of a quote
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#40 Interesting bit of a quote
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm24.htm#48 more on FBI plans new Net-tapping push
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#13 Sarbanes-Oxley is what you get when you don't do FC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm25.htm#41 Why security training is really important (and it ain't anything to do with security!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm26.htm#7 Citibank e-mail looks phishy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#31 The bank fraud blame game
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#52 more on firing your MBA-less CSO
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#53 Doom and Gloom spreads, security revisionism suggests "H6.5: Be an adept!"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm27.htm#60 Retailers try to push data responsibilities back to banks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001c.html#45 PKI and Non-repudiation practicalities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#38 distributed authentication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#54 Does "Strong Security" Mean Anything?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#12 A terminology question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#14 Mainframers: Take back the light (spotlight, that is)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#35 Security and e-commerce
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#14 Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004i.html#5 New Method for Authenticated Public Key Exchange without Digital Certificates
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004i.html#16 New Method for Authenticated Public Key Exchange without Digital Ceritificates
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004j.html#15 US fiscal policy (Was: Bob Bemer, Computer Pioneer,Father of ASCII,Invento
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004j.html#37 Vintage computers are better than modern crap !
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#33 Good passwords and security priorities
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#37 MVS secure configuration standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005g.html#38 MVS secure configuration standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005i.html#1 Brit banks introduce delays on interbank xfers due to phishing boom
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005i.html#11 Revoking the Root
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005j.html#52 Banks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#1 More on garbage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#55 Encryption Everywhere? (Was: Re: Ho boy! Another big one!)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#29 Importing CA certificate to smartcard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005l.html#35 More Phishing scams, still no SSL being used
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005o.html#2 X509 digital certificate for offline solution
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005v.html#2 ABN Tape - Found
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006c.html#35 X.509 and ssh
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006d.html#26 Caller ID "spoofing"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006d.html#28 Caller ID "spoofing"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006d.html#30 Caller ID "spoofing"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#26 Debit Cards HACKED now
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#44 Does the Data Protection Act of 2005 Make Sense
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#15 Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#26 Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#4 Passwords for bank sites - change or not?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#16 Value of an old IBM PS/2 CL57 SX Laptop
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#23 Value of an old IBM PS/2 CL57 SX Laptop
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#33 Password Complexity
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006n.html#32 The System/360 Model 20 Wasn't As Bad As All That
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006p.html#9 New airline security measures in Europe
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#40 New attacks on the financial PIN processing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#43 New attacks on the financial PIN processing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#2 New attacks on the financial PIN processing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#42 On sci.crypt: New attacks on the financial PIN processing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006v.html#49 Patent buster for a method that increases password security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#14 IBM ATM machines
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#42 The logic of privacy
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#13 special characters in passwords
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#20 How many 36-bit Unix ports in the old days?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#33 security engineering versus information security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#60 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#10 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#11 Decoding the encryption puzzle
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#32 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#35 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#43 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#39 Silly beginner questions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#75 Securing financial transactions a high priority for 2007
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#28 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#65 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#35 My Dream PC -- Chip-Based
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#85 PCI Compliance - Encryption of all non-console administrative access
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#94 PCI Compliance - Encryption of all non-console administrative access
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#0 The Unexpected Fact about the First Computer Programmer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#11 what does xp do when system is copying
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#72 Value of SSL client certificates?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#74 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#94 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#4 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#5 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#9 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#36 1970s credit cards, was: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Re-hosting IMB-MAIN Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 15:16:59Thomas.Kern@HQ.DOE.GOV (Thomas Kern) writes:
on (vm-based) bitnet/earn:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet
including the following reference:
1991
The international BITNET network reached its peak, connecting some 1,400
organizations in 49 countries for the electronic, non-commercial
exchange of information in support of research and education. Thanks
largely to the volunteer efforts of Eric Thomas, BITNET provided
thousands of electronic mailing lists based on LISTSERV.
Eric Thomas did not want his software to disappear with the
mainframes. Therefore, he started looking for ways to port LISTSERV to
other environments, such as VMS and Unix.
... snip ...
from this site:
http://www.lsoft.com/corporate/history_listserv.asp
predating listserv on bitnet was the internal corporate vm-based online conferencing facility that had options that would run in LISTSERV-like mode as well as a USENET-like mode.
and predating all of them was the online computer conference that
Tymshare provided to share starting aug76 ... archives:
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/
on their vm-based commercial timesharing platform
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#timeshare
some old email with vmshare references
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#vmshare
one of my hobbies was providing custom, highly modified vm systems to
internal locations ... including the HONE infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
which had sort of started out after the 23jun69 unbundling announcement
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#unbundle
to provide operating system "hands-on" experience for people in branch offices (running in virtual machines ... starting out with number of deployed cp67 systems). HONE also evolved some number of cms/apl based sales & marketing applications which came to dominate all HONE activity. Eventually HONE "clones" were deployed all over the world ... and it wasn't even possible to submit a customer order that hadn't first been processed by a HONE application.
part of what i was doing with vmshare ... was setting up a process where I replicate all the vmshare files (from tymshare) on the various HONE systems.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: No Glory for the PDP-15 Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,alt.sys.pdp10 Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 16:15:30Johnny Billquist <bqt@update.uu.se> writes:
... he claimed that at one point some agency showed him a translated 300pg russian fighter pilot training manual ... which turned out to be almost word-for-word the manual he had written ... with minor changes like kph for mph.
for other topic drift ... recent post with a "space command" uniform
patch:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#48 cold war again
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: MapReduce - a Major Step Backwards? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 16:48:59MapReduce - a Major Step Backwards?
from above:
As both educators and researchers, we are amazed at the hype that the
MapReduce proponents have spread about how it represents a paradigm
shift in the development of scalable, data-intensive applications.
MapReduce may be a good idea for writing certain types of
general-purpose computations, but to the database community, it is:
1. A giant step backward in the programming paradigm for large-scale
data intensive applications
2. A sub-optimal implementation, in that it uses brute force instead of indexing
3. Not novel at all -- it represents a specific implementation of well
known techniques developed nearly 25 years ago
4. Missing most of the features that are routinely included in current DBMS
5. Incompatible with all of the tools DBMS users have come to depend on
... snip ...
misc. posts about original relational/sql implementation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr
and some recent posts about a different aspect of indexing ... the
discussion/contention that went on between the system/r group and people
in stl working on "60s databases" ... aka abstracting away the "direct
record pointer" paradigm with implicit indexes.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#68 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
mapreduce wiki page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapReduce
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: MapReduce - a Major Step Backwards? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 19:56:21cb@mer.df.lth.se (Christian Brunschen) writes:
part of the argument was that brute force was less efficient than using
indexes. but as referenced in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#68 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
the (relational) building of indexes was much less efficient than the earlier DBMS that had direct record pointers (w/o indexes).
other recent posts mentioning the same argument
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006e.html#46 using 3390 mod-9s
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006m.html#32 Old Hashing Routine
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#22 Cache-Size vs Performance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#27 Generalised approach to storing address details
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#14 Cycles per ASM instruction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#66 IBM System z9
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#54 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#86 IBM mainframe history, was Floating-point myths
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 20:38:15lindy.mayfield@SSF.SAS.COM (Lindy Mayfield) writes:
from above:
The following routine allows the SVC "POST" as used in MVS/ESA to be
bypassed whenever the corresponding WAIT has not yet been executed,
provided that the supervisor WAIT and POST routines use COMPARE AND SWAP
to manipulate event control blocks (ECBs).
... snip ...
i.e. charlie had been working on fine grain multiprocessor locking for
cp67 at the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
when he invented the compare&swap instruction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
note compare&swap was chosen because CAS are charlie's initials.
trying to get the instruction into the 370 architecture was initially rebuffed since the pok favorite son operating system claimed that test&set ... carried forward from 360 multiprocessor days, was all that was necessary. the statement was made that in order to get compare&swap into 370 architecture required coming up with uses that weren't multiprocessor specific. came up with the multitasking/multithreaded examples ... which were included in the compare&swap programming examples.
A.6 Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing Examples
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9ZR003/A.6?SHELF=DZ9ZBK03&DT=20040504121320
more recently the perform locked operation instruction was defined ... and added to the above description.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Tap and faucet and spellcheckers Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2008 03:14:27Charlton Wilbur <cwilbur@chromatico.net> writes:
but more recently performance started to pick up
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006q.html#51 Intel abandons USEnet news
and got even better when i automated the initial set of tabs (instead of
a bookmark folder) with wget and then passed URLs to the browser of only
new stuff
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#8 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: windows time service Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2008 03:39:20kkt <kkt@zipcon.net> writes:
one of the groups we talked to the 1-800 lookup people ... they had 5-nines availability requirement and were using a system that had hardware redundant circuits for availability. however, even limiting to once annual scheduled downtime for software maintenance ... blew something like a century of outage budget.
the ha/cmp solution would roll the updates thru the replicated systems ... since availability was from system replication rather than hardware circuit redundancy (and the interface between the phone company switch and the 1-800 lookup system would redrive requests that weren't answered ... masking any ha/cmp fall-over transition).
the replicated system solution met the 5-nines requirement and cost less than the redundant circuit system. the counter was that the redundant circuit system could also install replicated systems ... but that effectively blew the justification of having the cost & expensive of a hardware redundant circuit system.
note that part of this also harkens back to study that jim did in early 80s about the shift from hardware to software being primary source of failures.
also with the reduction in system costs and communication costs, geographic redundant systems were starting to become economically feasable for more applications ... and with improvement in the availability of other components, various kinds of infrastructure failures were becoming more of a factor.
when we doing ha/cmp marketing, we also coined the terms disaster
survivability and geographic survivability (attempting to
differentiate from disaster/recovery).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#available
we also got asked to write a section in the corporate continuous availability strategy document ... but it got pulled when both rochester (i.e. as/400) and pok (mainframes) complained that it couldn't (yet) be met by their products.
past posts mentioning 5-nines availability:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#50 Egghead cracked, MS IIS again
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#10 HP-UX will not be ported to Alpha (no surprise)exit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#47 five-nines
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#28 Buffer overflow
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#67 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002p.html#54 Newbie: Two quesions about mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003c.html#50 Filesystems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#24 Relational Model and Search Engines?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#6 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#7 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005k.html#23 More on garbage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005o.html#18 Data communications over telegraph circuits
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005s.html#18 winscape?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006d.html#22 IBM 610 workstation computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#42 The very first text editor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#56 Is computer history taught now?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#44 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#64 folklore indeed
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: windows time service Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2008 03:56:43kkt <kkt@zipcon.net> writes:
later, after we left and were out consulting ... i've mentioned that we got called in to consult with a small client/server startup that wanted to do payment transactions on their servers ... and they had this technology they had invented called SSL, that they wanted to use.
as somewhat might be expected, the initial (internet) payment gateway
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway
we deployed, used an ha/cmp fall-over platform that had redundant/diverse connections into different places in the internet backbone.
there were also some amount of compensating procedures that we
had to invent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#37 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#22 folklore indeed
for other topic drift, when we had started ha/cmp project ... one of the first things was a detailed threat and vulnerability analysis of tcp/ip protocol ... which came up with a number of deficiencies ... especially from the standpoint of industrial strength dataprocessing.
i've mentioned before that about the same time we were consulting on
this thing that came to be called electronic commerce ... the largest
online service provider started having crashes in its internet interface
boxes. this apparently went on for a period of three months while they
brought in all the experts from around the world. finally one day,
somebody flew out and bought me a hamburger after work ... and explained
the symptoms while i ate the hamburger. i commented that it was one of
the things that we had identified in the original ha/cmp detailed threat
and vulnerability analysis and gave him a q&d patch that he applied
later that night. ... misc. past posts mentioning the event:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004g.html#11 Infiniband - practicalities for small clusters
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#51 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006i.html#6 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#8 Special characters in passwords was Re: RACF - Password rules
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#40 what does xp do when system is copying
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Tap and faucet and spellcheckers Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2008 09:51:29greymaus <greymausg@mail.com> writes:
browser is currently firefox ... wget and process is driven by shell script. if firefox is already running and it is invoked again with url as argument ... it eventually finds the currently running instance and passes the URL for loading in new tab. i cut a little more overhead by copying part of the firefox invokation shell and then directly invoking the firefox binary ...
while read http ; do firefox-bin -nosplash -new-tab "$http" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null sleep 1 done <$filenamethere is issue with some webservers ... if the same (client) ip-address hits the webserver with too many closely spaced requests ... it starts rejecting them (i.e. the "sleep 1" spacing in the loop).
there is some preprocessing that splits URL list into separate files
... with URLs for same webserver in the same file. it then uses "gmake
-j" parameter to control how many instances of the above shell is being
run concurrently (from separate files). past post mentioning use
in URL concurrent loading
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#10 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
the wget processing saves each previous (starting) webserver page and
does a diff ... to just get out the "new" URLs. It then uses sqlite to
coax out the current browser URL history and further discards URLs
already seen. previous reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#30 tab browsing
reference from original post mentioning hardware configuration
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005n.html#8 big endian vs. little endian, why?
and things getting extremely slow. however multi-tab performance has gotten significantly better with transition to firefox and its evolution.
processor is intel 3.4mhz with multithreaded enabled (aka emulated two processor, not multicore) with 4gbyte of memory. even at its worse with close to thousand tabs ... browser would barely crack a gigabyte ... and newer versions have gotten significantly more memory efficient.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: windows time service Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2008 10:13:49Morten Reistad <first@last.name> writes:
we compiled quite a bit of these as part of product positioning,
feature/function requirements and marketing ... as well as spent quite a
bit of time with SIAC ... at the time was it was in one of the bldgs
that is no longer there. .... siac is no longer independent
website/company (get redirected here using www.siac.com):
http://www.nyse.com/productservices/techservices/1163761403398.html
there was a different datacenter on the west coast in a large skyscraper that did currency trading. the claim was that the earnings in 24hrs was more than the annual lease on the whole bldg. plus the annual earnings of everybody that worked in that bldg.
an earlier one that we worked with was boeing which had replicated the renton datacenter in everett. the analysis was required geographic separation (for majority of disasters) was 40miles (modulo ignoring common failure modes). their justification was that business cost to company of one week outage of the renton datacenter was more than the cost of the renton datacenter.
much, much earlier as undergraduate ... i was brought in to help getting BCS going (boeing moving majority of its datacenter operations into independent subsidiary ... sort of changing it from a "cost" center to ... at least, on paper, a "profit" center) ... and thot renton was the largest datacenter in the period.
of course later, i found out from boyd ... that he had run a larger
datacenter in the period in the far east at "Spook Base" (a $2.5b
"windfall" for ibm)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005t.html#1 Dangerous Hardware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005t.html#2 Dangerous Hardware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005t.html#5 Dangerous Hardware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006u.html#51 Where can you get a Minor in Mainframe?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#13 The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#4 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#69 Lean and Mean: 150,000 U.S. layoffs for IBM?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#60 Scholars needed to build a computer history bibliography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#53 Damn
misc. other boyd postings
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Tap and faucet and spellcheckers Newsgroups: alt.usage.english,alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2008 12:42:22Oleg Lego <rat@atatatat.com> writes:
was with short overcast/gray drissly days in the winter. we had done a several month temporary assignment previously in the area ... and my wife suffered greatly with the seasonal disorder thing.
it didn't particularly bother me ... and i had some earlier experience
in the area ... recent reference to having been brought in to help get
bcs going:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#36 windows time service
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: What do YOU call the # sign? Newsgroups: alt.usage.english,alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2008 13:51:52jmfbahciv writes:
in earlier, higher production days, many of these operations had a much smaller retirement population ... making retirement payments purely out of current operating profits (rather than having a fully funded retirement plan) created the impression of significantly higher operating margins and profits (however they were actually incurring extremely significant unfunded liabilities). in some cases, it was purposefully done ... take out everything you can now and sometimes appearing to be the golden boy on wall street ... and leaving it to somebody else to deal with the resulting mess
misc. posts mentioning unfunded liabilities, non-fully funded retirement
plans, (gov) pension benefit guaranty corp, ... and when the problems
eventually came home to roost ... declaring bankruptcy to get out from
under the liabilities (handing them off to the gov).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004l.html#37 I am an ageing techy, expert on everything. Let me explain
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#27 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006o.html#61 Health Care
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#20 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#22 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007j.html#91 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#26 2007 Year in Review on Mainframes - Interesting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#39 competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#65 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2008 16:50:11Kelli Halliburton <kelli217@gmail.corn.invalid> writes:
there have been discussion along the lines that the stand-alone
personal computer (gaming and other applications) have diametrically
opposing (security and integrity) requirements from the internet
appliance. trying to satisfy both market segments with single
solution was going to make lots of people unhappy. related posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#7 Hypervisors May Replace Operating Systems As King Of The Data Center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#5 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#37 Tap and faucet and spellcheckers
with the business desktop having yet again somewhat different set of
(security and integrity) requirements.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#2 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#3 Why Security Modelling doesn't work -- the OODA-loop of today's battle
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#4 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#6 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#7 Why Security Modelling doesn't work -- the OODA-loop of today's battle
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#8 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#9 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm28.htm#11 Death of antivirus software imminent
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#8 Virtualization still hot, death of antivirus software imminent
part of this particular thread:
Virtualization still hot, death of antivirus software imminent, VC says
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/121707-how-the-feds-are-dropping-the-ball-side-2.html
from above:
Another trend Maeder predicts for 2008 is, at long last, the death of
antivirus software and other security products that allow employees to
install and download any programs they'd like onto their PCs, and then
attempt to weed out the malicious code. Instead, products that protect
endpoints by only allowing IT-approved code to be installed will become
the norm.
... snip ...
aka ... the business desktop having different security and integrity requirements than the home, personal, personal computer ... and the internet appliance.
in the past i've been tempted to use transportation analogies like trying to make a 'vette also serve as a 2.5ton truck and an 8-passenger suburban soccer-mom kid hauler.
part of the virtual appliance scenarios have been even further
partitioning and isolating different modes of operation. a few recent
posts about virtual appliance (and server virtual machines)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006t.html#46 To RISC or not to RISC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#25 To RISC or not to RISC
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#6 Multics on Vmware ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006x.html#8 vmshare
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#36 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#26 user level TCP implementation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#48 John W. Backus, 82, Fortran developer, dies
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#67 Operating systems are old and busted
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#70 Is Parallel Programming Just Too Hard?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#3 Hypervisors May Replace Operating Systems As King Of The Data Center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#25 VMware: New King Of The Data Center?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#4 Why do we think virtualization is new?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#26 Oracle Introduces Oracle VM As It Leaps Into Virtualization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#35 Oracle Introduces Oracle VM As It Leaps Into Virtualization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#39 New, 40+ yr old, direction in operating systems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#41 New, 40+ yr old, direction in operating systems
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007u.html#81 IBM mainframe history, was Floating-point myths
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#75 virtual appliance
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#80 software preservation volunteers ( was Re: LINC-8 Front Panel Questions)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#59 old internal network references
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: windows time service Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 00:12:51CBFalconer <cbfalconer@yahoo.com> writes:
a few years ago we were dealing with the large financial settlement
system ... which at the time, had one hundred percent availability for
nearly a decade. they attributed the 100percent availability to:
1) ims hot-standby
2) automated operator
the ims hot-standby system was triple redundant at two geographically
separated locations.
long ago and far away, my wife had been con'ed into going to pok to be
in charge of (mainframe) loosely-coupled (mainframe for cluster)
architecture. while there she created Peer-Coupled Shared Data
architecture
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#shareddata
however, it didn't get a lot of uptake until the much more recent sysplex stuff ... except for the ims group doing hot-standby (the lack of uptake contributed to her not staying long in the position).
the large financial settlement scenario was that hardware and even software had gotten extremely reliable ... triple redundant systems at geographically separated locations handled the normal disaster scenario.
the other issue was that as hardware and software errors became less & less of an issue ... human mistakes were starting to become a major failure mode. automated operator went a long way towards eliminating lots of human mistake poossibilities.
for other topic drift ... recent mention helping the ims group with some
of their provisioning issues
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#17 Flash memory arrays
and old email regarding jim leaving for tandem and palming off various
things onto me (including consulting with the ims database group)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801006
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801016
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#1 "The Elements of Programming Style"
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 08:34:57Gene Wirchenko <genew@ocis.net> writes:
recent post mentioning 43xx vis-a-vis 3033 ... referencing some of the
current "on-demand" computing was (at least partially) to address the
long lead time for traditional glasshouse dataprocessing upgrades:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#8 on-demand computing
old email referencing large gov. customer start out looking
at getting 20 4341s and then moving to a couple hundred
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#email790404b
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
other old 43xx email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#43xx
past posts listing decade of vax sales, sliced & diced by
US, non-us, model, year, etc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#0 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#31 PDP-1
it shows by the mid-80s, that mid-range market was starting to move away from traditional vax (and 43xx) machines (and shift to workstations and large PC).
for a little other topic drift ... recent mention
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#75 Rotary phones
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#27 Re-hosting IMB-MAIN
of the size of the internal network
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
and similar technology being used for bitnet/earn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet
... that the number of nodes on (just) the internal network was larger than the arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until sometime mid-85.
... the installation of the above referenced gov. order of couple hundred 43xx machines with its own network ... would have also been larger than the size of the arpanet/internet at the time.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: windows time service Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 09:08:58Morten Reistad <first@last.name> writes:
of course, but there was lots of intra-corporate politics going on at
all times. have a statement in corporate continuous availability
strategy document that is met by some products ... would always have
complaints from the products that couldn't meet it. misc. posts
mentioning availability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#available
these intra-corporate politics went on all the time.
i've posted before about the communication group non-concurring with the announcement of APPN. This was originally specified in "AWP164" ... and at the time APPN was to be announced ... the person responsible for APPN and I both reported to the same executive. The objection by the communication group not announcing APPN was eventually escalated and after several weeks, the announcement letter was carefully rewritten to not imply there was any conceivable connection between APPN and SNA.
I've also posted before about having noted that MVS had 15min MTBF
attempting to run in the disk engineering lab.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk
I had taken to completely rewrite i/o supervisor (so there would never
be a system failure) allowing the disk engineering and product test
labs could do "testcell" (devices under development) concurrent
(on-demand) testing in operating system environment (compared to
having to schedule dedicated, stand-alone time one testcell at a
time). There was a purely internal document describing the work and
also happening to mention the 15min MTBF for MVS. This resulted in
huge number of objections from the MVS RAS organization (including
folklore that the MVS RAS group managed to shoot down a corporate
award for the work ... even tho the work significantly improved the
productivity of the disk development activity). misc. past posts
mentioning MVS RAS (reliability, availability, service):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003g.html#14 Page Table - per OS/Process
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004o.html#15 360 longevity, was RISCs too close to hardware?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005f.html#49 Moving assembler programs above the line
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#28 What is "command reject" trying to tell me?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007c.html#42 Keep VM 24X7 365 days
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#33 IBM S/360 series operating systems history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#48 time spent/day on a computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#58 3350 failures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#25 Tap and faucet and spellcheckers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#27 Tap and faucet and spellcheckers
past posts mentioning AWP164 (APPN):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#52 Need Help defining an AS400 with an IP address to the mainframe
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006k.html#21 Sending CONSOLE/SYSLOG To Off-Mainframe Server
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#45 Mainframe Linux Mythbusting (Was: Using Java in batch on z/OS?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#48 6400 impact printer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007b.html#49 6400 impact printer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#55 Is computer history taugh now?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007h.html#39 sizeof() was: The Perfect Computer - 36 bits?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007l.html#62 Friday musings on the future of 3270 applications
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007o.html#72 FICON tape drive?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#46 Are there tasks that don't play by WLM's rules
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007r.html#10 IBM System/3 & 3277-1
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: IT managers stymied by limits of x86 virtualization Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 09:18:52Quadibloc <jsavard@ecn.ab.ca> writes:
and
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#41 IT managers symied by limits of x86 virtualization
recent article looking at some barriers to uptake:
Is Vendor Stubbornness Stalling Virtualization?
http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/61280.html
from above:
Another possible roadblock that has started to loom larger is the dearth
of formal support for virtualization by application vendors. That can
result in "a lot of finger-pointing" if the virtualization, operating
system and application vendors aren't willing to step up and fix
problems, said Forrester Research analyst Christopher Voce.
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: China's Godson-2 processor takes center stage Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 09:20:46China's Godson-2 processor takes center stage
from above:
Will a Chinese-made chip one day threaten Intel's dominance of the
global microprocessor market?
That was one of the questions raised by recent media coverage of an
In-Stat report that detailed the features of China's Godson-2 processor
and highlighted similarities with MIPS Technologies's MIPS instruction
set and the architecture of an earlier chip, MIPS Technologies' R10000.
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: windows time service Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 12:24:25Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
for other drift, one of the side-effects of providing operating
system for the disk engineering and product test labs.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk
was frequently when there was a problem ... i might get blameed and be asked to come in and "fix" the software problem (i.e. system no longer crashed when hardware didn't perform to specification, but would complain). as a result, i would have to get involved in diagnosing numerous hardware problems ... and in some more severe cases have to identify that the hardware implementation had deviated from the design specifications.
as to the issues with internal corporate polictics ... they are somewhat typical of many large bureaucracies
in this thread from last year
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#0 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#3 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#4 IBM Unionization
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007k.html#5 IBM Unionization
I noted that on meeting boyd
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd
I felt some amount of kinship ... example is this boyd quote
at the dedication of boyd hall at nellis afb:
http://www.belisarius.com/modern_business_strategy/moore/mie_33.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20020217191358/http://belisarius.com/modern_business_strategy/moore/mie_33.htm
from above:
There are two career paths in front of you, and you have to choose
which path you will follow. One path leads to promotions, titles, and
positions of distinction.... The other path leads to doing things that
are truly significant for the Air Force, but the rewards will quite
often be a kick in the stomach because you may have to cross swords with
the party line on occasion. You can't go down both paths, you have to
choose. Do you want to be a man of distinction or do you want to do
things that really influence the shape of the Air Force? To be or to do,
that is the question. Colonel John R. Boyd, USAF 1927-1997
... snip ...
another example was in our hsdt (high-speed data transport) project
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt
where we were demonstrating high-speed backbone at T1 and higher speeds
... when most everybody else was doing 56kbytes (or slower) ... slightly
related recent reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#45 Are there tasks that don't play by WLM's rules
we had also been working outside the corporation with NSF on the same
topic and felt we contributed to NSFNET backbone rfp actually calling
for T1 implementation (again when most everybody else was doing 56kbit
or slower speed stuff). various old email mentioning some of the
work with educational institutions and NSF
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#nsfnet
and then we weren't allowed to bid. the director of NSF ... possibly in hopes of helping ... wrote a letter to the appropriate vice-president, copying the CEO ... that included mention that the backbone that we already had running internally was at least five years ahead of all nsfnet bid submissions (to build something new). the letter actually made the internal politics worse (rather than helping).
example of some of the stuff that went on was one of the emails
mentioned above
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#email870109
in this post:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#21 SNA/VTAM for NSFNET
attempting to create the impression internally, that SNA/VTAM could be
used for NSFNET. One of the people involved in that series of events was
also involved later in transferring our ha/cmp scale-up work (and having
us informed that we weren't to work on anything involving more than four
processors).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#15
we had been doing a lot of availability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#available
in the ha/cmp project
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
but also as noted, a lot of (commercial dataprocessing) scale-up;
some old email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
while the section in corporate continuous availability strategy document
might have offended some of the other product houses ... purely based on
being able to do geographically distributed availability
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#33 windows time service
... the commercial dataprocessing scale-up was possibly even more threatening. in any case, the effort got transferred and within two months announced as a supercomputer product ... with purely numerical intensive application focus ... and we were informed that we weren't to work on anything with more than four processors.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Usefulness of bidirectional read/write? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 13:17:36Who Cares <lon.stowell@comcast.net> writes:
and other old posts ... not only being able to recognize punch patterns
for alpha characters but whole ebcdic (256) punch pattern ... used it
when "patching" (compiler output) binary decks ... by faning the cards
to find the card for the appropriate hex address ... dup'ing the (old)
card columns and "multi-punching" the patch into the necessary columns.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/93.html#17 unit record & other controllers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#44 20th March 2000
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#75 Florida is in a 30 year flashback!
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#26 HELP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#27 HELP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#27 Is anybody out there still writting BAL 370.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#28 Is anybody out there still writting BAL 370.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#63 OT (sort-of) - Does it take math skills to do data processing ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#43 Binder REP Cards (Was: What's the linkage editor really wants?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#58 REP cards
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#64 Large Computer Rescue
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#51 IBM S/360 series operating systems history
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007f.html#78 What happened to the Teletype Corporation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007s.html#8 Anybody remember Keypunch cards?
part of the issue was that i had dedicated weekend time (48hr shift) on 360/30 developing an application ... which could take 30-60 minutes to re-assemble producing a new executable TXT deck ... while, in the case of simple patch ... could dup/patch a single replacement card in a minute or two.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 13:31:54gilmap@UNIX.STORTEK.COM (Paul Gilmartin) writes:
you have to remember that this was being written over 35yrs ago
... after the favorite son operating system people in pok claimed that
the compare&swap instruction wasn't necessary (for multiprocessor
operation); that test&set (carried forward from 360 multiprocessor) was
more than satisfactory.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
the challenge then to the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
... in order to get compare&swap justification for inclusion in 370 architecture ... was to come up with other uses ... that weren't multiprocessing specific. the result was some number of examples of its use in multiprogramming/multithreaded operation (that wasn't necessarily multiprocessing).
in any case, since then there have been several generations, allowing compare&swap instruction use to widely permeate through the infrastructure.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 13:57:26loga3870@COMCAST.NET (David Logan) writes:
the issue with atomic test&set was that it was a purely binary
value ... locked or not locked. charlie was working on fine-grain cp67
multiprocessing locking at the science center (virtual machine
operating system running on 360/67)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
when he invented compare&swap (as previously noted, CAS was chosen
because they are charlie's initials).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
compare&swap ... allowed for full word binary value ... as opposed to simple set/notset (or locked/notlocked) ... and compare-double&swap allowed for double word value atomic update.
in the multithreaded/multiprogramming scenario ... compare&swap allowed for atomic updating of a wide variety of values.
the test&set scenario allowed for "locking" a section of code, non-atomic update of value within the locked code section ... and then unlocking the code section. independent executing paths would arrive at the locked code section and "spin" until the other executable path had released the lock. the problem in the multiprogramming/multithreaded sequence ... is that the executable thread could be interrupted while doing the non-atomic update (but still holding the lock) ... with execution then passing to another thread which went into unending "spin-loop" (waiting for the suspended thread to release the lock).
as noted in the section added to the principles of operation were examples of atomic updates of more complex values (other than simple set/not-set) ... which could be used even in interruptable code. prior to compare&swap ... such multiprogramming/multithreaded operation had always required the overhead of supervisor call (for performing non-atomic updates in non-interruptable code ... and avoiding possible application spin loops).
from long ago and far away
A.6 Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing Examples
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9ZR003/A.6?SHELF=DZ9ZBK03&DT=20040504121320
for other topic drift ... it has now been 40yrs since three people from the science center came out and installed cp67 at the university.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: windows time service Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 14:13:34Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
and
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#33 windows time service
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#34 windows time service
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#36 windows time service
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#40 windows time service
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#42 windows time service
for other foklore topic drift ... two of the people mentioned in the
meeting referenced in
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
later show up at a small client/server startup responsible for
something called a commerce server and we were called in to consult
about doing payments transaction on the server ... misc. posts about
payment gateway supporting server payment transactions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway
this work has subsequently frequently came to be referred to as electronic commerce.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 17:08:34loga3870@COMCAST.NET (David Logan) writes:
was about quote from the principles of operation with regard to the example of post routine bypass:
A.6.3.1 Bypass Post Routine
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9ZR003/A.6.3.1?SHELF=DZ9ZBK03&DT=20040504121320&CASE=
from above:
The following routine allows the SVC "POST" as used in MVS/ESA to be
bypassed whenever the corresponding WAIT has not yet been executed,
provided that the supervisor WAIT and POST routines use COMPARE AND SWAP
to manipulate event control blocks (ECBs).
... snip ...
somebody then noted the caveate about supervisor WAIT & POST routines
using COMPARE AND SWAP ... and I replied that the original writeup was
over 35 yrs ago ... back to when the pok favorite son operating system
assumed that test&set was more than adequate for all purposes.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#47 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child
(atomic) test&set
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9ZR003/7.5.139?SHELF=DZ9ZBK03&DT=20040504121320
from above:
The leftmost bit (bit position 0) of the byte located at the
second-operand address is used to set the condition code, and then the
byte is set to all ones.
... snip ...
has always been defined to test a single bit and if it is zero ... sets the whole byte to ones (x"ff") as well as the corresponding condition code.
so the post routine bypass needs to do atomic replace of the whole word (or simulated atomic replace by executing in disabled kernel with code function locking).
for topic drift, quick search engine turns up this reference to ECB
field, wait, post (and other os simulation services):
https://web.archive.org/web/20061018155006/http://www.agorics.com/Library/KeyKos/Gnosis/190.html
from above:
SVC 2 - POST
POST is fully supported. Bit 0 of the ECB is set to 0, bit 1 is set
to 1, and bits 8-31 are set to the specified completion code.
... snip ...
recent post referencing gnosis and keykos
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#24 folklore indeed
but then a little more searching turns up this reference
Synchronizing Tasks (WAIT, POST, and EVENTS Macros)
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zos/v1r9/topic/com.ibm.zos.r9.ieaa600/tasks.htm
from above:
Figure 42. Event Control Block (ECB) 0 1 2 +---+---+-----------------------------------------------+ | W | P | completion code | +---+---+-----------------------------------------------+When an ECB is originally created, bits 0 (wait bit) and 1 (post bit) must be set to zero. If an ECB is reused, bits 0 and 1 must be set to zero before a WAIT, EVENTS ECB= or POST macro can be specified. If, however, the bits are set to zero before the ECB has been posted, any task waiting for that ECB to be posted will remain in the wait state. When a WAIT macro is issued, bit 0 of the associated ECB is set to 1. When a POST macro is issued, bit 1 of the associated ECB is set to 1 and bit 0 is set to 0. For an EVENTS type ECB, POST also puts the completed ECB address in the EVENTS table.
i.e.
initially both bits zero and one are zero.
wait specifies that bit zero is set to one.
post specifies that bit 0 is set to zero, bit one is set to one, and the rest of the word is filled in with complettion code.
test&set checks bit zero for being set to zero and then sets the whole byte to one.
... so discussing the post routine bypass scenario (from the orignal post) ... of a multithreaded operation performing a post operation ... when the "WAIT hasn't yet been executed" (i.e. both bits zero and one are still zero), an atomic replace occurs setting bit 0 to zero, bit 1 to one and the rest of the word to the completion code (as long both bits zero and one are still zero).
this is further dependent on the wait routine only doing an atomic setting of bit zero to one ... as long as both bits zero and one are still zero. unfortunately, test&set only tests bit zero for zero ... before setting the whole byte to one. that means that atomic test&set doesn't correctly perform the wait operation if the ECB has already been posted (since test&set is only checking bit zero for zero ... and not both bit zero and bit one).
past posts mentioning the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
and other posts mentioning multiprocessing support and/or compare&swap
instruction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 17:50:09loga3870@COMCAST.NET (David Logan) writes:
aka ... the ECB is defined as "testing" both bits zero and one ... where atomic test&set instruction only tests bit zero.
wait semantics defines that it tests that ECB isn't already being waited on (bit zero set to zero) and also tests that the ECB isn't already posted (bit one set to zero).
using test&set instruction will correctly handle an ECB that isn't already being waited on ... but will incorrectly handle an ECB that has already been posted (since test&set instruction *ONLY* tests bit zero before replacing the whole byte with ones).
the original operating system convention would always call the supervisor ... so it was non-interruptable when the ECB field was being updated ... and used test&set in multiprocessing configuration to serialize execution on the different processors.
moving to multiprogramming/multithreaded code w/o code serialization locks and code enabled for interrupts ... required atomic updates of the field ... based on update semantics following the rules for both bits 0 (wait) and one (post) ... not just a single bit ... aka wait processing honors ECB that is already being waited on ... bit 0, and/or has already been posted ... bit 1. test&set can only recognize an ECB that is already being waited on ... but won't recognize an ECB that has already been posted ... before it obliterates all the bits in the byte setting them all to one.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: China's Godson-2 processor takes center stage Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 18:52:32Quadibloc <jsavard@ecn.ab.ca> writes:
except if you have a whole country behind it ... that has just surpassed the US in number of internet users ... and possibly there is significant software development required in any case ... possibly because of things like language and cultural issues ... then it may actually have more of a chance ... especially with lots of things in flux ... like light-weight clients, virtual appliances, etc. which may have lots less legacy dependencies.
part of the issue isn't so much the software anymore ... but do you have a large enuf install base to fund the ongoing rounds of new chip development. some gov. economic policy might be able to legislate jump starting such critical mass.
there have been other articles on things like new operating system
http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/chinese_develop_a_new_operating_system/
for other mips related folklore ... recent post about one of the two
people responsible for (mainframe) pascal at los gatos vlsi lab ... went
on to be vp of software development at mips (before moving on to sun
after sgi bought mips)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#46 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
and for other drift, later the executive that we reported to when we
were doing ha/cmp
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
first moved over to head up somerset ... the joint operation turning
out power/pc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801
and then got hired by sgi to be president of mips (aug93) ... and was
there for the period turning out the r10000 (announced oct94).
http://www.cpushack.net/CIC/announce/1994/R10000announcement.html
we had already left previous activity the summer of 92 ...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#45 windows time service
and would periodically drop by mips during that r10000 period.
remember that ibm went into the red in '92 ... and has somewhat been reinventing itself ever since ... with more stress on services than hardware products.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: folklore indeed Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2008 20:17:56re:
and
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#20 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#22 folklore indeed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#24 folklore indeed
and for the fun of part of wiki darpa article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA
from above:
In the area of information processing, DARPA made great strides,
initially through its support of the development of time-sharing (all
modern operating systems rely on concepts invented for the Multics
system, developed by a cooperation between Bell Labs, General Electric
and MIT, which DARPA supported by funding Project MAC at MIT with an
initial two-million-dollar grant), and later through the evolution of
the ARPANET (the first wide-area packet switching network), Packet Radio
Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the Internet and
research in the artificial intelligence (AI) fields of speech
recognition and signal processing. DARPA also funded the development of
the Douglas Engelbart's NLS computer system and the Aspen Movie Map,
which was probably the first hypermedia system and an important
precursor of virtual reality.
... snip ...
having had some association with the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
starting 40yrs ago ... aka 3 people came out from the science center to install cp67 at the univ. the last week jan68 ... and then being at the science center for much of the 70s ... i saw a little of the influence of ctss on cp67 and the resulting evoluation of cp67 timesharing that went on the 4th flr (as well as the vm370 evolution) .. very independent of the work going on with multics on the 5th flr of the same bldg.
as a result i've jaundice view of the statement that *all modern operating systems rely on concepts invented for the Multics system*
the paragraph following the above:
The controversial Mansfield Amendment of 1973 expressly limited
appropriations for defense research (through ARPA/DARPA) to projects
with direct military application. Some contend that the amendment
devastated American science, since ARPA/DARPA was a major funding source
for basic science projects at the time;
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: windows time service Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2008 00:10:12Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
for other topic drift ... while we believe we contributed significantly to seeing that NSFNET backbone rfp specified T1 ... the winning bid didn't actually implement and deploy T1 computer interfaces. The winning bid only implementated and deployed 440kbit computer interfaces ... and I guess to meet the letter of the RFP, then used a telco box to multiplex three 440kbit links over a T1 circuit.
misc. past posts mentioning nsfnet
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2008 09:17:31jmfbahciv writes:
this has one set of statistics (for 2004)
http://www.financetech.com/featured/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=51O3U4P5UN4M0QSNDLOSKH0CJUNN2JVN?articleID=209900669
it claims transportation is 4cents of every food dollar ... but doesn't specificly say whether some of that is fuel costs or not. it has a separate break-out for "energy" (3.5cents of every food dollar) ... which might mean just fuel costs(?) ... possibly both for things like tractors during food production as well as trucks during transportation. wild assumption that "energy" might translate to fuel costs ... then doubling fuel costs (say from $2 to $4) could translate into a 3.5percent increase in food costs?
however, the break-out of 19.5cents (of every dollar) is "farm value" ... possibly means the cost of food at the farm property line (which would then include fuel and labor for food production). all the other values are subcategory of "marketing" (aka all costs after the food leaves the farm?).
this executive summary talks about some of the factors to
be considered ... but doesn't actually break out individual
components in detail:
http://www.leopold.iastate.edu/pubs/staff/ppp/summary.htm
however, it does mention looking how the avg. food transportation distance has increased over a couple decades ... and what are the possible effects on environment and costs (along with mentioning looking at local, regional and national food sources).
there has been past threads that majority of the highway and road infrastructure system costs are heavy truck related ... but are amortized over all road users ... which implies significant subsidy to trucking operation. this would also imply that true costs of heavy trucking operation are significantly under estimated ... aka if there were any national economic policy comparing various infrastructure alternatives ... to be accurate, it would have to look at the actual, fully-loaded costs.
posts posts mentioning road life-time and design costs are proportional
to heavy truck axle-loads
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#41 Transportation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#21 Spam Bomb
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2003i.html#57 TGV in the USA?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004c.html#20 Parallel programming again (Re: Intel announces "CT" aka
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004e.html#7 OT Global warming
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006f.html#44 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#2 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#5 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#6 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#7 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#10 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#12 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#15 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#19 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#24 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#26 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#32 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#35 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#46 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#48 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#49 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#50 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#51 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#52 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#53 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#54 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#56 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#57 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#59 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#60 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#61 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006g.html#62 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#0 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#1 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#2 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#3 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#5 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#6 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#11 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#23 The Pankian Metaphor
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007n.html#97 Loads Weighing Heavily on Roads
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007q.html#21 Horrid thought about Politics, President Bush, and Democrats
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2008 10:28:14Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
from previous posts, one scenario for actual, fully-loaded costs would be that gas road-use taxes for non-heavy trucks be dropped to a penny or two/gal (to accurate represent the effect their usage have on roads and highways) and shift nearly all of it (road use taxes) to heavy trucks ... which would then possibly be $300/gal(?) ... which would totally swamp the current petroleum specific charges.
accurately reflecting fully loaded costs might then change the ratio of local food production vis-a-vis national distribution.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Govt demands password to personal computer Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2008 12:41:51jmfbahciv writes:
there was news item last night that for some part of michigan, high school graduation rates have dropped to 25percent ...
even with all the past discussions about discord in the states over whether or not high school graduation proficiency tests require even 7th grade level achievement(?)
i've posted before about being upset over a math problem on 5th grade achievement test (that i had never been exposed to before) ... afterwards, when i asked, was told that it was something called algebra. over the course of that summer I manage to check out (and finish) all the math books from the county bookmobile ... only had up thru high school senior texts; turns out it had absolutely no effect on the local, fairly rural school system ... went thru the remaining public math education purely by standard rote. my grades did get docked for reading science fiction books during math classes.
misc. posts about otherwise not being idle during the summer
... including 4th of july, laying firecracker on plam of hand and
lighting it ... kids, don't try this at home ... it is matter of
calluses on the hand
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007m.html#18 Scholars needed to build a computer history bibliography
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007g.html#79 Working while young
however my language skills are considered much less well developed.
i had been doing a lot of online computer stuff ... including some early stuff starting in the late 70s that were sort of semi-automated discussion lists. i then got blamed for something referred to as "tandem memos" ... including 300pg paper copies (from the online/electronic communication) that were packaged in tandem 3ring binders and sent to all the members of the executive committee (ceo, pres, senior vps).
in the wake of that event, there was quite of few "studies" of the
phenomena. one of the results were "official" internal online
communication tools, recent reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#75 Rotary phones
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#27 Re-hosting IMB-MAIN
another was a researcher was payed to study how i communicated. they
sat in the back of my office for 9months, went to meetings with me, took
notes on how i communicated face-to-face, phone, and online. they had
copies of all my incoming and outgoing email as well as complete logs of
all instant messaging. the material was also used for a stanford phd
thesis (joint between computer ai and language) ... as well as other
papers and books. misc. past posts mentioning computer mediated
communication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
however, the reseacher had been a esl (english as second language) teacher in prior life ... and made the observation that my english skills are much more characteristic of a non-native speaker (even tho it is supposedly my native language).
random other tidbits from the phd thesis mentions that i communicated with an average of 275 different people per week (during the nine month study period) ... by comparison, my current communication volume is considered significantly mellowed (nearly 30yrs later).
misc. past posts with mention of tandem memos
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#5 New IBM history book out
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#6 New IBM history book out
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#7 New IBM history book out
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#31 Title Inflation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002k.html#39 Vnet : Unbelievable
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002o.html#73 They Got Mail: Not-So-Fond Farewells
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002q.html#16 cost of crossing kernel/user boundary
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002q.html#38 ibm time machine in new york times?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2004k.html#66 Question About VM List
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005c.html#50 [Lit.] Buffer overruns
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005d.html#37 Thou shalt have no other gods before the ANSI C standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2005q.html#5 What ever happened to Tandem and NonStop OS ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006h.html#9 It's official: "nuke" infected Windows PCs instead of fixing them
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#24 Google Architecture
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006l.html#51 the new math: old battle of the sexes was: PDP-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006r.html#11 Was FORTRAN buggy?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2006w.html#35 Top versus bottom posting was Re: IBM sues maker of Intel-based Mainframe clones
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007d.html#17 Jim Gray Is Missing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007e.html#48 time spent/day on a computer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007i.html#34 Internal DASD Pathing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007p.html#30 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2008 13:00:33gilmap@UNIX.STORTEK.COM (Paul Gilmartin) writes:
wait/post was svc into the kernel running disabled for interrupts ... and therefor would be "serialized" from the standpoint of other events.
the state of the multiprocessing art when charlie was working on fine-grain multiprocessor locking for cp67 (and invented compare&swap instruction) ... was single supervisor/kernel "spin-lock" ... i.e. a single kernel variable that all first level interrupts handlers would perform a "test&set" on initial entry.
if the test&set was successful, execution would continue thru the first level interrupt handler and into the rest of the kernel. if test&set was unsuccessful, the code would continue to branch back to the test&set instruction until successful. on leaving the kernel (for application/problem execution), the global kernel spin-lock would be cleared to zeros (allowing other processors to execute in the kernel).
implicit was that all wait/post operations were correctly serialized ... along with effectively all other kernel functions ... by combination of the kernel running disabled for interrupts ... and, on real multiprocessor, test&set serialization on the global kernel spin-lock.
as noted, with other organizations believing that test&set was adequate
for all multiprocessor functions ... the challenge given the science
center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
was to come up with compare&swap uses that weren't multiprocessor
specific. the result was the stuff that appears in the appendex
of the principles of opertion ... previous reference
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/dz9zr003/A.6?DT=20040504121320
where it was possible to implement correct, concurrent shared operations w/o requiring the overhead of kernel/supervisor calls (which achieved correctly serialized operation, in part by running disabled for asynchronous interrupts).
other past posts mentioning various multiprocessor and/or compare&swap
instruction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2008 13:59:43Walter Bushell <proto@oanix.com> writes:
i would claim that lesson learned from doing extensive work on dynamic adaptive resource management ... is that a fundamental principle/requirement is accurate metrics.
once accurate metrics were available then it would be possible to make rational policy decisions about resources.
early on, my resource management product was frequently referred to as "fair share" ... because it had a default resource allocation policy of "fair share" ... something that hadn't even been practical in other implementations (that lacked accurate resource metrics). it was actually capable of a variety of resource policies ... even attempting to rationalize multiple independent different concurrent policies.
however, none of it was possible until accurate metrics had been implemented.
misc. (mostly) computer-specific dynamic adaptive resource management
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#fairshare
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2008 14:49:54John.Mckown@HEALTHMARKETS.COM (McKown, John) writes:
A .. atomicity C .. consistency I .. isolation D .. durability
a wiki ref
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID
simpler example is two concurrent transactions, one a debit and one a credit ... attempting to update the *same* value.
say you have $5000 in savings account. there is a transaction that fetches the current value ... in order to subtract a $200 ATM debit. At the same time there is another transaction that is attempting to perform (add) an EFT $1000 deposit.
W/o the transaction serialization semantics, the EFT $1000 deposit concurrently fetches the current ($5000) value, adds $1000 and starts a store operation of the $6000 value ... concurrently while the ATM debit is performing the store of the $4800 value.
correct transaction atomic serialization, should result in correct $5800 when everything is done. w/o transaction atomic serialization, the $6000 "store" might be done followed by the $4800 "store" ... or the "4800" store might be done followed by the $6000 "store" (resulting in either $4800 or $6000, neither correct)
for the compare&swap scenario. The $4800 "store" only completes if the value being replaced is $5000 ... otherwise things start all over ... similarly, the $6000 "store" only completes if the value being replaced is $5000 ... otherwise things starts all over again.
in transaction systems, this is sometimes referred to as "optimistic"
... as opposed to purely serialized locking systems ... which only allow
one single transaction at a time to fetch a value ... and no other
transaction is allowed to fetch a value (or otherwise proceed) until the
active transaction has completed ... this is somewhat analogous to the
kernel spin-lock mentioned in previous description:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#58 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
the transaction properties for consistently updating two different values ... is somewhat more complicated ... than simple compare&swap. Doing a transfer from one account to another requires that two values (not just one) be correctly updated as a single, synchronized, serialized operation (w/o allowing other simultaneous transactions to corrupt the values).
in a few, carefully controlled situation it can be done by compare-double&swap. a savings account value and the debit account value are stored in contiguous storage locations. For a "transfer" operation, both values are fetched, and the appropriate changes (a subtraction from one and an addition to the other) are made to both values. then compare-double&swap is executed ... only succeeding with the replace of both values IFF (if & only if) neither value has changed since the original fetch operation. If either or both values have changed since the initial fetch (because other operations are concurrently attempting to change the same fields) ... then the store operations fail ... and the process starts all over again.
the other alternative ... for concurrent updates of multiple different values is to resort to something like the spin-lock scenario ... only allowing one processing to performing operations at a single time. As pointed out ... to avoid getting into trouble ... the active running transaction can't be interrupted while it is performing the "locked" operation.
compare&swap semantics tends to provide much higher level of concurrent operations with much lower overhead for providing correct serialized operation.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Geekonomics: The Real Cost of Insecure Software Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 05:07:00Geekonomics: The Real Cost of Insecure Software
from above:
Geekonomics attempts to stop them and can be deemed the software
equivalent of Unsafe at Any Speed. That tome warned us against driving
unsafe automobiles; Geekonomics does the same for insecure software.
... snip ...
i would claim that it is also related to my comment about the
principle of accurate metrics ... and the ability to efficiently
manage resources
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#59 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
also
The Real Cost of Insecure Software: The Foundation of Civilization
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1144083&rll=1
Geekonomics is also selected by:
CMP's Dr. Dobb's Announces Finalists for the 18th Annual Jolt Product Excellence
http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS120469+07-Jan-2008+PRN20080107
from above:
For the past 17 years, the Dr. Dobb's Jolt Product Excellence Awards
have been presented annually to showcase products that have "jolted" the
industry with their significance and made the task of creating software
faster, easier, and more efficient. Jolt Cola, the fabled soft drink
quaffed by software developers for sustenance during project development
marathons, sponsors the awards presentation.
... snip ...
for other topic drift ... long ago and far away, i was at a small weekend conference that had been selected to be betatest for jolt ... and they had large truck come in with cases of the product.
it was different world back then ... i think there were still things like people bringing unannounced vendor products for us to play with.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: 40 yrs of cp67 and cms Newsgroups: bit.listserv.vmesa-l,alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 05:19:2840 yrs of cp67 and cms ... not quite for the announce, since that happened at the spring '68 share meeting in houston. however, three people had come out from the cambridge science center the last week of jan68 to install cp67 at the univ.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 09:17:30relson@US.IBM.COM (Peter Relson) writes:
as stated in the above post ... the principles of operation wording is
from over 35yrs ago ... charlie had invented the compare&swap
instruction at the science center while doing fine-grain lock for cp67
... and the pok favorite son operating system people had rejected it
... i.e. the test&set was more than adequate for the global kernel
spin-lock multiprocessor support from 360 ... mention of global
spin-lock
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#58 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
the challenge given the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
was come up with example uses for compare&swap instruction
... other than (multiprocessor) locking operation ... some discussion
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#58 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
i.e. the compare&swap instruction can be used for atomic updates for whole class of operations w/o requiring "locking" operation (which would typically also require supervisor call into the kernel to have uninterruptable operation ... as a means of simulating atomic update). as mentioned in the above analogy with dbms financial transaction and optimistic operation ... that avoids lock ... if certain original conditions continue to hold when the transaction changes are actually made permanent.
so the wording in the principles of operation was from the stand-point that the pok favorite son operating system people still had to understand the implications of how compare&swap instruction could be used ... and then actually have the changes permeate their implementation.
my familiarity with cp67 dates back to when 3 people from the science
center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
came out to install cp67 at the univ the last week of jan68 (40yrs ago
this week)
one might claim that maybe that its time to update that 35+yr old perspective in the principles of operation compare&swap writeup.
A.6 Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing Examples
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9ZR003/A.6?SHELF=DZ9ZBK03&DT=20040504121320
other posts in this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#31 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#47 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#48 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#51 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#60 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
for some topic drift ... related to dbms operation ... misc. posts about
the original relational/sql project
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr
and transcriptions of '95 SQL reunion
http://www.mcjones.org/System_R/SQL_Reunion_95/index.html
there is mention of compare&swap in the discussion about use for
"locking"
http://www.mcjones.org/System_R/SQL_Reunion_95/sqlr95-Shoot-ou.html#Index311
in this session:
http://www.mcjones.org/System_R/SQL_Reunion_95/sqlr95-Shoot-ou.html
however, the speculation about the origin of compare&swap instruction was wrong (i.e. compare&swap was chosen because CAS are charlie's initials).
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Govt demands password to personal computer Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 09:24:06jmfbahciv writes:
with regard to ESL ... there was observation that my writing frequently has both english usage and spelling errors. i remember having discussions about possibly reasons for the characteristics ... but i don't remember if they showed up in the thesis or any of the other papers and books based on the research.
misc. collected posts mentioning computer mediated communication
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 10:40:37loga3870@COMCAST.NET (David Logan) writes:
some of it overlaps
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#27 Re-hosting IMB-MAIN
and some of it explained in these recent postings
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#57
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#64
starting in the late 70s, i had been doing semi-automated discussion groups and
mailing lists on the internal network
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet
which was larger than the arpanet/internet from just about the beginning until approx the summer of '85.
then somebody packaged up about 300pgs of hardcopy of the discussions, put them in 3ring tandem binders and sent them to everybody on the executive committee (ceo, pres, senior vps). there was also a article in datamation. i got blamed for all of it.
the result was a whole lot of corporate churn and investigations into this new phenonoma. part of results were internal tools deployed to "officially" support electronic online discussion. major tool could operate both in usenet kind of mode as well in mailing list kind of mode simultaneously (end user could select the option).
as noted this was on the internal network and distinct from both
bitnet/earn
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet
... although the subsequent listserv on bitnet had some similarities the internal tool.
for other topic drift ... old email from the person setting up
earn (in europe) looking for computer conferencing tools:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#email840320
as previously referenced listserv history not started until '86
in europe/earn:
http://www.lsoft.com/corporate/history_listserv.asp
i have this old joke about in the early 70s, going over to paris to set
up a HONE clone (i.e. internal online computing system) ... misc. past posts
mentioning HONE
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone
as part of the corporate EMEA hdqtrs move from ny to paris ... and having some difficulty reading my email back in the states.
one of the other outcomes was that there was a researcher paid to
study how i communicate ... they sat in the back of my office for nine
months, went with me to meetings, took notes on face-to-face, phone,
and electronic communication. they also had softcopy of all my
incoming and outgoing email as well as logs of all instant
messages. the resulting research was also used as a stanford phd
thesis (joint with computer ai and language) as well as subsequent
papers and books. misc. past posts related to computer mediated
conversation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#cmc
lots of past posts over the last dozen years or so discussing
compare&swap instruction and/or multiprocessor implementations
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
for slightly related drift as to references, URLs and posting
technology ... again go back to early days at the science center
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech
not only did the compare&swap instruction originate at the science center, but also virtual machine systems, a lot of interactive computing facilities as well as the internal network technology. one of the other things that were invented at the science center was gml (letters chosen for the first letter of the last names of the three people ... although most people are more familiar with generalized markup language) in 1969. gml has subsequently morphed into sgml, html, xml, etc.
reference to work at cern morphing sgml into html
http://infomesh.net/html/history/early/
and reference to first webserver outside europe on the slac vm system
(cern sister location)
http://www.slac.stanford.edu/history/earlyweb/history.shtml
for another reference there was this article in ibm systems mag. 3
years ago .... although some of the details are slightly garbled:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190524015712/http://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/stoprun/Stop-Run/Making-History/
there is also old joke at share circa 1974 ... when cern presented a paper about the results of a cms/tso bakeoff. the company couldn't restrict customer copies of the report ... but internal copies were marked confidential/restricted ... i.e. available on a need-to-know only (wouldn't want to contaminate employees with detailed TSO vis-a-vis CMS comparison).
in any case, i've been doing online for almost as long as i've been using cp67 ... 40yrs this week when three people came out the last week jan68 from the science center to install cp67 at the univ ... and a lot of what i use/do predate many of the current facilities that didn't show up until decades later.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 11:07:00Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
i.e. the ibm systems mag article talks about my postings and the archived (URL) references
the paper copy of the mag even included a picture of me sitting at home at a keyboard.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Govt demands password to personal computer Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 12:53:07greymaus <greymausg@mail.com> writes:
way back when ... when there was only pin-debit ... and credit card magstripes were first introduced ... it was possible to manufacture a counterfeit magstripe card based solely on guessing an account number (there is a pre-screening algorithm for valid account numbers ... so the crooks also made sure that guessed numbers conformed to the pre-screening algorithm).
so as part of the countermeasure to account number guessing attacks ... they started requiring the "expiration date" as additional information (i.e. low probability that guessed account number would have the corresponding expiration date).
there was further problems with counterfeit magstripes based on guessing account numbers as well harvesting account numbers with their corresponding expiration dates.
so a new countermeasure was a sort of encrypted hash code. each bank/bin (for credit card processing) has a secret key. the account number information is calculated as a form of hash and then encoded with the bank/bin key ... a truncated version of this is written/appended to valid magstripes when they are created.
for electronic transactions ... the association networks have a table of the bank/bin keys ... and can validate the magstripe validation code as it passes thru the network.
this pretty well put an end to counterfeit magstripe based on account number guessing.
now in parallel with the credit card infrastructure magstripe ... there has been the pin-debit magstripe card infrastructure. for most of the time, the infrastructure treated the two-factor authentication pin-debit (combination of pin and magstripe information) as sufficient countermeasure to pin-debit card counterfeit magstripe (account guessing) exploits (a counterfeit magstripe isn't sufficient for faudulent transaction ... since the valid pin is also required). as a result, there has been a lack of debit cards with the magstripe validation code (basically relying on the pin in lieu of magstripe validation code).
the problem shows up with signature-debit transactions being introduced into the pin-debit infrastructure. the pin-debit magstripe cards are now being accepted for valid "signature debit" transactions w/o requiring a PIN ... and lots of these (originally) pin-debit-only magstripe cards don't have the magstripe validation code as (additional) countermeasure to account guessing counterfeit magstripe card.
one way of characterizing the situation is missing long-term institutional knowledge regarding trade-offs where magstripe validation codes weren't added to debit magstripe cards ... because the required PINs were at least as secure as the magstripe validation code (and then later allowing that same card infrastructure to be used w/o PINs).
there have been a number of articles over the past several years claiming that debit magstripe cards are less secure than credit magstripe cards ... however this is only true when "signature-debit" has been introduced and debit magstripe cards (w/o magstripe validation code) are allowed to be used w/o a required PIN.
note that possibly two decades ago ... there also started appearing a new counterfeit magstripe threat ... involving "skimming" ... the full magstripe was recorded (including the magstripe validation code ... originally introduced as countermeasure to account number guessing). a counterfeit magstripe was then built from the recording of a valid magstripe (including the magstripe validation code).
... and for rote statement ... in the mid-90s, the x9a10 financial
standard working group was given the requirement to preserve the
integrity of the financial infrastructure for ALL retail
payments ... resulting in the x9.59 financial standard
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959
which included detailed end-to-end analysis of retail payment transaction vulnerabilities and threats.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Govt demands password to personal computer Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 15:12:43greymaus <greymausg@mail.com> writes:
i don't know if it is as simple as new one or an old one issue ...
a partial old one issue was that debit cards didn't tend to have expiration dates (since in the credit card world ... the expiration date was as much a countermeasure to account number guessing as anything ... and with pin-debit cards wouldn't be needed as a account number guessing countermeasure).
the issue is at what point was there the realization that pin-debit cards ... that became enabled for signature-debit and needing re-issue with a magstripe validation code ... and what implications might have for possible changes for the old pin-debit processing ... and what other parts of the "signature-debit" infrastructure that would have to be changed to correctly handle magstripe validation codes ... aka it not be as simple as getting the latest virus-detection ... since you might not have had any of the other components that were needed to use/support the virus-detection application.
it is more like not needing any virus-detection application since you had a completely different mechanism ... so that you were never bothered by viruses in the first place ... and then bypassing the total virus elimination process ... which then forced having to retrofit the whole virus-detection infrastructure.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child? Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 16:01:05Peter.Farley@BROADRIDGE.COM (Farley, Peter x23353) writes:
one of the problems that rs/6000 and aix ran into getting all the major vendors to port to the RS/6000 and aix ... was that it failed to have an instruction offering compare&swap atomic semantics ... forcing (by comparison) significant performance degradation (using kernel calls). It was possibly initially anticipated that RS/6000 didn't require a compare&swap instruction because the rios/power chip didn't offer a multiprocessor option.
however, one of the first AIX "enhancements" for the major DBMS vendors was an emulated compare&swap instruction ... which translated into an SVC call with an extremely short instruction emulation fastpath in the supervisor call first level interrupt handler ... with immediate return to application mode.
rios/power was always only a single processor but needed to run disabled for all interrupts to provide the emulated atomic compare&swap semantics ... and do it with minimal pathlength overhead (thus the special case emulation and return done totally in the svc interrupt handler).
there is significant amount of commonality in design across the dbms industry on how to leverage compare&swap semantics to implement multithreaded/multitasking operation.
lots of past posts mentioning multiprocessor designs and implementations
and/or compare&swap instruction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#smp
things get more complex going to cluster (loosely-coupled) operation. my
wife had been con'ed into going to POK to be in charge of
loosely-coupled architecture. while there, she came up with peer-coupled
shared data architecture ... which didn't see a lot of takeup until
sysplex (which contributed to her not staying long in the position)
... except for the people doing ims hot-standby ... misc. past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#shareddata
later we did the ha/cmp product
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
with a distributed lock manager that managed serialization function & transaction semantics across a clustered, loosely-coupled environment.
we had extended the work in ha/cmp and distributed lock manager for
large-scale scale-up ... mentioned in this old post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
and some of the scale-up issues discussed in these old emails
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#medusa
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Wheeler Postings Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2008 20:43:15jbrock@GHS.ORG (Jon Brock) writes:
and some related recent references, also about posting
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#65 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#66 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
now, a post on the subject in the original thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#63 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#69 How does ATTACH pass address of ECB to child?
mentions work on original relational/sql implementation, including
technology transfer to endicott for sql/ds:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr
also mentioned was scale-up for our cluster/distributed high availability
product:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp
one of the people in this (ha/cmp) meeting, previously mentioned
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
says that he handled much of the technology transfer from endicott (sql/ds) back to STL for DB2.
now two of the other people in that same meeting show up a little later
at a small client/server startup responsible for something called the
commerce server. we were called in to consult because they wanted to do
payment transactions on their server ... and also wanted to use a
technology that had been invented called SSL for the implementation:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#gateway
that work is now frequently referred to as electronic commerce.
40yrs since science center installed cp67 at the univ. the last week of jan68.
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: was: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 23 Jan 2008 15:11:55greymaus <greymausg@mail.com> writes:
recent boyd reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#45 windows time service
misc. past posts mentioning boyd
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd
and various URLs from around the web mentioing boyd
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd2
wiki page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maneuver_warfare
(a) The Maneuver Warfare Page
http://www.fauconinternational.com/mw.html
from above:
Today Maneuver Warfare (MW) is taught in business schools as well as the
military academies. It has been used in fields as diverse as tactics
for air dogfights and acting.
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Govt demands password to personal computer Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Wed, 23 Jan 2008 15:54:51greymaus <greymausg@mail.com> writes:
in some places there are claims that the retailer shouldn't be playing enforcer regarding payment card fraud ... that the payment card integrity infrastructure should be a lot more robust and not get retailer into playing cop.
from the other side ... there was recent reference about validation that may be done by (especially large) retailers ... rejecting the most obvious fraudulent flavors ... however, the complaint was that there is no current mechanism for reporting to the issuer (consumer financial institution) that there may be an attack going on against that particular account number (that a crook is attempting fraudulent transaction for some account number .... which didn't pass the retailer's validation).
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Is The Government Reselling Tapes With Sensitive Data? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 07:49:50'Erased' personel data on agency tapes can be retrieved, company says
from above:
According to its September 2007 report (GAO-07-1233R), GAO concluded it
could not find "any comprehensible data on any of the tapes using
standard commercially available equipment and data recovery techniques,
specialized diagnostic equipment, custom programming or forensic
analysis."
... snip ...
Sale of Magnetic Data Tapes Previously Used by the Government
Presents a Low Security Risk
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d071233r.pdf
Is The Government Reselling Tapes With Sensitive Data?
http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=205920681
from above:
"Using a tape drive, a standard PC, programming knowledge, and
understanding how data is written to media (which is publicly
available), and a little more time than the GAO investigation, Imation
personnel found the following recoverable sensitive data on these used
tapes certified as clean: the origin of the tape, bank account numbers,
employee information, travel expense reports, audit procedures and
results, employee savings plan balances, international tax benefits
documents," McCollum said in a letter demanding an investigation.
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Too much change opens up financial fault lines Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 08:19:40Too much change opens up financial fault lines
this article talks about the lack of agility in lots of legacy financial dataprocessing.
some of this is related to the massive failed efforts in the 90s to replace legacy financial dataprocessing operations with parallel/distributed "object" implementations ... that addressed items like elimination of the overnight batch window bottlenecks with straight through processing.
recent post mentioning overnight batch window bottleneck and
straight-through processing
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#3 on-demand computing
"fault lines" tend to also open up fraud opportunities ... lots of
of past posts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#fraud
related post about internet introduction creating discontinuity with
regard to insider/outsider focus regarding fraud countermeasures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#26 folklore indeed
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 09:08:37jmfbahciv writes:
the fed is setup to deal with problems in the economy ... but recently has been asked to try and deal with problems in the financial markets (because it has somewhat been leaking out into the rest of the economy).
people have been paid enormous sums of money to play in the lending market ... however the recent disasters with toxic CDOs have demonstrated that many don't really know what they are doing ... the result is that they now seem to be in decision paralyses. the fed is lowering interest rates to help promote borrowing (to boost economic activity) ... but with the decision paralyses ... the lending side has been slow.
The other is that for at least the past six months ... lots of the financial markets have been constantly repeating the big "R" word ... sort of a lobbying mechanism to get the gov. to step in and bail out the mess that financial markets had gotten themselves in (with toxic CDOs). The downside is that a big component is customer confidence ... repeating the "R" word enuf can be a self-fulfilling prophecy.
TV business news show (just now) claims that $2.3 trillion has been involved in these questionable toxic CDOs ... along with "bond" insurance that can't pay off. one of the individuals has used the "stupid" word at least a dozen times (as alternative to "cognitive dissonance").
hot news item in real time is that some trader at a french bank involving nearly $8billion was responsible for large part of world market volatility over the past week.
recent posts mentioning toxic CDOs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007v.html#25 Newsweek article--baby boomers and computers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#66 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#70 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#90 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#12 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 09:54:57re:
Toyota says its 2007 sales a few thousand less than GM's
http://www.wtol.com/Global/story.asp?S=7765058
i can't find it at the moment ... but there was some article a couple months ago that this might happen based on incremental volume for GM from some overseas car manufacturing that it owns a few percent in (claiming the whole volume, not prorated based on percentage ownership).
For Third Consecutive Year, GM Sells More Than 9 Million Vehicles Globally
http://www.sunherald.com/447/story/318815.html
from above:
The 2007 tally was the second best global sales total in the company's
100-year history and marked the third consecutive and fourth time (2007,
2006, 2005 and 1978) GM sold more than 9 million vehicles in a calendar
year.
... snip ...
GM Still No. 1, but Not by Much
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/23/AR2008012301709.html?hpid=sec-business
from above:
Much of the ground GM has lost has been on its own turf. Toyota has
steadily expanded U.S. production and pounced on demand for small cars
and hybrids, with such models as the Yaris and the Prius. Toyota has
also challenged domestic automakers' lock on the pickup truck market
with the Tundra, which is built in Texas. Last year, Toyota pushed aside
Ford for second place in the U.S. market, a position Ford had held since
the Great Depression.
... snip ...
other posts in the thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#84 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#85 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#86 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#55 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#56 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#59 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#75 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Usefulness of bidirectional read/write? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 10:32:29cb@mer.df.lth.se (Christian Brunschen) writes:
360 introduced ebcdic which allowed for 8bit code (256 punch hole combinations) ... other than lower-case, didn't involve a lot of differences with bcdic for printable characters.
my first student job was doing a 360 version of the 1401 MPIO application ... which was a tape<->unit record (reader, print/punch) front end for 709. for various reasons, i got to the point that i could readily interpret the (256) ebcdic card hole combination as hex as well as any corresponding character.
360 2540 card reader could read ebcdic mode ... or column binary mode (where 80 rows were mapped to 160 bytes). 2540 card reader had read, feed and select stacker ... as one ccw. or do the read and feed/stacker select as two different operations. i used the later mode ... attempt to read a card as ebcdic ... and if that failed ... reread the card as column binary.
this is q&d conversion of gcard ios3270 to html
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/gcard.html
among other things lacks the table showing equivalence between hex, bcd,
ebcdic, punch hole combinations. however this gives 2540 card reader
ccw:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/gcard.html#23
for other information ... recent scanning of the 360
reader/punch/printer control unit manual
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/28xx/2821/GA24-3312-9_2821_Unit_Description_Oct82.pdf
and scan of 2540 manual
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/A21-9033-1_2540_CompDescr.pdf
pictures of real green cards:
http://www.planetmvs.com/greencard/
another page with some real green card images
http://www.bouletfermat.com/backgrounds/
the above don't show the green card table giving the mapping between character sets and punch code.
a punch card website
http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards/index.html
ibm (and other vendor) punch code mapping:
http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards/codes.html
other posts in this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#17 Usefulness of bidirectional read/write?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#46 Usefulness of bidirectional read/write?
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Move over US -- China to be new driver of world's economy and innovation Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 10:49:03Move over US -- China to be new driver of world's economy and innovation
from above:
The study's indicators predict that China will soon pass the United
States in the critical ability to develop basic science and technology,
turn those developments into products and services – and then market
them to the world. Though China is often seen as just a low-cost
producer of manufactured goods, the new "High Tech Indicators" study
done by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology clearly shows
that the Asian powerhouse has much bigger aspirations.
... snip ...
misc. past posts mentioning competitiveness:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#14 hacked TOPS-10 monitors
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#28 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#39 competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#57 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#62 competitiveness
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#65 As Expected, Ford Falls From 2nd Place in U.S. Sales
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#68 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#73 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#84 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#85 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008.html#87 Computer Science Education: Where Are the Software Engineers of Tomorrow?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#6 Science and Engineering Indicators 2008
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#38 What do YOU call the # sign?
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Did early Oracle run on the IBM mainframe? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 11:29:30hancock4 writes:
to vmshare online discussion
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/
of oracle on vm370
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse.cgi?fn=ORACLE&ft=MEMO
the references jump from 24jul80 entry saying oracle for vm370 would be available dec80
to 15dec82 entry asking for recommendations about installing it ... and then there is various additional entries through the 80s.
IMS had been developed on os/360 ... old email reference to Jim leaving
for Tandem and palming off consulting with the IMS group on me:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801006
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#email801016
in this post
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2007.html#1
however, all the original relational/sql implementation (system/R)
had been done during the 70s on vm370
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#systemr
with technology transfer to endicott for sql/ds ... and then some amount
of technology transfer from endicott (sql/ds) back to stl for db2 ...
recent reference
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#70
by somebody at this meeting (at that time working for oracle)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13
a little of other implementations are discussed in the sql reunion
regarding other relational implementations
http://www.mcjones.org/System_R/SQL_Reunion_95/index.html
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: 1975 movie "Three Days of the Condor" tech stuff Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 14:00:54kkt <kkt@zipcon.net> writes:
... about five minutes ahead of the quake. i 1st heard about the quake when i went to the galley in the back of the plane to find out what all the whispering was about.
it seemed like lots of the delay in work on collapsed overpasses was involvement by local citizen groups.
wiki page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_Prieta_earthquake
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Re: Did early Oracle run on the IBM mainframe? Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 14:15:32re:
a little x-over from this thread:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#29 MapReduce - a Major Step Backwards?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#30 MapReduce - a Major Step Backwards?
Database gurus slammed for Google post
http://www.regdeveloper.co.uk/2008/01/24/stonebraker_dewitt_mapreduce/
from above:
Ingres inventor and Postgres architect Mike Stonebraker and his
colleague, University of Wisconsin computer science professor David
DeWitt, have been accused of "not getting" data in the clouds while
others have demanded the duo retract what's been branded a "highly
inaccurate article".
... snip ...
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> Subject: Break the rules of governance and lose 4.9 billion Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2008 16:17:30Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> writes:
re:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#26 folklore indeed
possibly a little x-over here
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#74 Too much change opens up financial fault lines
but definitely is related to mention of insider here ... i.e.
earlier in the day some reports were saying nearly $8b
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2008b.html#75 Toyota Sales for 2007 May Surpass GM
article here
SocGen: The trader vanishes
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c072c242-ca60-11dc-a960-000077b07658.html
and here (4.9 billion euros):
Break the rules of governance and lose 4.9 billion...
https://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/000997.html
from above (i.e. insider countermeasures) ..
OK, so rule #1 in governance is to separate the decisions from the
implemention. Those on the decision side (in this case, traders) can not
touch the money. Those on the money side (in financial lingo,
back-office) cannot make any decisions. Seems simple, right?
The flaw here is that separation of roles also has to be backed up by
more than mere words. Those in the back-office are supposed to check for
valid trading by some metric or other, and supervisors are supposed to
watch everything and make judgement calls. Those in the front-office
(traders) are supposed to be rewarded for successful trades, and those
in the back-office are supposed to be rewarded for safe trades.
... snip ...
this article lists $7.1 billion:
Societe Generale's Fraud: What Now?
http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/mar2008/gb20080325_139235.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_global+business
from above:
How could this possibly have happened? That was the question being asked
in financial circles worldwide Jan. 24, after France's Societe Generale
(SOGN.PA), one of Europe's biggest banks and a global superstar in the
booming derivatives-trading business, disclosed a staggering $7.1
billion loss from rogue trading by a single employee.
... snip ...