List of Archived Posts

2002 Newsgroup Postings (07/11 - 08/08)

HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
HONE, Aid, misc
HONE, ****, misc
HONE, xxx#, misc
HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
HONE, ****, misc
"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
Unisys A11 worth keeping?
Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site
Unisys A11 worth keeping?
Ever inflicted revenge on hardware ?
CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site
ITF on IBM 360
MVS on Power (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
basic smart card PKI development questions
Computer Terminal Design Over the Years
Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site
Definition of Non-Repudiation ?
MVS on Power (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
LSM, YSE, & EVE
Unisys A11 worth keeping?
ibm history note from vmshare
mailing list history from vmshare
Weird
Unisys A11 worth keeping?
Latency benchmark (was HP Itanium2 benchmarks)
VT50, VT51, VT52, VT55, VT61, VT62 terminals (was Re: Weird...)
...killer PC's
Latency benchmark (was HP Itanium2 benchmarks)
Difference between Unix and Linux?
HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
MITM solved by AES/CFB - am I missing something?!
Beginner question on Security
Beginner question on Security
Transportation
Transportation
Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?
Funeral for a friend - Infiniband
M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP
M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP
M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP
SHARE Planning
Funeral for a friend - Infiniband
SHARE Planning
Next step in elimination of 3270's?
"Slower is more secure"
SHARE Planning
MIT says I don't live in the USA
AADS, ECDSA, and even some TCPA
Server and Mainframes
Server and Mainframes
SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates
SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates
How to map a user account to a digital cert?
SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates
Server and Mainframes
SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates
vm marketing (cross post)
Total Computing Power
vm marketing (cross post)
Total Computing Power
Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?
Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?
hone acronym (cross post)
history of CMS
help: Thinking with Meat
How to map a user account to a digital cert?
Itanium2 power limited?
30th b'day
Difference between Unix and Linux?
IBM 327x terminals and controllers (was Re: Itanium2 power
Future interconnects
Q: Trust in an X.509 certificate
Difference between Unix and Linux?
Q: Trust in an X.509 certificate
formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation
Summary: Robots of Doom
formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation
Summary: Robots of Doom
formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation

HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2002 15:43:05 GMT
jcmorris@mitre.org (Joe Morris) writes:
>A minor question that's been on my mind for several years: was the
>official name of the system "Hands-On NEtwork"? I've seen this given
>as the origin of the acronym HONE but never from an official source.
Hands-On Networking Environment
^     ^  ^          ^
>Another nagging question: why APL, both in the sense of "why at all"
>and (especially) why "total dependency?" Was there a directive that
>only APL was to be used, or was it just that at the time APL, despite
>its resource consumption, was still seen as the best available tool?


the padded cell environment was first built in APL and lots of the delivery tools were written in APL. Way back when ... in the origin (some memory fade) ... cp/67 services were put up in some of the regions for field people support ... including being able to run some 370 testing (aka they were provided with a special modified version of cp/67 that emulated virtual 370 rather than virtual 360, "cp67h"). This was part of the effort that had a modified cp/67 (cp67i) that would run on a real 370 hardware with relocate support a year before the hardware was built:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#50 crossreferenced program code listings

Some applications were written in APL and I believe the group doing some of the applications had chosen APL and they just grew. It eventually became a whole "padded-cell" environment (sequoia). This then drove a lot of the applications ... included some "foreign" applications that were recoded in fortran because of extreme performance issues. I believe that as the body of APL applications grew, it just built up a sort of legacy momentum. One of the extensive uses of APL at the time were the various what-if things that you see done in spreadsheets today.
>And some customer shops were given access to the configurator programs,
>although (obviously) not to the ordering tools. I recall using them,
>for example, to develop a viable configuration for our 3725, a task
>made more difficult than it should have been because we got no
>documentation at all except for the online help -- and this over a
>2400 bps (+/-) dialup circuit.


I also used 3725 configurator to validate numbers used in comparing large configuration implemented using the S/1 SSCP/NCP emulator:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#67 System/1 ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001.html#4 Sv: First video terminal?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#21 3745 and SNI
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#21 OT: almost lost LBJ tapes; Dictabelt
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#9 NCP

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2002 15:49:51 GMT
"Russell P. Holsclaw" writes:
After the outbreak of the HIV virus, these tools went by another name, but I don't recall what it was. ISTR that the impetus for renaming them came about as the result of some embarrassment in which the authors of many of these tools were brought together for some sort of awards banquet at a hotel in San Francisco. The upshot of this was that many programmers were turned loose on the streets of San Francisco wearing baseball caps that said "AIDS" on the front. This created a minor disturbance.

one of my favorite stories of renaming was the santa teresa lab. Normally labs will get the name of the local post office/town (aka like Meyers Corner). I was on vacation in Wash DC the week before the santa teresa lab was to be dedicated and there was a group from san francisco demonstrating on the steps of the capital; these were some professional ladies that had a group name the same as the closest post office to the santa teresa lab. In a very short time, a new name was selected.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2002 16:32:27 GMT
jcmorris@mitre.org (Joe Morris) writes:
Another nagging question: why APL, both in the sense of "why at all" and (especially) why "total dependency?" Was there a directive that only APL was to be used, or was it just that at the time APL, despite its resource consumption, was still seen as the best available tool?

another even earlier kickstart for APL .... was that some group was supporting the business people in armonk and dp hdqtrs (1133). They were writing apl models that were allowing these people to do various what-if & other kinds of business analysis.

this was when cms\apl was first created (port from phili's apl\360 to cms environment and making available up to 16mbyte workspaces instead of just 16k or 32k workspaces). there was an enhanced sense of security when all the most valuable corporate data was loaded onto the cambridge system so these guys could run their financial & business analysis applications. eventually these guys got their own cp/67 systems down and new york. random past ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#34 Computers in Science Fiction

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

HONE, Aid, misc

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: HONE, Aid, misc.
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2002 19:37:00 GMT
ok, didn't found a HONE reference card (yet) ... but digging thru some old stuff did find an Aids Reference card.

also, somebody pointed out that my prior use of Myers Corner as an exmaple was a poor choice ... it was the intersection not a post office.

Note in the attached, consolidation of the (US) regional HONE systems to California didn't occur until 1977. At this time in 1973 there HONE regional centers in Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington DC, and New York.

This is also before Sequoia and the automatic "padded-cell" (aka people logging in found themselves automatically placed in the Sequoia padded-cell (didn't have to "IPL CMS", start APL, etc).

Other stuff, not exhaustive but

VMSHARE Users Guide card (dated January 1980) ... online reference now at
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare
sometimes(?) "404" ... but also at wayback machine
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/

REX Reference Summary First Edition (Nov. 1980) - for REX version 2.08 (before product release and name changed to REXX)

Several System/360 Model 67 Reference Data (one of them stamped Edward J. Mosher, aka the "M" in GML, SGML, HTML, XML, etc).

Orange cover The SHARE Songbook

Several copies of the (reprinted) 1931 IBM Songbook

===============================================
(small part of the card transcribed)


IBM Aids Reference Summary, ZZ20-2341-4 Fifth Edition (January 15, 1973)

The reference summary supersedes the previous edition and will be
updated from time to time. Copies of this publication are distributed
to IBM Marketing Representatives and System Engineers. Additional
copies are available from the IBM Distribution Center, Mechanicsburg,
Pa. Comments about this publication may be sent to the address
below. All comments and suggestions become the property of IBM.

IBM Aids Usage Guidelines
New IBM Aids
Configurators available via
- APL Library 810
- SECOM TOOLS
- PID
Design Aids available via
- APL Library 820
- SECOM TOOLS
- PID
- HONE
The MINIPERT System in APL Library 835
- MINIPERT User Aids
- MINIPERT Processing Programs
- MINIPERT Standard Networks
Management/Financial Aids available via
- APL Library 850
Installation Aids from PID
Performance Aids from PID
Other SECOM Applications
Special Aid - System/7
IBM Aid Publications
Instructions for accessing or ordering IBM
Aids available via
- HONE
- SECOM
- PID
- IBM Distribution Center (Mechanicsburg)
IBM Aids Announcement Procedures

NOTE: New IBM Aids have been made available since September 1,
1972 are listed on pages 2 and 3.

----

Instructions for accessing or ordering IBM Aids

Accessing from HONE Systems

All IBM Aid APL Libraries are available on your regional HONE system
via APL (CMS). Other non-APL IBM Aid Programs implemented on HONE are
accessed via CMS. Obtain the phone number of your regional HONE
system, your location's ID and current password from your HONE
coordinator.

On a 2471 terminal proceed as follows:

1. Dial your regional HONE system.
2. Press ATTN, when the keyboard unlocks.
HONE will type CP/67 on-line
3. Press ATTN
4. Type LOGIN xxxx (your user ID)
HONE will type ENTER PASSWORD:
5. Type: xxx (your password)
HONE will type: enter: mannumber, last name,
initial, position, purpose, facility
6. Type (the requested information including a position
   code 0 to 9; purpose code, m; facility code, 5)
Note: See HONE log-in procedure card for position code
   selection
HONE will respond with a LOGON message.
Your are now under control of CP/67.
7. Type: IPL CMS
   CMS will respond and you will be under control of CMS.

To access an APL IBM Aid

8. Type: APL (Use APL type element)
APL (CMS) will respond with the status of your P-disk.
   You are now under control of APL (CMS) and may load
any of the IBM Aid APL workspaces. For example:
9. Type: )LOAD 820 TPNET

To access a non-APL IBM Aid Program

8. Type xxxxxx (The CMS name for the program)
For example:
   Type: AIDEX

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

HONE, ****, misc

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: HONE, , misc.
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2002 01:28:37 GMT
well the previous post got subject to all sorts of delays and other things ... apparently because of the four letters that appeared frequently in the post.

i've just about run out of places to look for the HONE reference card.

Did find

a reference card for VS/APL applications that customers could order dated 1979.

a 3270 fullscreen editor user's guide printed 5/18/77 at HONE1 on the backside of greenbar paper. There were a number of 3270 editors developed internally around the company for CMS during the '70s ... this particular one was RED (for raleigh editor).

a printout done at HONE1 on 4/15/77 of the internal network ... also on the backside of greenbar paper. This is in two parts, 1) "graphical", little boxes with the node name and lines connecting to other little boxes and 2)actual node list giving nodid, "index" (in the graphical ... majority of nodes didn't show in the graphical), location, (machine) model, type of system, and operator/contact phone number. Slightly different format to one used later:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#112

The (US) HONE consolidation process had just started at this point and would grow extremely rapidly over the next two years.

There were the DEMO centers in the list ... which had slipped my mind. In addition to HONE operation for things like configurators and ****, there were also education center machines and "DEMO" machines in each of the regions (for use by people in the respective regional and branch offices). HONE had started trying to shutdown all general use of CMS and just restrict things to the padded-cell environment. The "DEMO" machines provided more of a native CMS time-sharing capability to the people in the branch offices.
DEMO1 Boston DEMO2 New York DEMO3 New York DEMO4 Philadelphia DEMO5 Washington, DC DEMO6 Atlanta DEMO7 Cincinnati DEMO8 Detroit DEMO9 Chicago DEMO10 Minneapolis DEMO11 St. Louis DEMO12 Dallas DEMO13 San Francisco DEMO14 Los Angeles

and
DEMOPKG Wash DC (g'burg)

John Godwin supported all the DEMO systems from DEMOPKG in g'burg. At the time of the listing, all of the DEMO machines were 370/145s except for Boston which was a 370/148. The DEMO machines might be considered the leading edge of the 4341 "departmental computer" wave ...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#7 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#30 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?

Somewhat aside, Peterlee (science center) was also on the network list. One of the people at Peterlee had written an email client called VMSG. At about internal development release 0.6, somebody in the PROFS group had co-opted the (limited function) source to use as the core of PROFS implementation. After that, the VMSG source distribution was limited to John, one other person and me.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

HONE, xxx#, misc

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: HONE, xxx#, misc.
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2002 14:27:01 GMT
Mike Hammock writes:
With all the talk about HONE and "market aids", I had to get my $.02 (USD) worth in here... About the time of the consolidation Lynn mentions below, the IBM division I was in at the time, GSD, was positioning itself as a almost totally independent business unit in case of a goverment or business induced splitting apart of IBM. Part of this inluded us 'picking up' the HONE system and running a copy of it, with specific GSD configurators, on our own systems in Atlanta. We started off with a 370/145 running VM/370 Rel 3. (We actually started with Rel 2, but went to 3 before going 'production'.) I'm pushing my memory here, but I believe that the 145 has some very effective microcode assist for VM. However, turns that the use of this microcode was mutually exclusive with some of the performance assists in Sequoia so we could choose one or the other untill some changes were made. We had to limit the concurrent logged on users to 10 for a while... But considering that was a 512K system doing all that APL work, even that it pretty amazing!! Oh yes, the name of the system was MAS: "Market Aids System".

cambridge science center had done the apl\360 to cms\apl port ... including the rewrite of garbage collection for (large) virtual memory (aka running to the end of a 32kbyte workspace in real stroage wasn't bad ... but always running thru a 16mbyte (virtual) workspace had all sorts of downside effects on paging). cambridge also put in functions for making system calls ... which got lots of people upset as violating apl purity.

palo alto science center then did apl\cms and the 145 apl microcode (145 w/apl m'code had apl thruput comparable to 168). The system call violation was removed and replaced with the "shared variable" construct (that was used to implement access to system functions). Since Sequoia was becoming a system unto itself .... Sequoia was getting a lot of performance optimization.

My memory is hazy here, i was at some of the sequoia optimization meetings ... and there were things like adding custom assembler sequences to the APL supervisor specific for enhancing sequoia thruput ... which would have perturbed the ability for using the apl m'code. HONE was running clusters of 168s upgraded to clusters of 168SMP and tweaking wasn't done with thot of 145 apl m'code compatibility (although HONE looked at if there was any way of leveraging farms of 145s for any of their workload).

I'm pretty sure the Sequoia/configurator group stayed in LA when the HONE consolidation took place. In any case there were meetings between the Sequoia group and the guy at PASC that was responsible for 145 apl m'code (he later was also responsible for much of the high performance fortran hx work).

There was a separate significant m'code assist for 138/148 called ECPS that dropped a lot of the cp kernel (pathlength) into m'code ... but that would have had little effect on CPU utilization that was nearly all APL (and a majority of that was the apl Sequoia application). ecps reference:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#21 ECPS VM microcode aasist

in the above, there were two methods used for identifying kernel hotspots, the kernel call trace and special microcode 145 load that did instruction address sampling. The person that was responsible for the apl m'code also implemented the m'code address sampler.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2002 17:35:05 GMT
jcmorris@mitre.org (Joe Morris) writes:
<chuckle> I presume that there was a nearby post offic3 named Coyote?

95013

old 101, monterey highway ... just north of the bailey T (i.e. bailey runs west from old 101 crosses santa teresa, past STL lab and up into the hills to the calero reservoir).
http://claraweb.co.santa-clara.ca.us/parks/prkpages/calero.htm

random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#56 South San Jose (was Tysons Corner, Virginia)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#34 Did AT&T offer Unix to Digital Equipment in the 70s?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#37 Thread drift: Coyote Union (or Coyote Ugly?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#11 YKYGOW...

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

HONE, ****, misc

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: HONE, , misc.
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2002 19:04:58 GMT
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
John Godwin supported all to the DEMO system from DEMOPKG in g'burg. At the time of the listing, all of the DEMO machines were 370/145s except for Boston which was a 370/148. The DEMO machines might be considered the leading edge of the 4341 "departmental computer" wave ...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#7 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#30 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?


HONE kept a pretty low profile that one of my hobbies was supplying them with heavily customized operating system and other technology.

Finally after nearly 15 years, some executive in DPD (HONE was part of the sales & marketing division, aka Data Processing Division - DPD) figured it out. The reaction sort of was:

1) he hasn't had management direction to do this

2) HONE doesn't have an MOU (memorandum of understanding) from his management commiting his time for this purpose

3) what happens if he gets hit by a bus

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 14:25:55 GMT
"Stephen Fuld" writes:
All true, but I want to add another determinant. Back then, the speed of main memory was very slow and there weren't any caches. So it made sense to have a small amount of very fast memory (usually ROM, but occasionally writable) in the processor that could hold "instructions" that could be fetched in one cycle. This was called microcode. Being able to fetch one instruction from main memory that caused the execution of N actual processor operations (micro- operations if you will) was a performancee win. Once main memory get faster and the technology of caches became available, the advantage of that dedicated memory disappeared and it made sense to "execute" the micro-operations directly - thus RISC. There were several technology factors that lead to the "risc revolution".

actually i've claimed that probably the first "big" project applying RISC had the objective of replacing all the (smaller) corporate micro-engines ("every S/360 and S/370 compatible processor except the S/370 Model 75, is microcoded") with 801s (and had fairly good-size staff-up). after that got killed, you started seeing 801 engineers at other companies. Skill-base might also be considered a contributing factor.

associated with activities for the low/mid range 370s also had projects looking at JIT-like activities for 370 code. this was 20+ years ago. I got contacted, in part because I had done a PLI program that analyzed and attempted translation/restructure of 360/370 code nearly 10 years earlier.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
Newsgroups: comp.os.vms,comp.arch
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 14:48:16 GMT
"Stephen Fuld" writes:
It has been far too long, but can't you use a Translate and Test instruction to do the equivalent (copy until a zero byte is found), at least for up to 256 bytes per instruction?

TRT just looked for the value ... no copy.

tr/translate has a 256-byte table and takes an operand length up to 256 bytes ... it does a byte-by-byte replacement ... taking the byte from the operand, using that value to index the table and replacing the operand byte with the byte indexed in the table.
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/7.5.96?DT=19970613131822

translate&test has 256-byte table and an operand length up to 256 bytes ... it tkaes an operand byte and indexes the table and stops if the table entry is non-zero. to search for just a zero has a 256-byte table that is all zeros except for the first byte.
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/7.5.97?DT=19970613131822

neither did copies.

now for newer string instructions

move string
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/7.5.60?DT=19970613131822
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/A.3.28?SHELF=&DT=19970613131822

search string
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/7.5.70?DT=19970613131822
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/DZ9AR004/A.3.35.1?SHELF=&DT=19970613131822

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 15:03:01 GMT
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
S/370 Model 75, is microcoded) with 801s (and had fairly good-size

oops (finger slip) s/360 Model 75

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 15:36:37 GMT
"Stephen Fuld" writes:
main memory get faster and the technology of caches became available, the advantage of that dedicated memory disappeared and it made sense to "execute" the micro-operations directly - thus RISC. There were several technology factors that lead to the "risc revolution".

and right up their with (hardware) skill base was compiler & operating system technology. one of the reasons for (nearly) every 360/370 being m'code was to have broad range of hardware implementations and capabilities while preserving programming compatibility.

riscs moved into a market segment that had a large software portable technology base (unix & c) that was working hard on being hardware architecture agnostic.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

"Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "Clean" CISC (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
Newsgroups: comp.os.vms,comp.arch
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 16:44:41 GMT
JF Mezei writes:
Seems to me that this instruction is very different from the basic 360/370 architecture in terms of philosophy of arguments.

relatively recent "string" support instructions.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Unisys A11 worth keeping?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Unisys A11 worth keeping?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2002 23:15:57 GMT
Charles Richmond writes:
To start, how about: Java, C++, PHP, ASP, J2EE, CORBA, Bongo, Castinet, Director, XML, VB.Net, Java Beans, and on and on and on and on and on...

fairly widespread might throw in SQL as a language (at least as per database)?

how 'bout the original GML ... circa 1970?

both got standardized in ISO ... i don't know about the ISO status of many of the others.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2002 15:59:12 GMT
jsavard@ecn.ab.ca () writes:
The protocol proceeds as follows:

The user sends N to the merchant in the clear.

The merchant generates a random number R and sends it to the user.

The user sends E( R xor M, E(N,K) ) to the merchant (xor might really be noncarrying decimal addition or Vigenere; whatever has similar properties).

The merchant supplies N, R, and E( R xor M, E(N,K) ) to a black box provided by the credit card company which knows K.

The user's program and the merchant's black box both calculate some function f( N, R, E(N,K), M ) which is used as the secret key for communications between the user and the merchant. The user's program does this by being given the user's password, which contains E(N,K); the black box does not require E(N,K) because it contains K; thus, disassembling the program given to allow people to use their credit cards on the Internet doesn't make the system insecure (only cracking open one of the black boxes does).


having worked on the original some:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn2
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm5.htm#asrn3

I also worked on x9.59
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#x959

there were a couple requirements laid down in the x9a10 standards commitee for x9.59 ... 1) was preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for all electronic retail payment transactions (agnostic with respect to kind of payment and environment of payment) with only authentication and 2) perform the payment in a single round-trip.

One of the issues for end-to-end authentication is that the information hiding techniques tending to only be applicable for very transient periods during transmission while the data continues to remain vulnerable the rest of the time (lots of stories about fraud as the result of leakage of merchant transaction log files)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#fraud

basically x9.59 follows somewhat an existing iso8583 message .... except it adds a digital signature and a couple other fields ... and sends it off. The purchase could be traditional web browsing and sending off a request with an x9.59 payment message. The purchase could also be from a cdrom and sending off a order in a email with a x9.59 payment message attached. The puchase could also be at POS and a x9.59 message signed with a smartcard. There is no requirement for any real-time protocol chatter.

x9.59 defines a business rule that account numbers used in x9.59 authenticated transactions should not be valid in non-authenticated transactions. effectively in the non-authenticated payment transactions, the account number (& other data) exists in a large number of places and any leakage of that information can result in fraudulent transactions .... aka the information needs to be treated as shared-secret ... since just knowing the information can enable fraudulent transactions. Furthermore, any use of encryption for information hiding tends to be while data is in flight ... not typically while at rest (creating a large number of vulnerability opportunities ... both for outside attacks as well as for insiders).

The merchant is also taken out of the loop of having to protect the consumer's account number and related information
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#61 Net banking, is it safe???
(or security proportional to risk)

Rather than transient hiding of the vulnerable information while in transit, x9.59 defines end-to-end authenticated transaction where the party (financial institution) responsible for authorizing and executing the transaction .... is also performing the authentication (it also eliminates a lot of widely distributed data as fraud vulnerabilities).

Part of the x9.59 issue was that the current infrastructure using SSL for information hiding while data was in motion on the internet addressed only a small piece of the business vulnerabilities (and fraud opportunities) involved.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Unisys A11 worth keeping?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Unisys A11 worth keeping?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.sys.unisys
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2002 18:36:12 GMT
"Stephen Fuld" writes:
Not quite. Firewire and USB at at a different level of the protocol than SCSI or ATA. While both of the latter do define a physical interface, SCSI has morphed into more of a high level interface that can run on multiple underlying interfaces. (Originally SCSI was both, but since SCSI 3, the upper layers are defined independently from the lower ones, and parallel cables is just one physical medium supported, along with various serial schemes such as Fibre Channel.) So when you attach a disk to USB, you are running SCSI over USB. For example, there is no definition in USB that specifies how to send a disk block adddress to a disk. That is provided at the SCSI level. ATA has historically provided both the physical and the upper layers, but that is changing more toward the newer SCSI model with the two separate.

One certainly could define a way to run ATA over USB or firewire, but without some notion of disk commands, just USB or Firewire by themselves are insufficient.


9333 from the late '80s was effectively SCSI commands over simplex serial copper (similar to FCS but copper instead of fiber-optics). That morphed into SSA standard. I would have preferred that 9333 had morphed into serial copper with some FCS compatability ... aka being able to plug SSA cables into FCS switches (operating at fractional FCS speeds).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13 SSA

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Ever inflicted revenge on hardware ?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Ever inflicted revenge on hardware ?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2002 13:26:07 GMT
"Rupert Pigott" <dark.try-eating-this.b00ng@btinternet.com> writes:
Actually I did give in to the urge to inflict a gruesome revenge on a piece of hardware that let me down... My expensive monitor failed just out of warranty (good work whoever designed it). The sad thing is, one I bought 7 years earlier for 1/4 the price is STILL working and has had for more use anyways.

the 1052-7 (operator's) console on the 360/67 in cambridge would periodically get a fist sized indention in the keyboard. they kept a spare around so the 1052-7 could be easily swapped. I was only responsible for one of the indentions.

one of the frustrating failure modes was that the end of the last sheet would feed past the paper sense finger ... but not far enuf so that it would completely feed out and you would realize it was out of paper. the only indication was that the it just stopped working. hitting it hard would sometimes joggle the paper enuf that it would slip further and then you would realize that it was out of paper.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.sys.cdc
Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2002 13:36:12 GMT
ctill@nc.rr.com (Chuck Till) writes:
Sounds like PR fluff in retrospect. It didn't take much to double CDC's data service business, and I wonder how many SBC customers in 1969 were still using CDC/SBC a few years later.

i don't know the circumstances ... but ibm real estate retained the SBC building out in burlington mall ... and the vm/370 group moved out there when the outgrew the space on 3rd floor 545 tech. sq. the cp/67 group had split off from CSC and sometime in the time-frame of starting the morph of cp/67 to vm/370 they started rapid growth ... including essentially absorbing the (ibm) boston programming center on the 3rd floor (bpc had maybe 3/4ths of the 3rd floor, csc was about 2/3rds of the 4th floor with the csc machine room taking about 1/2 the 2nd floor).

the boston programming center was responsible for cps (conversational programming system ... interpreted pl/i ran under os/360 ... and there was special microcode available for 360/50 that made it run faster). Jean Sammet, Nat Rochester, couple others had their offices in the boston programming center (so the vm/370 group sort of absorbed them also). When vm/370 group moved out to sbc bldg. in burlington mall they stayed in 545 tech. sq.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2002 14:03:59 GMT
jsavard@ecn.ab.ca () writes:
Certainly, one could print a second account number on each credit card for use with electronic transactions, or just make the password thirty characters long. (But if one did _that_, then the password by itself, mailed in one envelope, contains all the information needed for an electronic transaction... unless, of course, the account number on the credit card has to get sent after encryption is initiated.)

sorry, i somewhat got carried away ... from the original e-commerce stuff ... the business fraud problem IS the treatment of the account number as a shared-secret even tho it has to be available in clear-text in a large number of places (there are large number of places where the account number has to be used in the clear and as a result it can leak out ... more like a giant sieve with encryption only covering up a few of the openings).

as an aside there is already support for mapping multiple different numbers to the same account ... even with multiple different tokens (magstripe or otherwise) ... aka spouse cards, etc. also from electronic perspective ... the typical magstripe carries room for five different account numbers (when you put a debit/atm card in an atm machine ... the selection of which account you want to use can be driven off the account number data on the magstripe).

x9.59 was to enable transition from a shared-secret paradigm to a public key end-to-end authenticated transaction paradigm (possibly deployed first in e-commerce with alternate account number) .... eliminating knowing the account number as a fraud vulnerability (and the necessity for information hiding).

In effect the current payment cards are two different devices ... the physical embossed plastic that can be used in paper transactions and the magnetic stripe for electronic transactions; these two different devices just happened to be carried on the same card. It is possible to package a chip for x9.59 public key operations on the smae or different plastic. If packaged in the same plastic ... you could treat it has three different logical devices (in the same physical housing). There is nothing that would mandate that the chip's account number be the same as the magstripe's account number or the plastic embossed account number. The "correct" account number could then be chosen based on what transaction paradigm is used ... and then apply appropriate risk & fraud rules.

It wouldn't be necessary for somebody to write the alternate account number on the plastic (assuming single physical housing) ... the chip just supplies the correct value (in much the same way the magstripe can supply up to five different account numbers w/o any of them having to be written on the card).

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

ITF on IBM 360

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: ITF on IBM 360
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 12:37:31 GMT
Jonathan Griffitts writes:
Back in the early 1970s I used an obscure IBM product that I've never heard of since. It was called "ITF" for "Interactive Terminal Facility", ran on IBM 360. It provided time-sharing access using interpreted BASIC and a PL/I subset called IPLI.

I don't remember the name ITF ... although it may be lost in memory someplace. The ibm boston programming center (3rd floor 545 tech sq) had done something called CPS (conversational programming system) that matches that description. There was also a 360/50 microcode accelerator for CPS. It is possible that CPS was renamed(?) ITF at some point (or CPS was also called ITF)?

quicky search engine on cps
https://web.archive.org/web/20021016192931/http://rivendell.uchicago.edu/cps.html
http://gopher.wvnet.edu/EVENTS.HTML

somewhat random ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#17 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

MVS on Power (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: MVS on Power (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 13:06:10 GMT
gah@ugcs.caltech.edu (glen herrmannsfeldt) writes:
I don't know how much is in assembler. I would hope that PL/S would be high enough level that such programs could be ported without completely rewriting them. Probably it would be hard, but then that might have been said of MacOS and VMS before they did it.

there was jokes (or at used to be) that pl/s, pl/x, etc ... was hardly more than structured assembler.

Amdahl gave a talk at mit in the early '70s ('72?) about the business plan for clone mainframes .... saying that there were something like $100b worth of assembler software or executables that no longer had source ... that wouldn't get replaced at least before the end of the century (so there would be plenty of market for his mainframes, regardless of what ibm might do). also during the talk there were some very pointed questions about the amount of foreign investment he had taken.

i would expect that the amount/value of such software has grown many times since then ... with possibly only small effect by all the y2k work.

... however this has all been looked at several times before; during FS in general (<25 years ago) ... and during Fort Knox specifically with respect to 801 (20 or so years ago) ... and as already noted ... been accomplished for as/400.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

basic smart card PKI development questions

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: basic smart card PKI development questions
Newsgroups: alt.technology.smartcards
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 13:23:12 GMT
john.veldhuis writes:
The only thing that browsers directly support, using CSP or PKCS#11, is the Client Authentication part of an SSL connection. So you'll need some kind of plug-in. This might be a transaction client plug-in, which could digitally sign whatever has been posted.

some example code for ec/dsa (fips186-2) chipcard is on www.sourceforge.net (do search on ecdsa).

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Computer Terminal Design Over the Years

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Computer Terminal Design Over the Years
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.terminals
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 13:35:20 GMT
jeffj@panix.com (Jeff Jonas) writes:
1) the IBM system 1130 had a CRT option but it required most of the computer to run it. The system 1130 was pre-IC, it used little metal cans with several transistors and components inside.

or 2250m4. somebody at cambridge had done port of spacewars to to 2250m4 by the early '70s. also the initial/original/geneiss code for the internal network was some stuff between the 1130 (aka 2250m4) and the 360/67.

2250m1 had its own channel controller directly attached to 360 channel. I got to use one at the university. lincoln labs had done a fortran graphics library for cms that drove the 2250m1. I modified the cms editor to use the lincoln labs 2250 library for a simple full-screen editor (circa late '68).

boeing huntsville had large 360/67 duplex with some number of 2250m1 running version of mvt/r13 (aka running 360/67 in '65 mode). An issue with mvt and single flat, real, linear address space with multiple long running programs was storage fragmentation (i.e. space for single program needed to be contiguous ... a single 2250 program tended to run for long periods of time). they modified mvt/r13 to use the hardware relocation of the 360/67 to address storage fragmentation i.e. no paging or page faults were supported ... but they used the virtual storage mechanism to provide the appearance of contiguous program storage).

About the time BCS (boeing computing services/systems) was formed in late '68/early '69 ... the boeing huntsville machine was shipped to seattle.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 13:50:47 GMT
jsavard@ecn.ab.ca () writes:
Ah. I misunderstood; and I was disappointed when your URLs led to news archives rather than a complete description of the protocols in question, having misunderstood your posts.

the
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#x959

contains pointer to the ANSI bookstore for getting copy of the x9.59 standard that describes the protocol(?). there is the small issue of standards being copyrighted and rules about ordering them from the standards organization.

it also contains a pointer to a detailed description of mapping x9.59 to iso8583 (8583 is the internal standard for payment network messages).

in effect, x9.59 basically describes a signed payment message. The mapping of x9.59 to iso8583 is from the standpoint of providing end-to-end message integrity and authentication.

a large percentage of other payment messages that have used encryption or other forms of digital signature ... have been implemented with the encryption and digital sigatnures being stripped off at "boundary nodes". this results in very simple violation of basic security principles, no end-to-end security, integrity and/or authentication.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Definition of Non-Repudiation ?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Definition of Non-Repudiation ?
Newsgroups: comp.security.misc
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 13:58:57 GMT
Ian Wade writes:
Agreed, but everything you have said relates to the originator. My concern is to do with the recipient being able to deny receiving a message. "Proof of existence ofa a message" will manifest itself when a message is sent (through its accompanying signature), but has nothing to do with acknowledging receipt of the message.

i've merged definitions from (at least) rfc2828, nsa instrusion, and sc27 glossaries at
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/secure.htm

the tendency is towards services that validate a lot of this stuff.

some past discussions (especially ref the last; aadsm11.htm#14):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#5 Meaning of Non-repudiation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#6 Meaning of Non-repudiation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#7 Meaning of Non-repudiation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#11 Meaning of Non-repudiation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#12 Meaning of Non-repudiation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#13 Words, Books, and Key Usage
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#14 Meaning of Non-repudiation

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

MVS on Power (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: MVS on Power (was Re: McKinley Cometh...)
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 16:23:45 GMT
J Ahlstrom writes:
These are MILLSTONE code and MILLSTONE applications pure and simple.

while a lot might be MILLSTONE code ... a lot of the applications are like payroll, funds transfers, financial networks, check processing, air traffic control systems, reservations, etc ... aka the nitty gritty of business operations around the world.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

LSM, YSE, & EVE

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: LSM, YSE, & EVE
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 21:18:01 GMT
cecchi@signa.rchland.ibm.com (Del Cecchi) writes:
Another critical area of John's work is "logic simulation." John invented a generalized special-purpose logic simulator, which runs many orders of magnitude faster than conventional simulations. In the 1980's a special purpose simulation machine known as the Yorktown Simulation Engine (built to John's design) was used to simulate an entire computer at the logic gate level. The logic gate simulation produced answers faster than older computers executing programs in the machine's basic instruction set. Many of these simulation engines and their descendants are in use today. They enable the designer to verify and fix logical design before committing it to silicon. This substantially shortens VLSI (very large scale integration) development times, and such special simulation engines are widely used within the industry.

I believe the LSM (los gatos simulation/state machine ... later the logic simulation/state machine) predated YSE (although john may have had lots of influence on the LSM). I believe the LSM was unique in that it included time support and could handle both asynchronous chips and digital/analog chips (aka use for things like disk read/write heads).

I'm not sure how many YSE actually got built ... the machine after the LSM was EVE (endicott verification engine).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#3 Chip Emulators - was How does a chip get designed?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#55 Multics hardware (was Re: "Soul of a New Machine" Computer?)

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Unisys A11 worth keeping?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Unisys A11 worth keeping?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2002 19:51:02 GMT
"Rupert Pigott" <dark.try-eating-this.b00ng@btinternet.com> writes:
a "Do this" it's a "Polite request", which the VM system can ignore if it so chooses (a la Lynn's do nothing tuning parameters). There are definately some apps which do need this level of control, and they are a nightmare under systems that don't give you that level of control.

one was real-time tuning parameters .... the code could monitor and tune faster than a human could reduce data for the day and set some parameters for the next day .... even tho a day's average data didn't re-act to moment instantaneous changes.

i also have done a paged-mapped file system ... allowing the application to give hints ... and then the actual system looked at the hints vis-a-vis real time information and attempted to recouncile the hints with real time information. this is different than a system programmer trying to represent tuning parameters as real time information ... when the system could do real, real time information and tuning.

there are a lot of os/360 apps that did really good job with the asynchronous & direct mapped I/O facilities of maximizing thruput with lots of buffering and overlapped operation. this was a "real storage" and "real i/o" paradigms .... mapping that capability into a virtual memory & page-mapped filesystem offered some interesting challenges.

one of the original tss/360 operations was to try and implement one-level store with no hints .... just map the complete file to virtual memory and fetch a page as the page faults occurred. This is one of the things that gave tss/360 such poor thruput ... the page mapping of both data and executables and then let the pages be fetched synchronously a single (4k) page fault at a time.

At the simplest level ... remapping the os/360 compiler executable overlays into paged mapped ... you could get hints on approx. what all was going to be needed when ... and when it was no longer needed; hints about intelligent throwing away of pages no longer needed was almost as useful as hints about multi-page fetch and/or overlapped fetch hints.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

ibm history note from vmshare

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: ibm history note from vmshare
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 15:28:48 GMT
was doing search on vmshare some model numbers and ran across old IBMHIST NOTE from '87 (taken from 85 computerworld article with misc. updates)

http://www.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse.cgi?fn=IBMHIST&ft=NOTE

vmshare currently online at:
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/

in the IBMHIST NOTE file ...

SABRE ... morphed into ACP, TPF, etc ... although AA/AMR still refers to their service as SABRE.

little side-note on the 8100 ... was the uc.5 microprocessor ... same processor used in the 3705 and the service processor for 3081 (among other things). while it includes 8100 ... it doesn't say anything on the s/32, s/34, s/38 (as/400), etc.

308x project was originally referred to as "811" ... for nov. '78

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

mailing list history from vmshare

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: mailing list history from vmshare
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 15:54:56 GMT
attached from
http://vm.marist.edu/~vmshare/browse.cgi?fn=LISTSERV&ft=MEMO
Append on 10/27/93 at 11:03 by Larry Chace ( LC6 at CORNELLA.BITNET ):

I've heard some strange rumblings about the author of Bitnet LISTSERV threatening to trademark the name "LISTSERV" (and perhaps "listserver" and other variants) and also threatening to sue people who use those terms "inappropriately". There also seems to be "warfare" between the Bitnet LISTSERV camp and the Unix(tm!) listserv camp. (I hear this from folks who monitor various Internet newsgroups.) Does anyone know about this? It seems mighty bizzare! Larry Chace, Cornell Information Technologies

APPENDED 10/27/93 11:03:07 BY CUN/CHACE

Append on 10/27/93 at 13:54 by David Boyes ( DBOYES@RICEVM1 ) Rice University:

It's true. L-soft (Eric Thomas' new company) is making requests that the Unix LISTSERV-wannabees call themselves something different to prevent confusion with the real thing. Not too unreasonable a request, considering the extremely poor quality and reliability of the Unix imitators. I certainly wouldn't want my product named the same as most of them.

APPENDED 10/27/93 13:54:51 BY RIC/DBOYES

Append on 10/27/93 at 13:55 by Mark A. Stevens, ECN, 708-235-2204:

To add to the rumors (to get clarification) CREN is trying to get a person(s) to write a full-featured listserv for Unix(tm) toward the removal of BITNET?

I'd sure like to know what's going on. Thanks.

Mark A. Stevens

APPENDED 10/27/93 13:55:41 BY ECE/MARK

Append on 10/27/93 at 15:12 by Richard Wiggins ( RWWMAINT@MSU, 517-353-4955 ):

At least one Unix wannabe, written by Anastasios Kotsikanos, has been renamed; he is now calling it the Unix List Processor. One problem is that many folks have gotten used to using variants of "LISTSERV" as the generic term (e.g. listserve, listserver, list server). To compound the confusion, many people use "listserv" as the generic for "mailing list" -- ie both to refer to the software and to the discussion groups it supports. So far no replacement generic has been universally agreed upon. "Mailing list processors" seems good to me.

Even with the rename of Tasos' (his nickname) tool, many sites still use "listserv" as the name of the user ID to send mail to in order to subscribe to a mailing list or change options. And Tasos still has people visit a /listserv directory on his FTP server to fetch his code. So there's lots of opportunity for confusion.

Eric Thomas has announced intent to deliver a Unix version of LISTSERV, which should go a long ways towards lessening confusion. As David says it seems the Unix wannabes are notquitethereyets.

APPENDED 10/27/93 15:12:23 BY MSU/RICHARD


--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Weird

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Weird...
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 13:47:59 GMT
Charles Richmond writes:
At my college, when computer usage figures came out for the mainframe (an IBM 370/155), the chemistry department was far and away the largest user of computer time... I assume that this is probably typical.

something similar for sjr 195 ... that and some of the floating head simulation work (modeling the air bearing effect). also facilitated geting time on the 3033 in the product test lab (bldg. 15) for additional time for some of the chemistry work (aka disk engineering and product test lab processors were being used for i/o testing of new disks ... so cpu use was almost negligible ... if you weren't interferring with their official use ... certain arraingments could be made).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

the kingston engineering and science center (lots of FPS boxes and vector pocessing) was I believe predominantly chemistry.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#5 TF-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#61 TF-1
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#25 ESCON Data Transfer Rate

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Unisys A11 worth keeping?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Unisys A11 worth keeping?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 00:47:05 GMT
"Rupert Pigott" <dark.try-eating-this.b00ng@btinternet.com> writes:
Now you bring up the idea of hinting which pages are "finished with" it might well be the better of the two halves of the same coin to implement... Beats relying on LRU & pseudo LRU to get it right every time. :)

LRU ... "least recently used" replacement .... based on assumption that any location recently used is likely to continue to be used (typical virtual memory, processor caches, etc).

under various kinds of heavy & pathelogical loads ... straight LRU (and straight WSCLOCK) tends to degenerate to FIFO. I did a variation on 2-bit, 2-handed clock that instead of degenerating to FIFO would degenerate to RANDOM (if there otherwise wasn't useful information on which to make a reasonable decision ... making a random ... quick ... choice is better).

random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#9 Optimal replacement Algorithm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#10 Optimal replacement Algorithm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#32 Optimal replacement Algorithm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#33 Optimal replacement Algorithm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#34 Optimal replacement Algorithm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#36 Optimal replacement Algorithm
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#20 Very CISC Instuctions (Was: why the machine word size ...)

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Latency benchmark (was HP Itanium2 benchmarks)

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Latency benchmark (was HP Itanium2 benchmarks)
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:05:30 GMT
"Norbert Juffa" writes:
I can certainly agree with the undesirability of random replacement. But what's wrong with LRU (or pseudo-LRU)? It let's one control what's in the cache precisely. Or am I missing something?

Which replacement strategy do you consider the most desirable?


optimal replacement strategy ...

LRU ... least recently used ... is based on assumption that any data recently used by a program is likely to continue to be used by a program ... and that data that hasn't been used for a while, won't likely to be used for a while. That is just a general assumption. For one thing, LRU degenerates to FIFO under all sorts of situations.

long ago, and far away ... did a psuedo-LRU (variation on wsclock) that under situations where normal LRU degenerated to FIFO ... it would degenerate to RANDOM (and that in detailed simulations, normal psuedo LRU tended to get within 10-20 percent of the performance of true LRU while the random variation tended to beat true LRU by 10 percent).

thread on this yesterday in a.f.c.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#31

more general discussion from the past
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#wsclock

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

VT50, VT51, VT52, VT55, VT61, VT62 terminals (was Re: Weird...)

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: VT50, VT51, VT52, VT55, VT61, VT62 terminals (was Re: Weird...)
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 14:18:07 GMT
jmfbahciv writes:
It was flat on top (for ones very important accessories: listings, coffee mugs, and ashtrays), it had a little shelf one could but a steno pad (that's when I switched to using steno pads to keep notes and program snippets in), and it had a typable keys. It was also "cheap" enough so that we could each have one in our offices. I don't believe I ever had to call field service due to breakage. VR05s were always testing one's eyesight. I routinely dropped one before setting down to do any work with it. It was a physical incantation that usually worked.

when they instituted a rule that you needed VP-level sign-off for 3270s in your office ... we did the business analysis that the 3-year amortized cost of 3270 was less per month than a telephone that everybody got on their desk as a matter of course.

that was just about the same time that some middle management discovered that a number of corporate executives had started using email ... and in a number of cases a whole organization's year's quota for 3270s for engineers and programmers got rerouted to middle management so they could appear to be doing email also ... aka all of a sudden it became a status symbol.

later on, such things became more institutionalized ... aka nearly all the internal PS2m80s going to managers' offices even tho they never used it for anything but 3270 emulation reading email.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

...killer PC's

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: ...killer PC's
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:21:48 GMT
ibmbama@YAHOO.COM (Howard Rifkind) writes:
The mainframe is dying and evolving at the same time. How many of you folks have gone out lately looking for a mainframe systems programmer or Cobol programming position? Find a position yet within a reasonable distance from where you live? I work in N.J. with a Systems Programmer for Canada. His commute is about 850 miles when he wants to go home for the weekend. How about that. Yes, there will always be a mainframe of some sort because of the types of data kept on them and the speed, but only with out sources and very large orginizations. Start learning LINUX on the mainframe...that's where things seem to be going.

at one point the only computers that existed were in the data center. everybody brought their card deck to the data center to be executed, regardless of the type or nature of the calculation to be performed.

introduction of departmental and personal computing allowed some things to migrate off the mainframe ... that were much more of departmental or personal computing type of tasks.

there were problems that some number of enterprise level tasks also migrated to departmental or personal computing platforms ... in some cases putting the enterprise at risk. part of the reason for this migration was the difficulty and frequently long lead time of doing any change/enhancement at the enterprise level ... no matter how trivial.

Another contributing factor was the difficulty of implementing local-domain applications that would access corporate data at the mainframe. there was a legacy problem that initial PC success was greatly facilitated by being able to do 3270 emulation ... but later on when it came time to move on to more sophisticated operations ... there was something of battle with entrenced forces (business units that had significant revenue from 3270 emulation products didn't want to see replaced with peer-to-peer high-speed access products). The resistance to introducing peer-to-peer high-speed access products into the market place contributed significantly to migration of enterprise data off the mainframe.

we got our hand-slapped for coming up with 3-tier architecture ... when the whole SAA client/server effort was trying to significantly reverse trends of applications to the PC (Lotus 123 running on the mainframe?) ... and at the same time limiting things to effectively 3270 emulation products for access by the PC clients to mainframe data (aka single t/r lan was more than "sufficient" for 300-500 PCs).

random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#16 middle layer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#17 middle layer
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#50 Edsger Dijkstra: the blackest week of his professional life
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#123 Speaking of USB ( was Re: ASR 33 Typing Element)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#124 Speaking of USB ( was Re: ASR 33 Typing Element)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#202 Middleware - where did that come from?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#42 IBM's Workplace OS (Was: .. Pink)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#45 IBM's Workplace OS (Was: .. Pink)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#56 Why not an IBM zSeries workstation?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#83 Z/90, S/390, 370/ESA (slightly off topic)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001d.html#69 Block oriented I/O over IP
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#20 OT - Internet Explorer V6.0
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#18 HP-UX will not be ported to Alpha (no surprise)exit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#19 HP Compaq merger, here we go again.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#46 3270 protocol
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#23 Alpha vs. Itanic: facts vs. FUD
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#34 Hercules etc. IBM not just missing a great opportunity...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#55 9-track tapes (by the armful)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#2 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#7 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#11 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#4 Microcode? (& index searching)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#37 Poor Man's clustering idea
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#4 IBM Mainframe at home
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#14 Mainframers: Take back the light (spotlight, that is)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#2 IBM's "old" boss speaks (was "new")
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#52 Bettman Archive in Trouble

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Latency benchmark (was HP Itanium2 benchmarks)

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Latency benchmark (was HP Itanium2 benchmarks)
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2002 17:31:37 GMT
... i used to have something posted to the effect (re LRU degenerating to FIFO) that when you can't make a good decision ... make a RANDOM one.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Difference between Unix and Linux?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Difference between Unix and Linux?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 22:04:18 GMT
"Alan T. Bowler" writes:
Only some mainframe terminals ran in block mode. Dumb ASCII async terminals were the usual choice for timesharing use on non-IBM hardware.

i added tty/ascii support to cp/67 back when undergraduate in late '60s. IBM picked up the code and shipped it in the product. it had a sort of design glitch ... and later when somebody at MIT modified the code ... it resulted in numerous kernel crashes that day.

they were supported in half-duplex mode by the (ibm) 2702 terminal controller which recognized certain line-end characters and generated interrupt to the processor when those characters were encountered.

at the university, we ran into some issues with the 2702 terminal controller and a couple of us started a project where we built a terminal controller starting with interdata/3 and reverse engineering the ibm channel interface and building our own board to interface to the ibm mainframe channel ... supposedly credited with originated the ibm pcm controller business:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm

the interdata/3 supported the tty terminals in full duplex and then played some games mapping that to half-duplex for the 2702 controller emulation. later, it was enhanced to be a combination of interdata/4 with interdata/3 dedicated to line-scanner function.

I believe the use of the interdata as termianl controller was then expanded to other mainframes (not just ibm). Also, perkin/elmer eventually bought it up ... and they were sold under the perkin/elmer brand. I ran into one 5-6 years ago in major transaction processing datacenter still handling heavy traffic load.

there was the "yale iup" for the series/1 in the '80s which also provided full-duplex ascii support for tty terminals to aix/370 (aka the port of ucla locus to 370 and ps/2 and released as ibm product).

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: HONE was .. Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 23:12:06 GMT
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
this was when cms\apl was first created (port from phili's apl\360 to cms environment and making available up to 16mbyte workspaces instead of just 16k or 32k workspaces). there was an enhanced sense of security when all the most valuable corporate data was loaded onto the cambridge system so these guys could run their financial & business analysis applications. eventually these guys got their own cp/67 systems down and new york. random past ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#34 Computers in Science Fiction


there is some line about people who don't read history are doomed to repeat the same mistakes over & over again.

about every two years some executive in the HONE chain of command or somewhere else in DPD would make some statement about HONE being hosted on MVS platform. Possibly 20-30 percent of the HONE staff would be sent off to port HONE to MVS platform. After 4-6 months it was be deemed an utter and total failure ... and the porting effort would quietly fade away. The problem being that it wasn't politically correct to point out that it was a utter and total failure to try and get something working on MVS. Since it wasn't politically correct to document it ... the whole issue would crop up in another 18 months or so and the exercise would get repeated.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

MITM solved by AES/CFB - am I missing something?!

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: MITM solved by AES/CFB - am I missing something?!
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:03:08 GMT
Sam Simpson writes:
Surely just running CFB isn't sufficient to solve the MITM attack - you need certification or similar technology - right?

depends on what specific attacks you are talking about.

If the situation assumes that keys have been securely exchanged ... and that given a secure, encrypted channel using AES CFB ... then can a MITM modify data in the transmission that goes undetected?

In a public key exchange ,,, can a MITM substitute their own public key undetected?

In the case of a public key exchange with certificates ... can a MITM create a situation where a valid certificate is substituted aka there has been lots of discussion regarding how a MITM would go about getting a valid, acceptable certificate ... say a SSL domain name server certificate.

one of the most recent has been in crypto mailing list regarding buying a root key that is currently acceptable to a majority of browsers, try search engine on: SSL Certificate "Monopoly" Bears Financial Fruit.

part of the issue is that while you might use certificates to a current real time public key exchange ... there is some kind of chain of trust going back to some procedure where you have accepted one or more "root key" by some method ... and all subsequent trust decisions you make involving certificates involve both the method by which you accepted that "root key" ... and all subsequent operations that the owner(s) of that root key might have been involved in ... as well as the method you use to protect and secure your list(s) of acceptable root keys.

things like PGP just eliminate the chain of trust ... they maintain a (secure) list of trusted keys and they use some out of band process for introducing keys into that list of trusted keys.

certificate infrastructures, in effect operate the same way .... but you might not even be aware of what your list of trusted keys are and/or what processes that were used to establish them and/or maintain them. These trusted keys then are used by entities that you may have no idea about to generate certificates (as opposed to directly signing pieces of email) ... which you then accept on complete faith. part of this is a possible myopic focus on the bit-stream that composes a particular public key certificate ... ignoring the whole rest of the business processes involved in creating the infrastructure for the operation of public key certificates ... certificates don't actually eliminate any of the MITM attacks on public key exchange ... they are just moved around ... at the same time adding a whole bunch of new attacks.

random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#sslcerts

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Beginner question on Security

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Beginner question on Security
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:13:51 GMT
jonath-k writes:
Please help me to correct my understanding if I am wrong here.

Security = Authentication + Integrity + Encryption


security typically is business process ... with business processes like authentication, integrity, and privacy, confidentiality, availability, etc.

encryption nominally isn't a business process .... it is a technology, that might be used to address things like integrity and privacy ... aka encryption can be used to keep information private ... encryption can also be used to recognize whether data has been modified in transit (aka integrity).

misc ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/secure.htm

from above
security
(1) The combination of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. (2) The quality or state of being protected from uncontrolled losses or effects. Note: Absolute security may in practice be impossible to reach; thus the security 'quality' could be relative. Within state models of security systems, security is a specific 'state' that is to be preserved under various operations. [AJP] (I) (1.) Measures taken to protect a system. (2.) The condition of system that results from the establishment and maintenance of measures to protect the system. (3.) The condition of system resources being free from unauthorized access and from unauthorized or accidental change, destruction, or loss. [RFC2828] A condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. [NSAINT] All aspects related to defining, achieving, and maintaining confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability, authenticity, and reliability. NOTE - A product, system, or service is considered to be secure to the extent that its users can rely that it functions (or will function) in the intended way. This is usually considered in the context of an assessment of actual or perceived threats. [ISO/IEC WD 15443-1 (11/2001)] [SC27] The combination of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. [FCv1] The quality or state being protected from uncontrolled losses or effects. Note: Absolute security may in practice be impossible to reach; thus the security 'quality' could be relative. Within state-models of security systems, security is a specific 'state', that is to be preserved under various operations. [JTC1/SC27/N734]


--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Beginner question on Security

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Beginner question on Security
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 17:48:58 GMT
Anders Thulin writes:
When you want to try a larger chunk of the sum, go for the Common Criteria at http://www.commoncriteria.org/.

i've somewhat viewed the orange book and related specifications as being applied to generalized, multipurpose computers .... which runs into all sorts of problems. some of the common criteria has been defining very targeted security specifications for specific environments and operations .... aka a firewall might be implemented using a multipurpose computer but because of lots of mitigating and compensating procedures a large amount of the generalized security specification may not be applicable to its operation.

the previously references security glossary at
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/secure.htm

is a merge of glossaries from:
Terms merged from: AFSEC, AJP, CC1, CC2, FCv1, FIPS140, IATF V3, IEEE610, ITSEC, Intel, JTC1/SC27/N734, KeyAll, MSC, NCSC/TG004, NIAP, NSA Intrustion, RFC1983, RFC2504, RFC2828, TCSEC, TDI, TNI, and misc. Updated 20020505 with NSA Intrusion glossary. Updated 20020511 with latest ISO SC27 definitions.

(including both common criteria "1" and "2" ... aka CC1, CC2)

repeat of the definion
security
(1) The combination of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. (2) The quality or state of being protected from uncontrolled losses or effects. Note: Absolute security may in practice be impossible to reach; thus the security 'quality' could be relative. Within state models of security systems, security is a specific 'state' that is to be preserved under various operations. [AJP] (I) (1.) Measures taken to protect a system. (2.) The condition of system that results from the establishment and maintenance of measures to protect the system. (3.) The condition of system resources being free from unauthorized access and from unauthorized or accidental change, destruction, or loss. [RFC2828] A condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. [NSAINT] All aspects related to defining, achieving, and maintaining confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability, authenticity, and reliability. NOTE - A product, system, or service is considered to be secure to the extent that its users can rely that it functions (or will function) in the intended way. This is usually considered in the context of an assessment of actual or perceived threats. [ISO/IEC WD 15443-1 (11/2001)] [SC27] The combination of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. [FCv1] The quality or state being protected from uncontrolled losses or effects. Note: Absolute security may in practice be impossible to reach; thus the security 'quality' could be relative. Within state-models of security systems, security is a specific 'state', that is to be preserved under various operations. [JTC1/SC27/N734]


but also including related terms (these terms are hypertect linked at the above glossary)
(see also BLACK, Generic Security Services API, IT security policy, IT security product, Kerberos, National Computer Security Center, National Computer Security Center glossary, National Security Decision Directive 145, RED, benign environment, classification level, clearance level, computer security technical vulnerability reporting program, concealment system, information flow control, lock-and-key protection system, multi-level secure, national computer security assessment program, need-to-know, network reference monitor, no-lone zone, overwrite procedure, permissions, personal security environment, print suppression, privacy, privileged process, restricted area, sanitize, secure configuration management, secure envelope, secure hash algorithm, secure hyper text transfer protocol, secure single sign-on, secure sockets layer, secure subsystem, security authority, security certificate, security element, security information object, security information object class, security policy information file, signed applet, system integrity, systems security steering group, trusted computer system, accreditation)

(includes Advanced Mobile Phone Service, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Authentication Header, Automated Information System security, Automated Security Incident Measurement, CONcept of Operations, Common Criteria, Common IP Security Option, Computer Security Objects Register, Cryptographic Application Program Interface, Data Encryption Standard, DoD Information Technology Security Certification and Accreditation Process, Generic Upper Layer Security, Internet Protocol security, National Information Assurance partnership, PKIX private extension, SOCKS, Simple Distributed Security Infrastructure, Simple Public Key Infrastructure/Simple Distributed Security Infrastructure, Standard Security Label, TEMPEST, TOE security functions, TOE security policy, Target of Evaluation, access control, access control list, accountability, add-on security, administrative security, adversary, anonymity, anti-jam, application program interface, application-level firewall, assurance, asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, attack, audit, authentication, authorization, automated data processing security, automated information system, automated security monitoring, availability, baseline, binding of security functionality, biometrics, call back, call back security, certificate, certificate revocation list, certification and accreditation, certification authority, challenge/response, checksum, closed security environment, code division multiple access, common data security, common data security architecture, common security, common security services manager, communication and data security architecture, communications security, compartmented security mode, compromise, compromised key list, computer emergency response team, computer intrusion, computer operations, audit, and security technology, computer security, computer security incident response team, computer security object, computer security subsystem, confidentiality, configuration management, contingency plan, control zone, controlled security mode, corporate security policy, correctness proof, countermeasures, covert channel, credential, crypto-ignition key, crypto-security, cryptographic functions, data security, dedicated security mode, defense in depth, defense-wide information assurance program, denial of service, designated approving authority, developer security, digital certificate, digital signature, discretionary access control, downgrade, dual control, eavesdropping, economy of mechanism, effective key length, electronic key management system, email security software, emanations security, emission security, encapsulating security payload, evaluation assurance level, external security controls, file security, formal security policy model, frequency division multiple access, front-end security filter, future narrow band digital terminal, global command and control system, global information grid, global network information environment, guard, hacker, hash, host-based security, identification, identification and authentication, information assurance, information security, information system security officer, information systems security, information systems security engineering, information technology, insider attack, integrity, internal security controls, internet control message protocol, intrusion detection, intrusion detection system, key, key management, key management infrastructure, layered solution, local area network, mandatory access control, mission needs statement, motivation, multi-level security, multi- level security mode, multipurpose internet mail extensions, mutual suspicion, mutually suspicious, national telecommunications and Information Systems Security advisery memoranda/instructions, national telecommunications and information system security directives, network security, network security architecture, network security officer, non-discretionary security, non-technical countermeasure, open security, open security environment, open system interconnection model, open systems security, operational data security, operational integrity, operations security, organisational security policy, parity, partitioned security mode, password, perimeter-based security, personnel security, physical security, pretty good privacy, privacy, authentication, identification, integrity, non-repudiation, privacy, authentication, identification, non-repudiation, procedural security, protection needs elicitation, protection profile, proxy, public-key infrastructure, residual risk, risk, risk management, risk plane, robustness, rule-based security policy, sanitization, secret key, secure multipurpose internet mail extensions, secure network server, secure profile inspector, secure state, security architecture, security class, security clearance, security compromise, security environment, security event, security features, security filter, security flaw, security flow analysis, security function, security gateway, security incident, security intrusion, security level, security management infrastructure, security mechanism, security model, security objective, security officer, security parameters index, security perimeter, security policy, security protocol, security safeguards, security service, security situation, security software, security specifications, security target, security testing, separation of duties, session key, signature [digital, electronic], simple security property, social engineering, software security, strength of mechanisms, subject security level, symmetric algorithm, system integrity service, system security authorization agreement, system security officer, system security policy, system-high security mode, tamper, technical countermeasure, technical security policy, technology gap, term rule-based security policy, threat, time division multiple access, token, top-level security objectives, transmission security, trojan horse, trusted computing base, trusted operating system, tunneling router, usage security policy, user, virtual network perimeter, virtual private network, virus, vulnerability, wide area network, worm)


--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Transportation

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Transportation
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 19:56:35 GMT
"Rupert Pigott" <dark.try-eating-this.b00ng@btinternet.com> writes:
I don't want to stick up for Amtrak, god knows I don't, but I looking after crumbling railway infrastructure ain't cheap. :)

part of the issue is the trucking infrastructure is heavily subsidized just thru the road system .... aka nearly all the road infrastructure costs are related to heavy trucking. the building of the original railroad infrastructure was heavily subsidized by the large land grants ... but that has essentially been pretty well bleed off over the years. The issue now is the day-to-day operational revenues vis-a-vis day-to-day operational & infrastructure costs (trucks vis-a-vis railroads).

As a starting assumption that nearly all the road infrastructure costs (original build, ongoing maint., etc) are almost totally heavy trucking related ... then it would be logical(?) to start with all fuel taxes supporting road systems be only applicable to heavy trucks ... in effect all the current fuel tax income currently spread across the whole driving population but recovered solely from heavy trucking activity).

I have no idea what the current percentage of total fuel consumption is by heavy trucking ... just for argument sake lets assume three percent. With fuel tax running around 40 cents (federal + state), then if this was to be totally recovered by heavy trucking fuel consumption ... it would need to be raised by a factor of thirty to around twelve dollars per gallon.

misc ref on fuel tax:
http://www.taxadmin.org/fta/rate/motor_fl.html

misc road construction ref:
https://web.archive.org/web/20010803072011/http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/oppd/hdm/chapters/t603.htm
603.1 Introduction

The primary goal of the design of the pavement structural section is to provide a structurally stable and durable pavement and base system which, with a minimum of maintenance, will carry the projected traffic loading for the designated design period. This topic discusses the factors to be considered and procedures to be followed in developing a projection of truck traffic for design of the "pavement structure" or the structural section for specific projects.

Pavement structural sections are designed to carry the projected truck traffic considering the expanded truck traffic volume, mix, and the axle loads converted to 80 kN equivalent single axle loads (ESAL's) expected to occur during the design period. The effects on pavement life of passenger cars, pickups, and two-axle trucks are considered to be negligible.

Traffic information that is required for structural section design includes axle loads, axle configurations, and number of applications. The results of the AASHO Road Test (performed in the early 1960's in Illinois) have shown that the damaging effect of the passage of an axle load can be represented by a number of 80 kN ESAL's. For example, one application of a 53 kN single axle load was found to cause damage equal to an application of approximately 0.23 of an 80 kN single axle load, and four applications of a 53 kN single axle were found to cause the same damage (or reduction in serviceability) as one application of an 80 kN single axle.


--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Transportation

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Transportation
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 20:30:47 GMT
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
misc road construction ref:
https://web.archive.org/web/20010803072011/http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/oppd/hdm/chapters/t603.htm

603.1 Introduction


oops, the above html is gone missing (I had the url sitting around from some time ago).

the new/current web page for the caltrans highway design manual
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/oppd/hdm/hdmtoc.htm

and it does point at a (large, 750kbyte) pdf file that is online.
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/oppd/hdm/pdf/chp0600.pdf

a little picking around and found html file online
https://web.archive.org/web/20020619144341/http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/oppd/hdm/c600.htm
but missing a lot of drawings found in the pdf version.

note the above also has section (606) that covers some of the issues of things like frost heaves.

old roads postings:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#21 Roads as Runways Was: Re: BA Solves Y2K (Was: Re: Chinese Solve Y2K)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#22 Roads as Runways Was: Re: BA Solves Y2K (Was: Re: Chinese Solve Y2K)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#23 Roads as Runways Was: Re: BA Solves Y2K (Was: Re: Chinese Solve Y2K)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#27 Roads as Runways Was: Re: BA Solves Y2K (Was: Re: Chinese
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#32 Roads as Runways Was: Re: BA Solve

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:37:02 GMT
ab528@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Heinz W. Wiggeshoff) writes:
Starting with artillery tables, it's hard to decide which general area of engineering has taken up more CPU time within the realm of a.f.c (i.e. 20 years ago). I believe it was McDonnell Douglas that unloaded 6 high end IBM 91 or 95 or 195s in the early 70's at a time that I was still mightily impressed with the 85. I guess that old Nastran code could really crunch through the CPU cycles.

slightly related
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#13 Airspeed Semantics, was: not quite an sr-71, was: Re: jet in IBM ad?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subboyd.html#boyd

when i did stint at boeing for the BCS (boeing computing system/services) startup (was one of the first couple dozen employees) ... renton had a really large datacenter ... joke about there constantly being 2-3 360/65s boxed in the hallways waiting staging for installation on the machine room floor.

for disaster recovery purposes, all of renton data center was later duplicated in everett (one of the scenarios is mud-slide down the nearby mountain; which they take seriously ... some of the small towns nearer the mountain have sirens and drills).

one story they told is that the day after the 360 announcement ... boeing walked into their local salesman and placed an initial order for something like twenty 360/65s (actually would have been 360/60s on announcement day). his commission exceeded the top executive salary that year ... and as a result the next year corporate hdqtrs created the quota plan (rather than straight commission). That year, his commission also exceeded the top xecutive salary ... and they up'ed his quota again. He then left and formed his own computer consulting and services company (which much later got bought by GM, and then he formed a new computer consulting and services company and also ran for president).

random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#32 Roads as Runways Was: Re: BA Solve
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#130 early hardware
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#66 360 Architecture, Multics, ... was (Re: X86 ultimate CISC? No.)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#8 "HAL's Legacy and the Vision of 2001: A Space Odyssey"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#9 "HAL's Legacy and the Vision of 2001: A Space Odyssey"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#23 Linux IA-64 interrupts [was Re: Itanium benchmarks ...]
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#56 YKYBHTLW....
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#55 TSS/360
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#30 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#22 Computer Terminal Design Over the Years

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Funeral for a friend - Infiniband

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Funeral for a friend - Infiniband
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2002 15:45:26 GMT
rpw3@rigden.engr.sgi.com (Rob Warnock) writes:
Hardly. Look for Winsock Direct and friends (Sockets Direct, iWarp, whatever) to start making noises about running (probably assuming hardware "TCP/IP offload" support) on good ol' Ethernet...

its been 15 years or so since some SGI engineers were looking at applying graphics engine pipelining to protocol engine for TCP/IP FDDI offload (when FDDI was the only 100mbit/sec around, excluding multiple parallel 50mbyte HYPERchannel).

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 14:29:36 GMT
jfregus@ix.netcom.com (John F. Regus) writes:
Does Microsoft's Symetrical Multi Processing seem like IBM's 1970's Loosely Coupled Multi Processing?

my wife did a stint in POK responsible for loosely-coupled architecture. while there she authored Peer-Coupled Shared Data architecture ... which didn't see much use until sysplex, except for possibly ims hot-standby.

at about the same time, HONE was centralizing and creating what I believe was the largest single system complex in the world ... clusters of SMP.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

later we did an internal high-speed backbone and did some NSFNET related work ... as well as HA/CMP and involved in both FCS and SCI standards.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13 SSA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hacmp

part of the reason was we were looking for scalable support and none of the rios chips had support for consistent shared memory ... and the power/pc with shared memory support was still years away (at the time we started on High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing in the late '80s).

and then after both taking an early out in '92 ... spent some time talking to sequent, convex, and tandem. both sequent and tandem claimed to have done significant (shared-memory) parallization work on the NT kernel in the early to mid 90s.

sequent had a snoopy bus with intel processors that went to 32-way ... but I believe those configurations were primarily supported by dynix (sequent's unix) ... i believe the NT work was primarily on 4-way to 8-way processor shared memory configurations.

side note ... if anybody remembers the netscape downloads of the mid-90s ... they had multiple large servers netscape1, netscape2, netscape3, ... and it was suggested that people sort of randomly try different nodes looking for lightest loaded. they eventually installed a large sequent configuration as netscape20 ... and the problem sort of just evaporated (as did most of the multiple servers). at the time, sequent dynix had possibly the best scaling tcp/ip support around (at least in terms of supporting large number of concurrent sessions, they were also one of the first to have scalable solution to the dnagling finwait opportunity; at the time there were some situations where processors were spending >90percent of the cpu running the dangling finwait list).

sequent and data general both did 256-way intel using SCI ... basically 4-way intel quad-board sharing local cache and 64-port SCI configuration implementing 256-way global shared memory (sequent took relatively standard intel 4-way SMP quad-boards and did the work to make it work with 64-port SCI).

note that there are both lcmp clusters and shared-nothing clusters. lcmp clusters typically have shared-access to disk (while not having shared-memory). shared-nothing clusters (like wolfpack) rely on network message passing ... to implement things like replicated data.

press release from 10/12/95 (remember AT&T was also NCR)
Companies Voice Support for Microsoft Clustering Strategy

AT&T Global Information Solutions welcomes the opportunity to participate in providing customers with an industry standard for clustering technology. AT&T has years of experience in delivering clustering and fault-resilient technology with AT&T(R) LifeKeeper. Through our collaboration with Microsoft, we plan to protect and enhance our customers' investment in Windows NT Server solutions from AT&T, and to continue to deliver superior high-availability solutions that drive and utilize future industry-standard clustering technology for Windows NT Server.'


extract from 8/96
http://www.winntmag.com/issues/Aug96/wolfpack.htm

What Is Wolfpack?

Several leading NT Server systems vendors, including Compaq, Digital Equipment, HP, NCR, and Tandem, have been independently working on clustering solutions for a few years. These vendors agreed to pool their expertise with Microsoft in an initiative to produce a cross-vendor standard for NT Server clusters. This group wanted to give NT Server customers the greater choice and flexibility they wanted. So in October 1995, Microsoft announced its intent to develop strategic partnerships to fashion a new clustering standard with the code name Wolfpack.

This name and many of its technology goals derive from Pfister's book. In Chapter 4, Pfister describes a cluster as a "pack of dogs." While searching for a code name for the API, Microsoft came across this book and decided to describe clusters with the name Wolfpack, which sounds a lot cooler than Dogpack.

Wolfpack is an alias for clusters, and the six core vendors in Microsoft's clustering project consider themselves members of the Wolfpack. These members are Digital, Compaq, Tandem, Intel, HP, and NCR. Each partner contributes key components of its existing technology. Other vendors, including Amdahl, IBM, Octopus, Vinca, Marathon, Stratus, and Cheyenne, have agreed to support the Wolfpack API. These vendors are part of Microsoft's Open Process, which includes about 60 vendors and customers who are part of design previews during various stages of Wolfpack development.

Wolfpack describes a set of cluster-aware APIs, NT cluster support, and a clustering solution (which means a vendor can claim to be Wolfpack compliant while competing with the Wolfpack solution on a different level--so if a vendor claims to support Wolfpack, you need to ask how). Here's a detailed explanation of each Wolfpack component.


<snip>

misc m'soft refs:
http://www.microsoft.com/WINDOWS2000/hpc/dsmperpec.asp
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp?url=/TechNet/prodtechnol/windows2000serv/reskit/serverop/part2/sopch10.asp

random sci refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#8 Why Do Mainframes Exist ???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#25 SGI O2 and Origin system announcements
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#40 Comparison Cluster vs SMP?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#39 John Mashey's greatest hits
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#85 what makes a cpu fast
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001f.html#11 Climate, US, Japan & supers query
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#12 OT - Internet Explorer V6.0
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#17 I hate Compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#16 Disappointed
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#10 "Soul of a New Machine" Computer?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#78 Q: Is there any interest for vintage Byte Magazines from 1983
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#83 HONE

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 14:49:01 GMT
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
note that there are both lcmp clusters and shared-nothing clusters. lcmp clusters typically have shared-access to disk (while not having shared-memory). shared-nothing clusters (like wolfpack) rely on network message passing ... to implement things like replicated data.

oops, pack of dogs ... is shared nothing with message passing. wolfpack supports shared disk.

also from
http://www.winntmag.com/issues/Aug96/wolfpack.htm
Wolfpack: The Solution

Microsoft will deliver Wolfpack, the solution, in two phases. Phase 1 is two-node availability and scaling clusters (a new version of SQL Server will let you work on the same database from two servers at once). Phase 2 will allow more than two nodes in a cluster.

Reread the first paragraph in this article. That scenario describes a June 1996 demonstration of a Wolfpack availability cluster solution at PC Expo in New York City. This two-node failover capability is the basis for Phase 1 of Wolfpack (early 1997 is the estimate for delivery). The price for Wolfpack's Phase 1 release is not set, but one rumor is that NT Server will include Wolfpack at no additional cost. As I write this article, Compaq, Digital, HP, NCR, Amdahl, Stratus, and Tandem have all announced plans to OEM the Wolfpack-based cluster solution.

The next step in Phase 1 (set for the second quarter of 1997) will be an open certification program with the goal of expanding the market for two-node cluster solutions and giving NT Server customers a greater selection to choose from. Microsoft is also committed to making Wolfpack available on Intel, Alpha, PowerPC, and MIPS chips.


--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: M$ SMP and old time IBM's LCMP
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 20:14:34 GMT
"Rupert Pigott" <dark.try-eating-this.b00ng@btinternet.com> writes:
The wierd thing is : It all seemed to go very quiet after phase 1 (ie: basic fail-over). I was wondering if they renamed it or just silently dropped it.

Stuff like Longhorn can't really help it much either (if you believe that Bill is not implementation on backward compatability).


i thot that the microsoft terabyte satellite image internet server was some sort of shared-disk clustering.

the big new thing in clustering seems to be the grid stuff that the high-energy physics guys seemed to have started ... it was all over supercomputer 2002 in denver at the start of the year ... and now "grid" seems to be the new, in term.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

SHARE Planning

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SHARE Planning
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 22:03:53 GMT
jmaynard@CONMICRO.CX (Jay Maynard) writes:
Assuming I can get from the airport to my hotel, this sounds like good advice. I've made reservations (an Expedia vacation package wasn't too expensive for two days...), and will definitely be there.

(Plug: I'm doing Session 2880, The Hercules S/370, ESA/390, and z/Architecture Emulator, at 6 PM Tuesday. If you want to find out the real truth about Hercules, that's the place.)


i just got note/invitation to (30th anniv) event 6pm wed. 21st.

i had been part of announcement at spring '68 share meeting in houston ... but that 30th year has come and gone (will be 35 years next spring).

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Funeral for a friend - Infiniband

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Funeral for a friend - Infiniband
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:08:49 GMT
"Tarjei T. Jensen" writes:
The problem seems to be the way Irix handles TCP acknowledgments on high bandwidth devices. It looks like it does not bother to keep track of the likely send buffer of the other host (it is likely that the send buffer is of the same size as the receive window) and instead expect everybody to use the 60KB window Irix announces. This fails spectacularly with Netware 6 which uses a TCP window size of 6 - 12KB.

side note that while some number of SGI people spearheaded the effort ... it was somewhat independent and a lot of the prototype work actually was done on sun platforms. from some long dusty past ... I served on the group's technical advisery board. somewhere in the basement, I think I still have 3 foot pile of tab documents plus a hardcover book by some guys at univ. of virginia(?).

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

SHARE Planning

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SHARE Planning
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 14:37:08 GMT
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
i just got note/invitation to (30th anniv) event 6pm wed. 21st.

i had been part of announcement at spring '68 share meeting in houston ... but that 30th year has come and gone (will be 35 years next spring).


i guess i missed CICS. the university that I was at was one of the beta-test sites ... and I had the task of supporting and debugging CICS during the beta-test period (the beta-test end and my graduation happened about the same time).

the spring '68 announcement that was held at houston share was for cp/67 ... the precursor to vm/370.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Next step in elimination of 3270's?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Next step in elimination of 3270's?
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 17:44:28 GMT
edgould@AMERITECH.NET (Edward Gould) writes:
Peter,

Yes I was aware of the 5250 (boy not in a long time though). I suspect that they are floating the 5250 "replacement" as a way to get rid of the 3270.. Maybe I am reaching but its not the first time IBM has started out doing something in one areana and taking it company wide.

Reaching, maybe. But I think we have all seen the signs, no?

Ed


reference to something similar going on 15 years ago when we started pushing 3-tier architecture and were being opposed by the SAA forces.

random ref in killer PC thread
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#34 ...killer PC's

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

"Slower is more secure"

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: "Slower is more secure"
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 14:30:38 GMT
Mok-Kong Shen <mok-kong.shen@t-online.de> writes:
To be fair, I suppose that one should mention that secret agencies of many (presumably all) other countries of the world are going similar things, even if they may not have equally high material, technical and intellectual resources. Assuming that these are anyhow bound by morals/ethics would be at least as questionable as (if not more questionable than) assuming that all clergymen are morally impeccable persons.

back in early to mid '80s when the large computer company i was working for starting looking at allowing people to access email while traveling ... a vulnerability assesement highlighted hotel PBXs as one of the most vulnerable points. as a result, the company built custom 2400baud modems that included session key generation and exchange and des encrypted transmission.

at least corporate espionage was issue in the US ... and both corporate and gov. espionage was issue outside the US. I seem to remember something in the news from the period about gov. agents in some european country going thru hotel rooms as part of industrial espionage efforts.

evem prior to the "road warrior" issue .... all of the telco lines for internal corporate network required link encryptors (for some period, the claim was that half of all link encryptors in the world were installed on the internal network, that claim may have been qualified with "non-gov" ... i don't remember) .. . I remember this causing some issues with gov/PPTs in europe ... especially lines that crossed country borders.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

SHARE Planning

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SHARE Planning
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 14:57:18 GMT
Anne & Lynn Wheeler writes:
i guess i missed CICS. the university that I was at was one of the beta-test sites ... and I had the task of supporting and debugging CICS during the beta-test period (the beta-test end and my graduation happened about the same time).

in response to recent email question about early cics:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#33 ... cics ... from posting from another list

also in the above ref regarding origin of 360 pcm controller business
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

MIT says I don't live in the USA

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: MIT says I don't live in the USA
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 15:38:34 GMT
Mickey writes:
I've tried to download PGP from the MIT site and it tells me that I don't live in the USA. The last time I checked, Chico, CA was in the US. What can I do?

mostly i've seen it happen when ISP doesn't provide reverse-DNS for the ip-address you are using (the usual process i've seen is do reverse-DNS mapping from ip-address to domain name ... and then do some sort of check on the domain name).

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

AADS, ECDSA, and even some TCPA

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: AADS, ECDSA, and even some TCPA
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 19:05:45 GMT
After spending several years on the AADS chip strawman
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads

I also gave a talk on it at the Intel Developer's Forum last year, including a claim that pretty much as it currently existed, it could do all the things that were requirement for trusted computing module. A copy of this presentation is also at the above URL (slides on assurance).

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Server and Mainframes

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Server and Mainframes
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 14:51:24 GMT
msimpson@UKY.EDU (Matt Simpson) writes:
When we got our 9672, it was called a "Parallel Enterprise Server". I forget what our Multiprise 3000 is called. I think it's also some kind of "server". But when I pestered the salesweasel, she started throwing out model numbers, and that was one that she mentioned as being a "mainframe".

I think that in some other ng (like a.f.c.) where this has been a topic, mainframe started out denoting the main frame in the (telco) central exchange .... to distinguish between it and all the other frames/boxes. This appears to have migrated to the dataprocessing floor ... picking out the central processing unit from all the other hardware boxes that supported the central processing unit. It was also used to distinguish between the multiple frame data processing units and the single frame minicomputers.

specifically within the ibm customer world ... it was associated with the ibm 360, 370, etc lineage of computers and along the way became somewhat synonymous with their applications and capabilities.

with hardware technology advances, it became possible to build single frame processors that would run the "mainframe" operating systems and the associated applications.

also over the years, with various minicomputer and microcomputer evoluation acquired applications that had lots of the attributes that had previously only been seen in the "mainframe" dataprocessing world.

slightly related to the multiple frame issue ... start of 360 pcm controller business:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm

and slightly related to the ras dataprocessing attribute:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#disk

in any case something that may have originally started out as highlighting the distinction between the "large" multiple box dataprocessing and the single box minicomputers ... has become quite ambiquous ... loosing a lot of its original specific meaning ... and along the way acquiring a lot of additional connotations.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Server and Mainframes

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Server and Mainframes
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 19:08:00 GMT
"Howard Brazee" writes:
Sounds as though the box with all of the blade computers in it fits the original definition better than anything else. But it isn't a mainframe by today's meaning.

and i thot that the ha/cmp project had the original idea for blade configurations:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/95.html#13

more than just the straight rack-mount ... starting with 4u and wanting to be a lot thinner.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 19:27:12 GMT
"Ben Mord" writes:
I have a question about exactly what guarantees SSL can and can not provide, specifically in the absence of client certificates. I am particularly interested in channel integrity - the inability of a third party to hijack an established connection and pass themselves off as the one who first initiated the channel.

some of my past postings in threads related to SSL MITM attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#1 Are client certificates really secure?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#41 Solutions to Man in the Middle attacks?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#47 SSL MITM Attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#50 SSL MITM Attacks
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#38 MITM solved by AES/CFB - am I missing something?!

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 19:35:53 GMT
pornin@nerim.net (Thomas Pornin) writes:
If the server has a certificate, and the client has none, SSL guarantees that: -- The client has a strong assurance of talking to the "right" server (for HTTPS, the server must use a certificate which contains its DNS name, and the web browser verifies that property).

the reason for the SSL domain name certificate is because of questions with regard to the integrity of the domain name infrastructure (i.e. a client compares the domain name that it thinks it is talking to with the domain name in the server certificate).

as mentioned in some mailing lists there is starting to be concerns about browser tables of trusted public keys (i.e. the list of public keys for certification authorities that may sign acceptable server certificates).

there is also the issue that when processing a domain name certificate application ... the certification authority must rely on the authoritative agency responsible for the information being certified. In the case of domain name certificates, the authoritative agency is the domain name infrastrucure ... the very same domain name infrastructure who's integrity questions give rise to needing ssl server domain name certificates in the first place.

Now there are some integrity enhancements ... in part proposed by the certification authorities to improve the integrity of the domain name infrastructure ... so that the certification authorities can trust the certification of the domain name request that they perform with the domain name infrastructure.

A possible obvious catch-22 is that if the domain name infrastructure intregrity is improved for use by the certification authorities ... it may be of sufficient integrity for everybody's use and ssl domain name certificates would no longer be necessary.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

How to map a user account to a digital cert?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: How to map a user account to a digital cert?
Newsgroups: alt.technology.smartcards
Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 19:51:25 GMT
john.veldhuis writes:
Q: I need some help on mapping a digital cert to an user account in Windows NT environment. During logon, instead of user name and password, the cert would be read from a smart card. User would be asked to key-in the corresponding PIN. If authenticated, s/he would be allowed to access the resources the same way as s/he would do with user name and password. Is there any such product available in the market for windows NT?

note that working draft PKINIT enhancement to kerberos (m'soft authentication infrastructure is kerberos).

pkinit draft specifies that a message is digital signed (in the case of a hardware token, the hardware token "signs" the message). the message is designed to prevent replay, sniffing, or skimming attacks.

any hardware token that just transmits a fixed value ... even if it is a cert ... is subject to replay/sniffing vulnerabilities (aka somebody evesdrops on any fixed transmitted value ... and then is able to reproduce it is capable of defeating the system). This is the same as the replay/sniffing vulnerabilities on passwords ... once you find out the value .... you can operate fraudulently.

unfortunately that are some number of hardware tokens that actually do just transmit a fixed value for authentication .... putting them down close to the password paradigm from an integrity standpoint (subject to sniffing/skimming vulnerability and subsequent fraudulent replays).

kerberos is internet standard nndex to internet rfc standards can be found at
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/rfcietff.htm

to find kerberso specific RFCs ... select term (term->RFC#) at the above web page and scroll down to "kerberos" ... aka

kerberos
see also authentication , security
3244 3129 2942 2712 2623 1964 1510 1411

selecting on the specific RFCs will bring up the summary in the lower frame. Selecting on the txt field in the summary will retrieve the actual rfc.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 22:22:57 GMT
Edward Elliott writes:
Not as long as the internet runs on IP v4. If I can spoof an IP address, I can make the other party think I'm coming from the domain that IP address is in.

one of the certification authority related proposals for improving the integrity of the domain name infrastructure is for the domain name owner to register their public key at the same time they register the domain name. from then on all communication between the domain name owner and the domain name infrastructure is then digitally signed and verified using the public key stored in the account record for that domain name.

now it turns out that the existing domain name infrastructure implementations have provide a generic facility for real-time distribution of information, aka all information associated with a domain name can be distributed ... not just the ip-address.

a significant reduction in the ssl handshaking chatter would go away if in the same response the ip-address was returned to the client by the domain name infrastructure if the public key (if available) was piggy backed on the same response ... as part of the standard domain name infrastructure support.

all the certificate stuff disappears ... all of the browser trusted key repository disappears ... all the certificate related SSL handshaking chatter disappears ... poof ... you have both a trusted ip-address and a trusted public key in a single operation.

refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#sslcerts

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Server and Mainframes

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Server and Mainframes
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main
Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 03:39:54 GMT
cfmtech@istar.ca (Clark F. Morris, Jr.) writes:
Is a Tandem a mainframe? The design philosophy was that anything could fail and the system would keep on chugging. You could add hardware and software on the fly at a time when it was an IPL for IBM. I believe there were other no downtime vendors, one of which was bought by IBM.

at least ibm paid a lot of money to logo another vendor's product. there was something of an issue in the market place tho with essentially the same product competing under two different brand names.

random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#69 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#48 Withdrawal Announcement 901-218 - No More 'small machines'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#49 Withdrawal Announcement 901-218 - No More 'small machines'
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#9 HP-UX will not be ported to Alpha (no surprise)exit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#10 HP-UX will not be ported to Alpha (no surprise)exit
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#11 HP-UX will not be ported to Alpha (no surprise)exit

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: SSL integrity guarantees in abscense of client certificates
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 14:29:37 GMT
Edward Elliott writes:
I sincerely doubt a significant portion of stolen credit card numbers come from stealing cookies or hijacking HTTP/S sessions. The targets are too decentralized for effective harvesting. Huge databases of credit card numbers kept by ignorant merchants are far more attractive targets, and we have evidence these have been compromised in the past. I'm sure even more are taken through plain-old real world methods that predate the net.

Check the VISA and MasterCard fraud rates (if they release such figures), but I don't believe there's been any appreciable increase in card fraud in the past decade, at least in the US.


i don't know of any reported major fraud related to any crypto and transport protocol issues; major reported fraud has typically been related to the word "skimming" or (as mentioned) with regard to the internet, the harvesting of web merchant credit card transaction file/log (reports in the press of tens of thousands of numbers being harvesting) ... somewhat related
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#terror3 [FYI] Did Encryption Empower These Terrorists?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#5 E-commerce security????
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#54 Does "Strong Security" Mean Anything?

the world bank report mentioned in the attached may be of some interest
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm12.htm#12 TOC for world bank e-security paper

general related threads:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subintegrity.html#assurance

part of the issue is that the account number essentially is itself authentication information and therefor must be treated as a shared-secret. the financial standards x9a10 working group was given the requirement to preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for all electronic retail payments (not just debit, or credit, or atm, or just internet or point-of-sale, etc ... but ALL):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#x959

misc. security proportional to risk related threads:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#websecure merchant web server security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#terror4 [FYI] Did Encryption Empower These Terrorists?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#pcards The end of P-Cards?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm6.htm#pcards3 The end of P-Cards? (addenda)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm7.htm#rubberhose Rubber hose attack
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay7.htm#netbank2 net banking, is it safe?? ... security proportional to risk
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay7.htm#netsecure some recent threads on netbanking & e-commerce security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay7.htm#3dsecure2 3D Secure Vulnerabilities? Photo ID's and Payment Infrastructure
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm8.htm#rhose17 [Fwd: Re: when a fraud is a sale, Re: Rubber hose attack]
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay7.htm#3dsecure3 financial payment standards ... finger slip
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm10.htm#cfppki13 CFP: PKI research workshop
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm10.htm#tamper Limitations of limitations on RE/tampering (was: Re: biometrics)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay10.htm#20 Security Proportional to Risk (was: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aadsm11.htm#45 Web site exposes credit card fraud
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#61 Net banking, is it safe???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#67 Would this type of credit card help online shopper to feel more secure?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#53 Credit Card # encryption
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#57 E-commerce security????
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#2 E-commerce security????
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#44 Does "Strong Security" Mean Anything?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#55 I-net banking security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#2 Why is UNIX semi-immune to viral infection?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#8 Security Proportional to Risk (was: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#9 Security Proportional to Risk (was: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#11 Security Proportional to Risk (was: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#16 Mainframers: Take back the light (spotlight, that is)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#24 Security Proportional to Risk (was: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#25 Security Proportional to Risk (was: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#28 Security Proportional to Risk (was: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#5 What goes into a 3090?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#18 Opinion on smartcard security requested
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#36 Crypting with Fingerprints ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#37 Would the value of knowledge and information be transferred or shared accurately across the different culture??????
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#10 Least folklorish period in computing (was Re: IBM Mainframe at home)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#23 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#28 Security Issues of using Internet Banking
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#35 Security and e-commerce
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#6 Biometric authentication for intranet websites?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#41 Biometric authentication for intranet websites?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#72 A Lesson In Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#14 Symmetric-Key Credit Card Protocol on Web Site

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

vm marketing (cross post)

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: vm marketing (cross post)
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 15:25:21 GMT
does anybody remember the cern cms/tso bake-off report distributed at share (circa 1974) and that internally copies of the report was stamped"confidential, restricted" (aka available on a need to know basis only).

at various points it was thot that share did more vm marketing than possibly any "marketing" organization ... (aka customer vm uptake at times seemed to be in despite of the marketing organization).

in any case, if it hadn't been for share ... you might not have seen the evolution of gml/sgml to html/xml/etc at cern.

the other interesting side-light was that for an extended period of time, the whole world-wide marketing organization .... operated on HONE ... which were all VM/CMS (initially starting out on CP/67) ... and the US HONE installation was for a long time the largest single system data processing complex in the world. random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#hone

starting with the 370 115/125 a marketing rep couldn't even order a machine w/o using HONE.

and eventually the whole corporation "ran" on the internal network .... which was from just about the start until possibly sometime circa 1985, larger than the whole arpanet/internet ... and was predominately VM.

One of the issues in the internal network .... was by the time mvs platform got jes support ... the size of the internal network was larger than the jes node table .... and the various increases in the jes node table size always trailed the number of nodes in the internal network. The NJE driver had a habit of throwing away network traffic that wasn't in the local table ... that eliminated the possibility of any JES node of ever acting as an intermediate store&forward node on the internal network. As a result any JES nodes were simply restricted to boundary nodes on the internal network.

The other problem was that JES made the mistake with NJE of effectively confusing network issues and jes operation; as a result incompatible releases of JES could result in bringing down the MVS system (i.e. a new release of JES with slight modification to NJE header ... could precipitate mvs sysem crashes if transmitting to earlier release JES-based systems).

The vm network support ... divorced the transport interface from the operation of the network ... and essentially from the beginning had effectively "gateway" capability at each node. A VM node might have its native drivers (which also had more efficient & higher thruput than NJE drivers) and possibly one or more NJE drivers.

Frequently a VM node acting as a store&forward node in the internal network with some number of JES boundary nodes .... would have NJE header "cleaner code" incorporated into each of its NJE drivers. The NJE header cleaner code would be specific to the release level of JES that the driver code was talking to. The point of the NJE header cleaner code would to be normalize NJE header information that might have originated from a JES system at a different release or version level and keep the local MVS system from crashing.

VM network code was possibly the original implementation that cleanly separated & layered driver, network, transport, and application issues.

One of the case histories was where a JES/MVS boundary node in San Jose was crashing MVS systems in Hursley i.e. the San Jose system had upgraded its JES2 system which was generated slightly different NJE header information ... and the VM NJE header cleaner code in Hursley wasn't handling the new variation and letting a glitch get thru. To a lot of people .... it wasn't viewed as a severe deficiency in MVS, JES, & NJE .... it was a VM "bug" because VM wasn't keeping the MVS system from crashing.

in any case, one of the reasons that the internet finally started to grow faster than the internal network in the '80s was the big internet switch-over in 1/1/83 to a protocol that actually had the IP-layer as well as "gateway" (aka ... prior to the 1/1/83 the arpanet/internet didn't have internet prototol support).

not only did cp/40, cp/67, and vm/370 come out of the cambridge science center ... but also things like gml and the internal network.

slightly related discussions of arpanet/internet with some internal network:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/internet.htm

some specific thread regarding internal network size
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#112 OS/360 names and error codes (was: Humorous and/or Interesting Opcodes)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#63 Is Al Gore The Father of the Internet?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#13 internet preceeds Gore in office.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#14 internet preceeds Gore in office.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#30 Is Tim Berners-Lee the inventor of the web?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001c.html#4 what makes a cpu fast
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#19 checking some myths.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#21 checking some myths.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#50 Title Inflation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#12 Author seeks help - net in 1981

misc. csc (& 545 tech sq) threads
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Total Computing Power

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Total Computing Power
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 15:34:35 GMT
"Russ Holsclaw" writes:
Of course, there were many private networks in existence, but not that many with "high speed" links. A more typical long-haul connection, for terminals like the 3270, was on the order of 4800 or 7200 bps.

every once and awhile 9600.

there was a bank that had thousands of 3270s at hundreds of branches with 9600baud multi-drop line (aka multiple 3270s shared the same 9600 line) to each branch). they upgraded to distributed computing model with something like T1 line to each branch and things slowed down. The issue was that the 9600baud lines was only shipping the screens to the 3270s ... while the distributed computing model was trying to continuely ship large amounts of the data to the local branches where the data then would be munged on before displaying on the screen.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

vm marketing (cross post)

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: vm marketing (cross post)
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 15:55:36 GMT
with respect to drop-off in the growth rate of the internal network .... see the departmental computing threads.

basically late '70s and early '80s saw an explosive growth in mainframe (and other machines) used in departmental computing environments. in the mid-80s that market place started to migrate to high-end PCs and various workstations. The internet treated those boxes as network nodes while the internal network supported then with terminal emulation ... not as true network nodes (there may have been a large number of such machines with internal network connectivity ... but they didn't show up as network nodes ... while they did on the internet).

misc. departmental computing/server threads:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#15 departmental servers
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#43 FA: Early IBM Software and Reference Manuals
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#44 Call for folklore - was Re: So it's cyclical.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#56 Contiguous file system
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#15 Replace SNA communication to host with something else
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#23 Alpha vs. Itanic: facts vs. FUD
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#34 Hercules etc. IBM not just missing a great opportunity...
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#39 195 was: Computer Typesetting Was: Movies with source code
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#2 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#7 The demise of compaq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#0 Microcode?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#4 Microcode? (& index searching)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#37 Poor Man's clustering idea
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#44 PDP-10 Archive migration plan
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002c.html#0 Did Intel Bite Off More Than It Can Chew?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#4 IBM Mainframe at home
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#7 IBM Mainframe at home
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#14 Mainframers: Take back the light (spotlight, that is)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#2 IBM's "old" boss speaks (was "new")
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#47 Multics_Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#61 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#74 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#75 Computers in Science Fiction
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#7 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#60 Mainframes and "mini-computers"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#19 Why did OSI fail compared with TCP-IP?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#52 Bettman Archive in Trouble
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#30 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#57 CDC6600 - just how powerful a machine was it?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#4 HONE, , misc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#7 HONE, , misc
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#34 ...killer PC's

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Total Computing Power

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Total Computing Power
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sat, 03 Aug 2002 20:35:58 GMT
cbh@ieya.co.REMOVE_THIS.uk (Chris Hedley) writes:
I think I always end up replying to this subject. :) Although the full-screen-update on a 9600bps multidrop was slow, the overall response times when connected to an overburdened 3090 with its meagre-by-today's-standards 32MB of core was much better than much of I've seen with today's fashionable technology, ie workstations with amazingly fast processors and quarter of a gig of core connected to the remote site using a comparatively fat pipe. I know I've moaned that a 9600bps multidrop can be slow, but that's only relative to a nice channel-connected controller.

for the IMS group ... when they got pushed to a remote site out of STL (but all the dataprocessing equipment remained in the STL machine room) ... they wouldn't tolerate non-channel connected 3270s.

I got to write the HYPERchannel support for hyperchannel A51x boxes and the channel driver for the local A22x channel attach box.

Bascially the A51x box emulated an IBM local channel and connected channel attached controllers. The A22x attached directly to IBM channel. Between the A22x box and the A51x boxes were HYPERCHnanel network that included a T1 segment.

This providing what appeared to be local, channel connected 3270 response at the remote site for the IMS group .... and had a side-effect that the thruput of the IBM mainframes went up. The side-effect was that the A22x channel box had much more efficient channel handshaking than the 3274 controllers ... which met that overall local/real channel busy went down for the same amount of 3270 activity.

I also did the rfc1044 tcp/ip support for the standard mainframe product ... using the A22x channel interface. I was able to test this at cray research using a 4341-clone operating a full chnanel speed talking to a cray machine using very modest amount of the 4341 processor. The base tcp/ip product with the standard channel interface would come close to saturating a 3090 processor getting 44kbyte (440kbit) per second.

random ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#hsdt

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2002 01:29:31 GMT
hawk@slytherin.ds.psu.edu (Dr. Richard E. Hawkins) writes:
The roads are far better out there, though I suppose there's as many construction zones, which are actually engaged in work just as rarely.

For all its faults, california is good at putting good surfaces on roads . . . but then again, it cost them 4x as much as Nevada, last I heard.


and from the transportation thread ... comes the cal. road construction manual (some discussion earlier regarding frost heaves on mass pike):
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#42 transportation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#41 transportation

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Killer Hard Drives - Shrapnel?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2002 14:24:22 GMT
Charles Richmond writes:
I am still trying to figure out how they can have an "Interstate" highway in Hawaii... Perhaps it is just a euphemistic term. Certainly the highway can not go to any other state...unless some of the Hawaiian islands want to break away and form a new state.

H1, H2, & H3 on oahu; there are lots of designated "loops" around major cities that get interstate funds that aren't directly interstate ... although they tend to connect to things that are interstate.

quicky use of search engine

why does hawaii have interstate highways?
http://geography.miningco.com/library/faq/blqzhawaiiinterstates.htm

misc. other
http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa052499.htm

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

hone acronym (cross post)

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: hone acronym (cross post)
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.ibm-main,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2002 15:43:40 GMT
one of the early HONE uses was for testing/demoing 370 software. HONE started out with 360/67s and CP/67 "H". People could do this from 2741 in the branch office w/o even needing to travel to the nearest datacenter and getting dedicated 3rd shift machine time (this possibly somewhat prompted the Hands-On Network Environment acronym).

CSC had CP "L", CP "H", and CP "I". The "L" system was standard CP/67 kernel with lots of internal modifications that hadn't shipped in the product. "H" had modifications to the kernel to provide (selectable) both 360 virtual machines and 370 virtual machines (aka instructions were simulated as per the 370 architecture not the 360 architecture ... as well as the new 370 instructions that didn't exist in 360). "H" had both 370 non-relocate mode as well as 370 "virtual memory" mode. "I" kernel had modifications that would run on the 370 virtual memory architecture rather than the 360/67 virtual memory architecture. The original purpose of the "H"/"I" project was to develop test environment for new 370. Copies of the "I" kernel were regularly running 12 months before the first 370 engineering machine with virtual memory was available. In fact, when the first 370 virtual memory engineering machine was ready to test (this was a machine that booted by throwing a knife switch), the "I" kernel was used.

After "basic" 370 had been announced ... but before machines were generally available; one of the early HONE applications was to allow field people to test software against the "new" architecture ("virtual memory" 370 mode was crippled because it hadn't been announced yet). Later when 370 "virtual memory" was announced (and machines weren't yet available), people in the field had the ability to boot operating system kernels and test software (note that "H" & "I" kernels were also being used extensively inside IBM for development and test).

There was also a CP/67-SJ kernel ... this was the CP/67 "I" kernel with changes done by the San Jose engineers to support block multiplexor channel, IDALs, 3330 disk drives, and 2305 fixed-head disks (i.e. after real 370s with virtual memory hardware became available internally with 3330s and 2305s and long before vm/370 was available).

Slightly different folklore was that the original development SVS ... was a MVT kernel modified to support virtual memory including a well-hacked copy of CP/67's "CCWTRANS" (the cp/67 module that handled virtual to real CCW translation and page fixing) .... starting out testing on 360/67 virtual memory architecture ... and then modified to test in CP/67-H 370 virtual machine.

related refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#61 VM (not VMS or Virtual Machine, the IBM sort)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000c.html#34 What level of computer is needed for a computer to Love?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#65 "all-out" vs less aggressive designs (was: Re: 36 to 32 bit transition)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#37 FW: NEW IBM MAINFRAMES / OS / ETC.(HOT OFF THE PRESS)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#18 Linux IA-64 interrupts [was Re: Itanium benchmarks ...]
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#29 HP Compaq merger, here we go again.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002c.html#39 VAX, M68K complex instructions (was Re: Did Intel Bite Off More Than It Can Chew?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#50 crossreferenced program code listings

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

history of CMS

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: history of CMS
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers
Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2002 16:52:17 GMT
thread drift from
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#71 history of CMS

one of the things I was doing was walking the fab. line .... i don't envy the people that have to work all day in those bunny suits.

the chip has about the same memory as 360/30 but is much faster ... although there isn't as many i/o devices attached ... but it does fit in one of those little plastic cards you may have in your wallet.

the project started about five years ago ... see chip strawman at:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/x959.html#aads

misc. other
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#55 AADS, ECDSA, and even some TCPA
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay10.htm#40 AADS Chip Strawman & aSuretee

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

help: Thinking with Meat

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: help: Thinking with Meat
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.science,comp.ai.philosophy,rec.arts.sf.written,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 13:25:14 GMT
J. Clarke writes:
Yebbut in industrialized societies the correlation is negative--those with wealth and social status tend to have small families. And if they're so dumb howcum they're rich?

i think some UN study in non-industrial societies showed inverse correlation between female edudation and family size (the more education the female has, the smaller the family size). wealth may be somewhat correlated with knowledge ... not necessarily IQ; even little things like knowing when to plant, how to prepare food, sanitation, etc.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

How to map a user account to a digital cert?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: How to map a user account to a digital cert?
Newsgroups: alt.technology.smartcards
Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 13:52:27 GMT
john.veldhuis writes:
Well that's just about how part of the Strong Authentication extension for SafeGuard Advanced Security works (of course).

see code on source forge
http://www.sourceforge.net/

and do search on ecdsa

that does digital signing using fips186-2 ecdsa

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Itanium2 power limited?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Itanium2 power limited?
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Mon, 05 Aug 2002 15:40:18 GMT
nmm1@cus.cam.ac.uk (Nick Maclaren) writes:
The IBM 3270. Good for form-filling, but a real pain for text editing, and abandoned by many customers in favour of things like DEC front-ends. The solution to that was:

IBM's model of using the PS/2 and OS/2 to run downloaded client software, NOT under the control of the user. CUA and all that. Firmly rejected by customers.

X Terminals. Always a stupid idea, they became obviously stupid when people started using customisable fonts and window managers started being clever.


at least both the 3270 and x-terminals .... seemed to be a price/performance optimization .... given relatively expensive (at the time) processor, memory, disks, software, etc. over time all of those costs significantly changed .... in effect invalidating the basis for earlier trade-off decisions.

3272(controller)/3277(terminal) with some local hardware hacks made it almost livable (at least local channel attached). later 3274 controller that moved much of the hardware out of the terminal (shared hardware in the controller) ... aggravated various user interface issues and negated the ability to do hardware hacks in the terminal (also any networked controller versions were a real pain).

One of the worst 3270 issues was the traditional mainframe half-duplex i/o model. if you happened to be doing a keystroke at the same time there was a screen write ... the keyboard locked and you had to stop and hit the reset key. a simple hardware hack on the 3277 eliminated that particular bit of nastiness. form-filling was a significantly more half-duplex paradigm .... better matching the mainframe i/o model.

when the IMS group were moved out of STL to remote building .... they looked remote/network 327x controllers and somewhat blanched when they saw comparison to what they had been used to with local channel attach. they eventually went with HYPERchannel as a "channel extender" over T1 link with local 327x controllers at the remote location.

later PCs with 3277 terminal emulation for local connect allowed the hardware hacks to be done in softare instead.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

30th b'day

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Date: Tue, 06 Aug 2002 08:04:26 -0500
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.vmesa-l
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: 30th b'day
RSCS started out as cpremote at csc. the later evolved it into networking protocol. the first production networking connection of note was between cambridge and endicott working on the CP/67 "H" & "I" systems (aka the modifications to support 370 virtual machines with virtual addressing on real 360/67). The "I" system had been running a year under an "H" systtem on real 360/67 (or in some cases under an "H" system under a "L" system on real 360/67 ... because of security concerns at cambridge with the number of MIT, BU, etc students with access to the system).
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#70 hone acronym (cross post)

internallly it was called VNET for many years before the joint RSCS & JES2/NJE product was announced for customers.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#64 vm marketing (cross post)

perkin-elmer was sort of interesting to be because they had bought interdata and were marketing a pcm terminal controller. as an undergraduate i had worked on a project that created the first pcm terminal controller using an interdata/3 (later enhanced to interdata/4 with interdata/3s dedicated as linescanners). we get blamed for originating the 360 PCM controller market
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#360pcm

Simpson also did something called RASP at ibm ... which never became a product ... but bore some similarity to GNOSIS/KEYKOS.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#69 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#22 No more innovation? Get serious
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#73 7090 vs. 7094 etc.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#33 Did AT&T offer Unix to Digital Equipment in the 70s?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#35 Did AT&T offer Unix to Digital Equipment in the 70s?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001n.html#10 TSS/360
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002f.html#59 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#0 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#4 markup vs wysiwyg (was: Re: learning how to use a computer)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#43 IBM doing anything for 50th Anniv?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#63 Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?

Simpson worked on similar project after he went to Amdahl .... which also never made it to product .... although a lot of the people got absorbed by gold/uts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#68 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#69 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#70 TSS ancient history, was X86 ultimate CISC? designs)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001g.html#35 Did AT&T offer Unix to Digital Equipment in the 70s?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001l.html#18 mainframe question
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#0 Blade architectures
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#63 Hercules and System/390 - do we need it?

the internal (vnet) network was larger than arpanet/internet until about '85 .... random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#60 360 Architecture, Multics, ... was (Re: X86 ultimate CISC? No.)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#19 checking some myths.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#28 Title Inflation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#29 Title Inflation
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#53 Computer Naming Conventions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#54 Computer Naming Conventions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#56 Computer Naming Conventions
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002c.html#39 VAX, M68K complex instructions (was Re: Did Intel Bite Off More Than It Can Chew?)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#47 Multics_Security
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#48 Why did OSI fail compared with TCP-IP?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002g.html#71 Coulda, Woulda, Shoudda moments?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#48 Why did OSI fail compared with TCP-IP?

along with bitnet was earn ... random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#22 CP spooling & programming technology
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#38c Internet and/or ARPANET?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#39 Internet and/or ARPANET?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#126 Dispute about Internet's origins
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000b.html#67 oddly portable machines
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#56 Is Al Gore The Father of the Internet?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#63 Is Al Gore The Father of the Internet?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#72 When the Internet went private
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000d.html#77 Is Al Gore The Father of the Internet?^
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#15 internet preceeds Gore in office.
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#22 Why trust root CAs ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000f.html#51 Al Gore and the Internet (Part 2 of 2)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#24 A question for you old guys -- IBM 1130 information
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000g.html#39 Could CDR-coding be on the way back?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001b.html#71 Z/90, S/390, 370/ESA (slightly off topic)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001c.html#19 What is "IBM-MAIN"
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001e.html#12 Blame it all on Microsoft
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001e.html#25 Pre ARPAnet email?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001h.html#65 UUCP email
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002d.html#33 LISTSERV(r) on mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002e.html#6 LISTSERV(r) on mainframes
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002h.html#11 Why did OSI fail compared with TCP-IP?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#44 Unisys A11 worth keeping?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#29 mailing list history from vmshare

At 12:09 AM 8/6/2002 -0500, Automatic digest processor wrote:
During those many years, we've enjoyed SHAREing. I'll mention one partnership, as an example of many. During the early seventies, U Maine (Orono, ME), the Perkin-Elmer Corp. (Danbury, CT), and Amoco Research (Tulsa OK) joined forces. We all saw the value and opportunities of VM and realized that it needed some tweaking and development that IBM may not be willing to perform. So for the benefit of each organization, we were connected via a file-transfer ancestor of RSCS (a derivative of RASP, if I recall correctly). For several years we collaborated closely, jointly maintaining VM and developing many hundreds of "mods". Some of these were made available to the VM community via SHARE, and many or most were either later incorporated into the product or influenced VM Developers.We did e- mail before the folks of CUNY talked us into sharing via BITNET.

Difference between Unix and Linux?

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Difference between Unix and Linux?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.os.linux.advocacy,gnu.misc.discuss
Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 01:47:56 GMT
Pete Fenelon writes:
Difference being Java's a heck of a lot bigger than it needs to be; p-System was nice and neat.

one might claim that java is in some sense a spring derivative ... and taligent was a pink derivative (aka apple's object operating system morphing into taligent ... and sun's object operating system morphing into java).

random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#42 IBM's Workplace OS (Was: .. Pink)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#45 IBM's Workplace OS (Was: .. Pink)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#46 Where are they now : Taligent and Pink
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#48 Where are they now : Taligent and Pink
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001j.html#32 Whom Do Programmers Admire Now???
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002i.html#60 Unisys A11 worth keeping?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#34 ...killer PC's

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

IBM 327x terminals and controllers (was Re: Itanium2 power

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: IBM 327x terminals and controllers (was Re: Itanium2 power
limited?)
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 02:26:01 GMT
Eric Smith <eric-no-spam-for-me@brouhaha.com> writes:
So the controller-to-terminal interface changed? I thought the medium (coax) and protocol were standardized very early on.

cut & dft; cut was original 3272/3277 ... say 1973(?) ... and dft was maybe 1978(?) 3274/3278/9. memory is getting vague on dates. coax stayed the same.

... random refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#30 3270 protocol
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001k.html#33 3270 protocol

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Future interconnects

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Future interconnects
Newsgroups: comp.arch
Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 02:39:04 GMT
Greg Pfister writes:
There's some publically-available evidence of this, other than my own first-person testimony:

Really going back in time, one of the roots (not the only one) can be found in a presentation by Justin Rattner (Intel Fellow) in the Fall '98 Intel Developers' Forum, where he discussed through about 5 pages what kind of I/O was needed to really fill the needs of a large, robust data center. I/O. Not cluster interconnect; data center I/O.


i have no knowledge of this specific go around .... but I do remember the gyrations that fiber-channel standard activity went thru at fabric interconnect layer regarding efforts to support "large, robust data center I/O" ... aka by any other name half-duplex devices, half-duplex protocol and half-duplex paradigm. given a fundamental full-duplex facility .... trying to give that facility the capability of preventing full-duplex operation in support of half-duplex paradigm seemed like it was turning into a specification that was as large as the whole rest of fiber-channel effort put together.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Q: Trust in an X.509 certificate

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Q: Trust in an X.509 certificate
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 17:20:35 GMT
grk@usa.net (G. Ralph Kuntz, MD) writes:
If I have an X.509 code-signing certificate for a company xyz.com, signed by a well-known CA, the certificate contains the chain

xyz.com well-known-secondary-CA-server well-known-primary-CA-server

To really verify that the key belongs to xyz.com, don't I have to follow the chain all the way to the top and verify that I know and trust each intermediate signer (up to the primary CA, which I have in a hard-coded file)?

What happens if the well-known CA issues a CA certificate to dasteredly-dan who then uses his CA cert to sign a certificate for XYZ.com? The chain in the X.509 certificate would then contain

XYZ.com dasteredly-dan-CA-server well-known-secondary-CA-server well-known-primary-CA-server

How would I recognize that this is not a legitimate certificate for the company xyz.com?


is this trust in the integrity of the certificate (aka the actual bits) or trust in the information contained in the certificate?

a primary purpose of ssl xyz.com domain name certificates .... is because of trust issues with the domain name infrastructure. the problem is that to certify some information ... a certification authority (CA) has to validate the validating of the information being certified. Typically a CA is not the authoritative agency for the information certified .... so the CA has to check with the appropriate authoritative agency. the authoritative agency for domain names (that CAs have to check with) is the domain name infrastructure ... the very thing that there are questions about originally giving rise to ssl domain name certificates.

now there are CA oriented proposals for improving the integrity of the domain name infrastructure .... allowing CAs to better trust the information they are certifying. However these methods also go a long way to improving the overall integrity of the domain name infrastructure .... and minimizing the need/requirement for ssl domain name certificates.

aka .... you are missing in the above picture .... the authoritative agency that a CA-server has to check with as to the validity of the information being certified (i.e. it can either be a dasteredly-dan-CA-server or a dasteredly-dan-information-source).

ref:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subpubkey.html#sslcerts

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Difference between Unix and Linux?

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Difference between Unix and Linux?
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.os.linux.advocacy,gnu.misc.discuss
Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 22:50:35 GMT
The Ghost In The Machine writes:
I'd forgotten about UCSD, somehow -- but you're right. Similarly, XML is warmed-over LISP with attributes and character escapes ('&') mixed in for flavor.

xml is sgml (iso standard gml) ... is gml .... from 1970 ... by "G", "M", & "L" at CSC (545 tech sq) as enhancement to script ... a runoff-like "." formating language.

random sgml/gml refs:
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/98.html#21 Reviving the OS/360 thread (Questions about OS/360)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/99.html#197 Computing As She Really Is. Was: Re: Life-Advancing Work of Timothy Berners-Lee
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000.html#8 Computer of the century
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#0 What good and old text formatter are there ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2000e.html#1 What good and old text formatter are there ?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#1 History of Microsoft Word (and wordprocessing in general)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001i.html#39 IBM OS Timeline?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2001m.html#43 FA: Early IBM Software and Reference Manuals
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002.html#53 School Help
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002b.html#46 ... the need for a Museum of Computer Software
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2002j.html#64 vm marketing (cross post)
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#43 Bloat, elegance, simplicity and other irrelevant concepts
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/94.html#55 How Do the Old Mainframes Compare to Today's Micros?
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/96.html#24 old manuals
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/97.html#9 HELP! Chronology of word-processing

misc. 545 tech sq
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Q: Trust in an X.509 certificate

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Q: Trust in an X.509 certificate
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 11:13:00 GMT
"lyal collins" writes:
Or more accurately perhaps, trust in the human managed processes of each layer in the CA chain Lyal

careful, you are treading very close to that dreaded ... "business process".

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 11:28:48 GMT
anybody seen a formal definition for fips186-2/x9.62/ecdsa for eal 5/6 evaluation?

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Summary: Robots of Doom

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Summary: Robots of Doom.
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.science,comp.ai.philosophy,rec.arts.sf.written,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 12:37:45 GMT
Jim Balter writes:
The amount of code produced by machine language programmers is comparable to the amount produced by high level language programmers, unless you're counting output of the compiler for the latter rather than lines of source code. Even then the factor is not 100 to 1.

i've done it lots of different ways .... rewritten in assembler that ran 100 faster than previous assembler .... rewritten in REXX that ran 100 faster than previous assembler ... and rewritten in C that ran 100 faster than previous assembler.

in the later two cases (actually in all the cases) ... the assembler programmer(s) was spending so much time manageing nigling hardware issues that they weren't paying attention to fundamental scale-up issues.

the rexx case (interpreted language) ... ok maybe not quite 100 times ... maybe it was only 10 times faster but provided 10 times more function. basically something like 15k-20k lines of assembler replaced with some interesting 120 lines of assembler and 3k lines of rexx.

the rewrite in C was "routes" part of airline res system ... which had been assembler. the initial pass was 100 times faster ... but they then also wanted ten impossible things that they couldn't currently do; adding support for the ten impossible things then slowed it down to only 10 times faster. however even in C there were some nigling hardware issues ... depending on how one loop was coded met a factor of three times total difference in the overall thruput because of some hardware cache stride issues.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation

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From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 12:51:12 GMT
"Mads Rasmussen" writes:
By evaluation you mean like the cryptval from NIST, right?

I know NIST is working on tests for their fips (186-2 and ecdsa) from Lawrence E Bassham III [lbassham@nist.gov]


there is the old time fips140 evaluation for crypto devices, levels 1, 2, 3, 4.

fips186-2 & x9.62 standards cross reference each other for ecdsa.

eal is common criteria ... typically covers lots more than fips140 ... although fips140 issues may be included in common criteria evaluation.
https://web.archive.org/web/20021017070907/http://csrc.nist.gov/cc/ccv20/ccv2list.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20030129051918/http://www.commoncriteria.org/
http://niap.nist.gov/
https://web.archive.org/web/20030130132546/http://www.niap.nist.gov/

this has a little about evaluation methodology in common criteria
http://csrc.nist.gov/cc/cem/cemlist.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20021016194114/http://csrc.nist.gov/cc/cem/cemlist.htm

at least eal levels 1-4.

i'm looking at eal 5/6 for ecdsa which requires formal (or at least semi-formal) specification of ecdsa for the evaulation process.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

Summary: Robots of Doom

From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: Summary: Robots of Doom.
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.science,comp.ai.philosophy,rec.arts.sf.written,alt.folklore.computers
Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 12:55:37 GMT
Jim Balter writes:
I didn't say anything above about speed. Nor did the original poster say anything about rewrites -- just that his code ran "very fast" -- which is meaningless without an explicit referent.

... well at least the rexx rewrite took part time for 3 months elapsed time .... I don't know what the original implementation time took, but they had something like 15-20 full time people just maintaining the code.

--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation

Refed: **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **, - **
From: Anne & Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com>
Subject: Re: formal fips186-2/x9.62 definition for eal 5/6 evaluation
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 16:22:20 GMT
djohn37050@aol.com (DJohn37050) writes:
Dan Brown of Certicom has done work on formal proofs of security for ECDSA, if that is what you mean. For the code, it means code review. Don Johnson

in the attached, TOE refers to "target of evaluation" ... for more detailed definition ... see TOE in
https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/secure.htm
EAL5

EAL5 permits a developer to gain maximum assurance from security engineering based upon rigorous commercial development practices supported by moderate application of specialist security engineering techniques. Such a TOE will probably be designed and developed with the intent of achieving EAL5 assurance. It is likely that the additional costs attributable to the EAL5 requirements, relative to rigorous development without the application of specialized techniques, will not be large.

EAL5 is therefore applicable to those circumstances where developers or users require a high level of independently assured security in a planned development and require a rigorous development approach without incurring unreasonable costs attributable to specialist security engineering techniques.

EAL5 provides assurance by an analysis of the security functions, using a functional and complete interface specification, guidance documentation, the high-level and low-level design of the TOE, and all of the implementation, to understand the security behavior. Assurance is additional gained through a formal model of the TOE security policy and a semiformal presentation of the functional specification and high-level design and a semiformal demonstration of correspondence between them. A modular TOE design is also required.

This EAL represents a meaningful increase in assurance from EAL4 by requiring semiformal design descriptions, the entire implementation, a more structure (and hence analyzable) architecture, covert channel analysis, and improved mechanisms and/or procedures that provide confidence that the TOE will not be tampered with during development.

EAL6

EAL6 permits developers to gain high assurance from application of security engineering techniques is a rigorous development environment in order to produce a premium TOE for protecting high value assets against significant risks.

EAL6 is therefore applicable to the development of security TOEs for application in high risk situations where the value of the protected assets justifies the additional costs.

This EAL represents a meaningful increase in assurance from EAL5 by requiring more comprehensive analysis, a structure representation of the implementation, more architectural structure (e.g. layering), more comprehensive independent vulnerability analysis, systematic covert channel identification, and improved configuration management and development environmental controls.


--
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | lynn@garlic.com - https://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

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